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345 lines
24 KiB
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345 lines
24 KiB
Markdown
<!-- WEHUB_ZH_README -->
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> [!NOTE]
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> 本文档由 WeHub 基于上游 README 翻译整理,属于社区翻译,非官方中文文档。
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> [English](./README.en.md) · [原始项目](https://github.com/roboflow/rf-detr) · [上游 README](https://github.com/roboflow/rf-detr/blob/HEAD/README.md)
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> 原作者、版权与许可证归属以原始项目及本仓库 LICENSE 文件为准。
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# RF-DETR:实时 SOTA 目标检测、实例分割与关键点检测
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<div align="center">
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[](https://badge.fury.io/py/rfdetr)
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[](https://pypistats.org/packages/rfdetr)
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[](https://codecov.io/gh/roboflow/rf-detr)
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[](https://badge.fury.io/py/rfdetr)
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[](https://github.com/roboflow/rf-detr/blob/main/LICENSE)
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[](https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.09554)
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[](https://huggingface.co/spaces/SkalskiP/RF-DETR)
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[](https://colab.research.google.com/github/roboflow-ai/notebooks/blob/main/notebooks/how-to-finetune-rf-detr-on-detection-dataset.ipynb)
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[](https://blog.roboflow.com/rf-detr)
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[](https://discord.gg/GbfgXGJ8Bk)
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<a href="https://trendshift.io/repositories/14379?utm_source=repository-badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=badge-repository-14379" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
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<img src="https://trendshift.io/api/badge/repositories/14379" alt="roboflow%2Frf-detr | Trendshift" width="250" height="55"/>
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</a>
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</div>
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---
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RF-DETR 是 Roboflow 开发的面向目标检测、实例分割与关键点检测(预览版)的实时 Transformer 架构。基于 DINOv2 视觉 Transformer(Vision Transformer)骨干网络,RF-DETR 在 [Microsoft COCO](https://cocodataset.org/#home) 与 [RF100-VL](https://github.com/roboflow/rf100-vl). 上实现了最先进的精度与延迟权衡。
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RF-DETR 采用 DINOv2 视觉 Transformer 骨干网络,并通过统一、一致的 API 支持目标检测、实例分割与关键点检测(预览版)。开源的 `rfdetr` 包及 Apache 指定的模型以 Apache 2.0 发布,而 Plus 组件(`rfdetr_plus`,包括 RF-DETR-XL/2XL 检测模型)则采用 PML 1.0 许可。
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已发布的 RF-DETR 各规格均通过神经架构搜索(NAS,Neural Architecture Search)创建——同一 NAS 方法现已在 [Roboflow 平台](https://app.roboflow.com/), 提供,你可据此为自有数据集发现最佳架构。详见 [NAS 文档](https://docs.roboflow.com/train/neural-architecture-search).
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https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/add23fd1-266f-4538-8809-d7dd5767e8e6
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## 安装
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要安装 RF-DETR,请在配备 `pip` 的 [**Python>=3.10**](https://www.python.org/)) 环境中安装 `rfdetr` 包。
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```bash
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pip install rfdetr
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```
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<details>
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<summary>从源码安装</summary>
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<br>
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从源码安装 RF-DETR,可体验尚未正式发布的新功能与改进。**请注意,这些更新仍在开发中,稳定性可能不及最新正式发布版本。**
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```bash
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pip install https://github.com/roboflow/rf-detr/archive/refs/heads/develop.zip
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```
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</details>
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## 基准测试
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RF-DETR 在目标检测与实例分割上均达到最先进水平,基准测试结果报告于 Microsoft COCO 与 RF100-VL(RF100-VL 仅用于检测)。下图与下表将 RF-DETR 与其他顶尖实时模型在检测与分割的精度、延迟方面进行对比。所有延迟数据均在 NVIDIA T4 上测得,使用 TensorRT、FP16,批大小为 1。完整基准测试方法与可复现性说明,请参阅 [roboflow/sab](https://github.com/roboflow/single_artifact_benchmarking).
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### 检测
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<img alt="rf_detr_1-4_latency_accuracy_object_detection" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/com-roboflow-marketing/rf-detr/rf_detr_1-4_latency_accuracy_object_detection.png" />
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<details>
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<summary>查看目标检测基准数据</summary>
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<br>
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| 架构 | COCO AP<sub>50</sub> | COCO AP<sub>50:95</sub> | RF100VL AP<sub>50</sub> | RF100VL AP<sub>50:95</sub> | 延迟 (ms) | 参数量 (M) | 分辨率 | 许可证 |
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| :-----------: | :------------------: | :---------------------: | :---------------------: | :------------------------: | :----------: | :--------: | :--------: | :--------: |
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| RF-DETR-N | 67.6 | 48.4 | 85.0 | 57.7 | 2.3 | 30.5 | 384x384 | Apache 2.0 |
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| RF-DETR-S | 72.1 | 53.0 | 86.7 | 60.2 | 3.5 | 32.1 | 512x512 | Apache 2.0 |
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| RF-DETR-M | 73.6 | 54.7 | 87.4 | 61.2 | 4.4 | 33.7 | 576x576 | Apache 2.0 |
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| RF-DETR-L | 75.1 | 56.5 | 88.2 | 62.2 | 6.8 | 33.9 | 704x704 | Apache 2.0 |
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| RF-DETR-XL △ | 77.4 | 58.6 | 88.5 | 62.9 | 11.5 | 126.4 | 700x700 | PML 1.0 |
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| RF-DETR-2XL △ | 78.5 | 60.1 | 89.0 | 63.2 | 17.2 | 126.9 | 880x880 | PML 1.0 |
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| YOLO11-N | 52.0 | 37.4 | 81.4 | 55.3 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 640x640 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| YOLO11-S | 59.7 | 44.4 | 82.3 | 56.2 | 3.2 | 9.4 | 640x640 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| YOLO11-M | 64.1 | 48.6 | 82.5 | 56.5 | 5.1 | 20.1 | 640x640 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| YOLO11-L | 64.9 | 49.9 | 82.2 | 56.5 | 6.5 | 25.3 | 640x640 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| YOLO11-X | 66.1 | 50.9 | 81.7 | 56.2 | 10.5 | 56.9 | 640x640 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| YOLO26-N | 55.8 | 40.3 | 76.7 | 52.0 | 1.7 | 2.6 | 640x640 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| YOLO26-S | 64.3 | 47.7 | 82.7 | 57.0 | 2.6 | 9.4 | 640x640 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| YOLO26-M | 69.7 | 52.5 | 84.4 | 58.7 | 4.4 | 20.1 | 640x640 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| YOLO26-L | 71.1 | 54.1 | 85.0 | 59.3 | 5.7 | 25.3 | 640x640 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| YOLO26-X | 74.0 | 56.9 | 85.6 | 60.0 | 9.6 | 56.9 | 640x640 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| LW-DETR-T | 60.7 | 42.9 | 84.7 | 57.1 | 1.9 | 12.1 | 640x640 | Apache 2.0 |
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| LW-DETR-S | 66.8 | 48.0 | 85.0 | 57.4 | 2.6 | 14.6 | 640x640 | Apache 2.0 |
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| LW-DETR-M | 72.0 | 52.6 | 86.8 | 59.8 | 4.4 | 28.2 | 640x640 | Apache 2.0 |
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| LW-DETR-L | 74.6 | 56.1 | 87.4 | 61.5 | 6.9 | 46.8 | 640x640 | Apache 2.0 |
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| LW-DETR-X | 76.9 | 58.3 | 87.9 | 62.1 | 13.0 | 118.0 | 640x640 | Apache 2.0 |
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| D-FINE-N | 60.2 | 42.7 | 84.4 | 58.2 | 2.1 | 3.8 | 640x640 | Apache 2.0 |
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| D-FINE-S | 67.6 | 50.6 | 85.3 | 60.3 | 3.5 | 10.2 | 640x640 | Apache 2.0 |
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| D-FINE-M | 72.6 | 55.0 | 85.5 | 60.6 | 5.4 | 19.2 | 640x640 | Apache 2.0 |
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| D-FINE-L | 74.9 | 57.2 | 86.4 | 61.6 | 7.5 | 31.0 | 640x640 | Apache 2.0 |
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| D-FINE-X | 76.8 | 59.3 | 86.9 | 62.2 | 11.5 | 62.0 | 640x640 | Apache 2.0 |
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</details>
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### 实例分割(Segmentation)
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<img alt="rf_detr_1-4_latency_accuracy_instance_segmentation" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/com-roboflow-marketing/rf-detr/rf_detr_1-4_latency_accuracy_instance_segmentation.png" />
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<details>
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<summary>查看实例分割基准测试数据</summary>
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<br>
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| Architecture | COCO AP<sub>50</sub> | COCO AP<sub>50:95</sub> | Latency (ms) | Params (M) | Resolution | License |
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| :-------------: | :------------------: | :---------------------: | :----------: | :--------: | :--------: | :--------: |
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| RF-DETR-Seg-N | 63.0 | 40.3 | 3.4 | 33.6 | 312x312 | Apache 2.0 |
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| RF-DETR-Seg-S | 66.2 | 43.1 | 4.4 | 33.7 | 384x384 | Apache 2.0 |
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| RF-DETR-Seg-M | 68.4 | 45.3 | 5.9 | 35.7 | 432x432 | Apache 2.0 |
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| RF-DETR-Seg-L | 70.5 | 47.1 | 8.8 | 36.2 | 504x504 | Apache 2.0 |
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| RF-DETR-Seg-XL | 72.2 | 48.8 | 13.5 | 38.1 | 624x624 | Apache 2.0 |
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| RF-DETR-Seg-2XL | 73.1 | 49.9 | 21.8 | 38.6 | 768x768 | Apache 2.0 |
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| YOLOv8-N-Seg | 45.6 | 28.3 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 640x640 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| YOLOv8-S-Seg | 53.8 | 34.0 | 4.2 | 11.8 | 640x640 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| YOLOv8-M-Seg | 58.2 | 37.3 | 7.0 | 27.3 | 640x640 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| YOLOv8-L-Seg | 60.5 | 39.0 | 9.7 | 46.0 | 640x640 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| YOLOv8-XL-Seg | 61.3 | 39.5 | 14.0 | 71.8 | 640x640 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| YOLOv11-N-Seg | 47.8 | 30.0 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 640x640 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| YOLOv11-S-Seg | 55.4 | 35.0 | 4.6 | 10.1 | 640x640 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| YOLOv11-M-Seg | 60.0 | 38.5 | 6.9 | 22.4 | 640x640 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| YOLOv11-L-Seg | 61.5 | 39.5 | 8.3 | 27.6 | 640x640 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| YOLOv11-XL-Seg | 62.4 | 40.1 | 13.7 | 62.1 | 640x640 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| YOLO26-N-Seg | 54.3 | 34.7 | 2.31 | 2.7 | 640x640 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| YOLO26-S-Seg | 62.4 | 40.2 | 3.47 | 10.4 | 640x640 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| YOLO26-M-Seg | 67.8 | 44.0 | 6.32 | 23.6 | 640x640 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| YOLO26-L-Seg | 69.8 | 45.5 | 7.58 | 28.0 | 640x640 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| YOLO26-X-Seg | 71.6 | 46.8 | 12.92 | 62.8 | 640x640 | AGPL-3.0 |
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</details>
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### 关键点(Keypoints)
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<img alt="RF-DETR Keypoint mAP vs latency chart comparing against YOLO26-pose and YOLO11-pose on MS COCO" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/roboflow/rf-detr/develop/docs/assets/keypoints/kp-map-latency.png" />
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<details>
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<summary>查看关键点检测基准测试数据</summary>
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<br>
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| Architecture | COCO AP<sub>50:95</sub> | Latency (ms) | License |
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| :------------------------: | :---------------------: | :----------: | :--------: |
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| RF-DETR Keypoint (Preview) | 71.8 | 9.7 | Apache 2.0 |
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| YOLO11-pose N | 48.9 | 3.2 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| YOLO11-pose S | 57.5 | 3.4 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| YOLO11-pose M | 64.2 | 5.2 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| YOLO11-pose L | 65.2 | 6.6 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| YOLO11-pose X | 68.6 | 10.6 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| YOLO26-pose N | 55.9 | 1.9 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| YOLO26-pose S | 62.0 | 2.7 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| YOLO26-pose M | 68.0 | 4.6 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| YOLO26-pose L | 69.2 | 5.9 | AGPL-3.0 |
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| YOLO26-pose X | 71.0 | 9.8 | AGPL-3.0 |
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</details>
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> 关键点基准测试报告 AP<sub>50:95</sub>(基于 OKS);这是 COCO 关键点对比的标准指标。
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## 运行模型
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### 检测
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RF-DETR 提供多种模型尺寸,从 Nano 到 2XLarge。要使用其他模型尺寸,请将下方代码片段中的类名替换为表格中的其他类。
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```python
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import supervision as sv
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from rfdetr import RFDETRMedium
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from rfdetr.assets.coco_classes import COCO_CLASSES
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model = RFDETRMedium()
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detections = model.predict("https://media.roboflow.com/dog.jpg", threshold=0.5)
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labels = [f"{COCO_CLASSES[class_id]}" for class_id in detections.class_id]
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annotated_image = sv.BoxAnnotator().annotate(detections.metadata["source_image"], detections)
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annotated_image = sv.LabelAnnotator().annotate(annotated_image, detections, labels)
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```
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> **注意:** `COCO_CLASSES` 适用于 COCO 预训练模型。对于微调模型,请改用 `detections.data["class_name"]` —— 它会从 checkpoint 解析类名,并适用于 COCO 和自定义数据集。
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<details>
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<summary>使用 Inference 运行 RF-DETR</summary>
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<br>
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你也可以使用 Inference 库运行 RF-DETR 模型。要切换模型尺寸,请从下方表格中选择相应的 inference 包别名。
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```python
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import requests
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import supervision as sv
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from PIL import Image
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from inference import get_model
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model = get_model("rfdetr-medium")
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image = Image.open(requests.get("https://media.roboflow.com/dog.jpg", stream=True).raw)
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predictions = model.infer(image, confidence=0.5)[0]
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detections = sv.Detections.from_inference(predictions)
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annotated_image = sv.BoxAnnotator().annotate(image, detections)
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annotated_image = sv.LabelAnnotator().annotate(annotated_image, detections)
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```
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</details>
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| Size | RF-DETR package class | Inference package alias | COCO AP<sub>50</sub> | COCO AP<sub>50:95</sub> | Latency (ms) | Params (M) | Resolution | License |
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| :--: | :-------------------: | :---------------------- | :------------------: | :---------------------: | :----------: | :--------: | :--------: | :--------: |
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| N | `RFDETRNano` | `rfdetr-nano` | 67.6 | 48.4 | 2.3 | 30.5 | 384x384 | Apache 2.0 |
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| S | `RFDETRSmall` | `rfdetr-small` | 72.1 | 53.0 | 3.5 | 32.1 | 512x512 | Apache 2.0 |
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| M | `RFDETRMedium` | `rfdetr-medium` | 73.6 | 54.7 | 4.4 | 33.7 | 576x576 | Apache 2.0 |
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| L | `RFDETRLarge` | `rfdetr-large` | 75.1 | 56.5 | 6.8 | 33.9 | 704x704 | Apache 2.0 |
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| XL | `RFDETRXLarge` △ | `rfdetr-xlarge` | 77.4 | 58.6 | 11.5 | 126.4 | 700x700 | PML 1.0 |
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| 2XL | `RFDETR2XLarge` △ | `rfdetr-2xlarge` | 78.5 | 60.1 | 17.2 | 126.9 | 880x880 | PML 1.0 |
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> △ 需要 `rfdetr_plus` 扩展:`pip install rfdetr[plus]`。详见 [许可证](#license)。
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### 实例分割(Segmentation)
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RF-DETR 支持实例分割,模型尺寸从 Nano 到 2XLarge。要使用其他模型尺寸,请将下方代码片段中的类名替换为表格中的其他类。
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```python
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import supervision as sv
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from rfdetr import RFDETRSegMedium
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from rfdetr.assets.coco_classes import COCO_CLASSES
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model = RFDETRSegMedium()
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detections = model.predict("https://media.roboflow.com/dog.jpg", threshold=0.5)
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labels = [f"{COCO_CLASSES[class_id]}" for class_id in detections.class_id]
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annotated_image = sv.MaskAnnotator().annotate(detections.metadata["source_image"], detections)
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annotated_image = sv.LabelAnnotator().annotate(annotated_image, detections, labels)
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```
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<details>
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<summary>使用 Inference 运行 RF-DETR-Seg</summary>
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<br>
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你也可以使用 Inference 库运行 RF-DETR-Seg 模型。要切换模型尺寸,请从下表中选择相应的 inference 包别名。
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```python
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import requests
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import supervision as sv
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from PIL import Image
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from inference import get_model
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model = get_model("rfdetr-seg-medium")
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image = Image.open(requests.get("https://media.roboflow.com/dog.jpg", stream=True).raw)
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predictions = model.infer(image, confidence=0.5)[0]
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detections = sv.Detections.from_inference(predictions)
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annotated_image = sv.MaskAnnotator().annotate(image, detections)
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annotated_image = sv.LabelAnnotator().annotate(annotated_image, detections)
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```
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</details>
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| Size | RF-DETR package class | Inference package alias | COCO AP<sub>50</sub> | COCO AP<sub>50:95</sub> | Latency (ms) | Params (M) | Resolution | License |
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| :--: | :-------------------: | :---------------------- | :------------------: | :---------------------: | :----------: | :--------: | :--------: | :--------: |
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| N | `RFDETRSegNano` | `rfdetr-seg-nano` | 63.0 | 40.3 | 3.4 | 33.6 | 312x312 | Apache 2.0 |
|
||
| S | `RFDETRSegSmall` | `rfdetr-seg-small` | 66.2 | 43.1 | 4.4 | 33.7 | 384x384 | Apache 2.0 |
|
||
| M | `RFDETRSegMedium` | `rfdetr-seg-medium` | 68.4 | 45.3 | 5.9 | 35.7 | 432x432 | Apache 2.0 |
|
||
| L | `RFDETRSegLarge` | `rfdetr-seg-large` | 70.5 | 47.1 | 8.8 | 36.2 | 504x504 | Apache 2.0 |
|
||
| XL | `RFDETRSegXLarge` | `rfdetr-seg-xlarge` | 72.2 | 48.8 | 13.5 | 38.1 | 624x624 | Apache 2.0 |
|
||
| 2XL | `RFDETRSeg2XLarge` | `rfdetr-seg-2xlarge` | 73.1 | 49.9 | 21.8 | 38.6 | 768x768 | Apache 2.0 |
|
||
|
||
### 关键点
|
||
|
||
RF-DETR 支持关键点检测(预览版),使用 `RFDETRKeypointPreview`,在 COCO 人体关键点上预训练。
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
from rfdetr import RFDETRKeypointPreview
|
||
|
||
model = RFDETRKeypointPreview()
|
||
key_points = model.predict("image.jpg", threshold=0.5)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
| Size | RF-DETR package class | COCO AP<sub>50:95</sub> | Latency (ms) | Params (M) | Resolution | License |
|
||
| :----------------: | :---------------------: | :---------------------: | :----------: | :--------: | :--------: | :--------: |
|
||
| Keypoint (Preview) | `RFDETRKeypointPreview` | 71.8 | 9.7 | 126.4 | 576x576 | Apache 2.0 |
|
||
|
||
### 训练模型
|
||
|
||
RF-DETR 支持目标检测、实例分割和关键点检测(预览版)的训练。你可以在 [Google Colab](https://colab.research.google.com/github/roboflow-ai/notebooks/blob/main/notebooks/how-to-finetune-rf-detr-on-detection-dataset.ipynb) 中训练模型,或直接在 Roboflow 平台上训练。下方提供了一段分步视频微调教程。
|
||
|
||
[](https://youtu.be/-OvpdLAElFA)
|
||
|
||
## 文档
|
||
|
||
访问我们的[文档网站](https://rfdetr.roboflow.com),了解更多关于如何使用 RF-DETR 的信息。
|
||
|
||
## 许可证
|
||
|
||
许可按组件划分:
|
||
|
||
- 开源的 `rfdetr` 包及 Apache 指定的模型权重采用 Apache License 2.0 许可。请参阅 [`LICENSE`](LICENSE)。
|
||
- Plus 组件,包括 `rfdetr_plus` 扩展以及 RF-DETR-XL / RF-DETR-2XL 检测模型,采用 PML 1.0 许可。
|
||
|
||
## 致谢
|
||
|
||
我们的工作建立在 [LW-DETR](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2406.03459),、[DINOv2](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.07193), 和 [Deformable DETR](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.04159). 之上。感谢这些项目的作者出色的工作!
|
||
|
||
## 引用
|
||
|
||
如果你觉得我们的工作对你的研究有帮助,请考虑引用以下 BibTeX 条目。
|
||
|
||
```bibtex
|
||
@inproceedings{robinson2026rfdetr,
|
||
title = {RF-DETR: Real-Time Detection Transformer},
|
||
author = {Robinson, Isaac and Robicheaux, Peter and Popov, Matvei and Ramanan, Deva and Peri, Neehar},
|
||
booktitle = {International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)},
|
||
year = {2026},
|
||
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.09554}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 贡献
|
||
|
||
我们欢迎并感谢所有贡献!如果你发现任何问题或 bug、有疑问,或想建议新功能,请[提交 issue](https://github.com/roboflow/rf-detr/issues/new) 或 pull request。通过分享你的想法和改进,你正在帮助让 RF-DETR 变得更好。
|
||
|
||
<p align="center">
|
||
<a href="https://youtube.com/roboflow"><img src="https://media.roboflow.com/notebooks/template/icons/purple/youtube.png?ik-sdk-version=javascript-1.4.3&updatedAt=1672949634652" width="3%"/></a>
|
||
<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ultralytics/assets/main/social/logo-transparent.png" width="3%"/>
|
||
<a href="https://roboflow.com"><img src="https://media.roboflow.com/notebooks/template/icons/purple/roboflow-app.png?ik-sdk-version=javascript-1.4.3&updatedAt=1672949746649" width="3%"/></a>
|
||
<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ultralytics/assets/main/social/logo-transparent.png" width="3%"/>
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<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/roboflow-ai/"><img src="https://media.roboflow.com/notebooks/template/icons/purple/linkedin.png?ik-sdk-version=javascript-1.4.3&updatedAt=1672949633691" width="3%"/></a>
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||
<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ultralytics/assets/main/social/logo-transparent.png" width="3%"/>
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||
<a href="https://docs.roboflow.com"><img src="https://media.roboflow.com/notebooks/template/icons/purple/knowledge.png?ik-sdk-version=javascript-1.4.3&updatedAt=1672949634511" width="3%"/></a>
|
||
<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ultralytics/assets/main/social/logo-transparent.png" width="3%"/>
|
||
<a href="https://discuss.roboflow.com"><img src="https://media.roboflow.com/notebooks/template/icons/purple/forum.png?ik-sdk-version=javascript-1.4.3&updatedAt=1672949633584" width="3%"/></a>
|
||
<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ultralytics/assets/main/social/logo-transparent.png" width="3%"/>
|
||
<a href="https://blog.roboflow.com"><img src="https://media.roboflow.com/notebooks/template/icons/purple/blog.png?ik-sdk-version=javascript-1.4.3&updatedAt=1672949633605" width="3%"/></a>
|
||
</p>
|