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本文档由 WeHub 基于上游 README 翻译整理,属于社区翻译,非官方中文文档。
English · 原始项目 · 上游 README
原作者、版权与许可证归属以原始项目及本仓库 LICENSE 文件为准。

RF-DETR:实时 SOTA 目标检测、实例分割与关键点检测


RF-DETR 是 Roboflow 开发的面向目标检测、实例分割与关键点检测(预览版)的实时 Transformer 架构。基于 DINOv2 视觉 TransformerVision Transformer)骨干网络,RF-DETR 在 Microsoft COCORF100-VL. 上实现了最先进的精度与延迟权衡。

RF-DETR 采用 DINOv2 视觉 Transformer 骨干网络,并通过统一、一致的 API 支持目标检测、实例分割与关键点检测(预览版)。开源的 rfdetr 包及 Apache 指定的模型以 Apache 2.0 发布,而 Plus 组件(rfdetr_plus,包括 RF-DETR-XL/2XL 检测模型)则采用 PML 1.0 许可。

已发布的 RF-DETR 各规格均通过神经架构搜索(NASNeural Architecture Search)创建——同一 NAS 方法现已在 Roboflow 平台, 提供,你可据此为自有数据集发现最佳架构。详见 NAS 文档.

https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/add23fd1-266f-4538-8809-d7dd5767e8e6

安装

要安装 RF-DETR,请在配备 pipPython>=3.10) 环境中安装 rfdetr 包。

pip install rfdetr
从源码安装

从源码安装 RF-DETR,可体验尚未正式发布的新功能与改进。请注意,这些更新仍在开发中,稳定性可能不及最新正式发布版本。

pip install https://github.com/roboflow/rf-detr/archive/refs/heads/develop.zip

基准测试

RF-DETR 在目标检测与实例分割上均达到最先进水平,基准测试结果报告于 Microsoft COCO 与 RF100-VLRF100-VL 仅用于检测)。下图与下表将 RF-DETR 与其他顶尖实时模型在检测与分割的精度、延迟方面进行对比。所有延迟数据均在 NVIDIA T4 上测得,使用 TensorRT、FP16,批大小为 1。完整基准测试方法与可复现性说明,请参阅 roboflow/sab.

检测

rf_detr_1-4_latency_accuracy_object_detection
查看目标检测基准数据
架构 COCO AP50 COCO AP50:95 RF100VL AP50 RF100VL AP50:95 延迟 (ms) 参数量 (M) 分辨率 许可证
RF-DETR-N 67.6 48.4 85.0 57.7 2.3 30.5 384x384 Apache 2.0
RF-DETR-S 72.1 53.0 86.7 60.2 3.5 32.1 512x512 Apache 2.0
RF-DETR-M 73.6 54.7 87.4 61.2 4.4 33.7 576x576 Apache 2.0
RF-DETR-L 75.1 56.5 88.2 62.2 6.8 33.9 704x704 Apache 2.0
RF-DETR-XL △ 77.4 58.6 88.5 62.9 11.5 126.4 700x700 PML 1.0
RF-DETR-2XL △ 78.5 60.1 89.0 63.2 17.2 126.9 880x880 PML 1.0
YOLO11-N 52.0 37.4 81.4 55.3 2.5 2.6 640x640 AGPL-3.0
YOLO11-S 59.7 44.4 82.3 56.2 3.2 9.4 640x640 AGPL-3.0
YOLO11-M 64.1 48.6 82.5 56.5 5.1 20.1 640x640 AGPL-3.0
YOLO11-L 64.9 49.9 82.2 56.5 6.5 25.3 640x640 AGPL-3.0
YOLO11-X 66.1 50.9 81.7 56.2 10.5 56.9 640x640 AGPL-3.0
YOLO26-N 55.8 40.3 76.7 52.0 1.7 2.6 640x640 AGPL-3.0
YOLO26-S 64.3 47.7 82.7 57.0 2.6 9.4 640x640 AGPL-3.0
YOLO26-M 69.7 52.5 84.4 58.7 4.4 20.1 640x640 AGPL-3.0
YOLO26-L 71.1 54.1 85.0 59.3 5.7 25.3 640x640 AGPL-3.0
YOLO26-X 74.0 56.9 85.6 60.0 9.6 56.9 640x640 AGPL-3.0
LW-DETR-T 60.7 42.9 84.7 57.1 1.9 12.1 640x640 Apache 2.0
LW-DETR-S 66.8 48.0 85.0 57.4 2.6 14.6 640x640 Apache 2.0
LW-DETR-M 72.0 52.6 86.8 59.8 4.4 28.2 640x640 Apache 2.0
LW-DETR-L 74.6 56.1 87.4 61.5 6.9 46.8 640x640 Apache 2.0
LW-DETR-X 76.9 58.3 87.9 62.1 13.0 118.0 640x640 Apache 2.0
D-FINE-N 60.2 42.7 84.4 58.2 2.1 3.8 640x640 Apache 2.0
D-FINE-S 67.6 50.6 85.3 60.3 3.5 10.2 640x640 Apache 2.0
D-FINE-M 72.6 55.0 85.5 60.6 5.4 19.2 640x640 Apache 2.0
D-FINE-L 74.9 57.2 86.4 61.6 7.5 31.0 640x640 Apache 2.0
D-FINE-X 76.8 59.3 86.9 62.2 11.5 62.0 640x640 Apache 2.0

实例分割(Segmentation

rf_detr_1-4_latency_accuracy_instance_segmentation
查看实例分割基准测试数据
Architecture COCO AP50 COCO AP50:95 Latency (ms) Params (M) Resolution License
RF-DETR-Seg-N 63.0 40.3 3.4 33.6 312x312 Apache 2.0
RF-DETR-Seg-S 66.2 43.1 4.4 33.7 384x384 Apache 2.0
RF-DETR-Seg-M 68.4 45.3 5.9 35.7 432x432 Apache 2.0
RF-DETR-Seg-L 70.5 47.1 8.8 36.2 504x504 Apache 2.0
RF-DETR-Seg-XL 72.2 48.8 13.5 38.1 624x624 Apache 2.0
RF-DETR-Seg-2XL 73.1 49.9 21.8 38.6 768x768 Apache 2.0
YOLOv8-N-Seg 45.6 28.3 3.5 3.4 640x640 AGPL-3.0
YOLOv8-S-Seg 53.8 34.0 4.2 11.8 640x640 AGPL-3.0
YOLOv8-M-Seg 58.2 37.3 7.0 27.3 640x640 AGPL-3.0
YOLOv8-L-Seg 60.5 39.0 9.7 46.0 640x640 AGPL-3.0
YOLOv8-XL-Seg 61.3 39.5 14.0 71.8 640x640 AGPL-3.0
YOLOv11-N-Seg 47.8 30.0 3.6 2.9 640x640 AGPL-3.0
YOLOv11-S-Seg 55.4 35.0 4.6 10.1 640x640 AGPL-3.0
YOLOv11-M-Seg 60.0 38.5 6.9 22.4 640x640 AGPL-3.0
YOLOv11-L-Seg 61.5 39.5 8.3 27.6 640x640 AGPL-3.0
YOLOv11-XL-Seg 62.4 40.1 13.7 62.1 640x640 AGPL-3.0
YOLO26-N-Seg 54.3 34.7 2.31 2.7 640x640 AGPL-3.0
YOLO26-S-Seg 62.4 40.2 3.47 10.4 640x640 AGPL-3.0
YOLO26-M-Seg 67.8 44.0 6.32 23.6 640x640 AGPL-3.0
YOLO26-L-Seg 69.8 45.5 7.58 28.0 640x640 AGPL-3.0
YOLO26-X-Seg 71.6 46.8 12.92 62.8 640x640 AGPL-3.0

关键点(Keypoints

RF-DETR Keypoint mAP vs latency chart comparing against YOLO26-pose and YOLO11-pose on MS COCO
查看关键点检测基准测试数据
Architecture COCO AP50:95 Latency (ms) License
RF-DETR Keypoint (Preview) 71.8 9.7 Apache 2.0
YOLO11-pose N 48.9 3.2 AGPL-3.0
YOLO11-pose S 57.5 3.4 AGPL-3.0
YOLO11-pose M 64.2 5.2 AGPL-3.0
YOLO11-pose L 65.2 6.6 AGPL-3.0
YOLO11-pose X 68.6 10.6 AGPL-3.0
YOLO26-pose N 55.9 1.9 AGPL-3.0
YOLO26-pose S 62.0 2.7 AGPL-3.0
YOLO26-pose M 68.0 4.6 AGPL-3.0
YOLO26-pose L 69.2 5.9 AGPL-3.0
YOLO26-pose X 71.0 9.8 AGPL-3.0

关键点基准测试报告 AP50:95(基于 OKS);这是 COCO 关键点对比的标准指标。

运行模型

检测

RF-DETR 提供多种模型尺寸,从 Nano 到 2XLarge。要使用其他模型尺寸,请将下方代码片段中的类名替换为表格中的其他类。

import supervision as sv
from rfdetr import RFDETRMedium
from rfdetr.assets.coco_classes import COCO_CLASSES

model = RFDETRMedium()

detections = model.predict("https://media.roboflow.com/dog.jpg", threshold=0.5)

labels = [f"{COCO_CLASSES[class_id]}" for class_id in detections.class_id]

annotated_image = sv.BoxAnnotator().annotate(detections.metadata["source_image"], detections)
annotated_image = sv.LabelAnnotator().annotate(annotated_image, detections, labels)

注意: COCO_CLASSES 适用于 COCO 预训练模型。对于微调模型,请改用 detections.data["class_name"] —— 它会从 checkpoint 解析类名,并适用于 COCO 和自定义数据集。

使用 Inference 运行 RF-DETR

你也可以使用 Inference 库运行 RF-DETR 模型。要切换模型尺寸,请从下方表格中选择相应的 inference 包别名。

import requests
import supervision as sv
from PIL import Image
from inference import get_model

model = get_model("rfdetr-medium")

image = Image.open(requests.get("https://media.roboflow.com/dog.jpg", stream=True).raw)
predictions = model.infer(image, confidence=0.5)[0]
detections = sv.Detections.from_inference(predictions)

annotated_image = sv.BoxAnnotator().annotate(image, detections)
annotated_image = sv.LabelAnnotator().annotate(annotated_image, detections)
Size RF-DETR package class Inference package alias COCO AP50 COCO AP50:95 Latency (ms) Params (M) Resolution License
N RFDETRNano rfdetr-nano 67.6 48.4 2.3 30.5 384x384 Apache 2.0
S RFDETRSmall rfdetr-small 72.1 53.0 3.5 32.1 512x512 Apache 2.0
M RFDETRMedium rfdetr-medium 73.6 54.7 4.4 33.7 576x576 Apache 2.0
L RFDETRLarge rfdetr-large 75.1 56.5 6.8 33.9 704x704 Apache 2.0
XL RFDETRXLarge rfdetr-xlarge 77.4 58.6 11.5 126.4 700x700 PML 1.0
2XL RFDETR2XLarge rfdetr-2xlarge 78.5 60.1 17.2 126.9 880x880 PML 1.0

△ 需要 rfdetr_plus 扩展:pip install rfdetr[plus]。详见 许可证

实例分割(Segmentation

RF-DETR 支持实例分割,模型尺寸从 Nano 到 2XLarge。要使用其他模型尺寸,请将下方代码片段中的类名替换为表格中的其他类。

import supervision as sv
from rfdetr import RFDETRSegMedium
from rfdetr.assets.coco_classes import COCO_CLASSES

model = RFDETRSegMedium()

detections = model.predict("https://media.roboflow.com/dog.jpg", threshold=0.5)

labels = [f"{COCO_CLASSES[class_id]}" for class_id in detections.class_id]

annotated_image = sv.MaskAnnotator().annotate(detections.metadata["source_image"], detections)
annotated_image = sv.LabelAnnotator().annotate(annotated_image, detections, labels)
使用 Inference 运行 RF-DETR-Seg

你也可以使用 Inference 库运行 RF-DETR-Seg 模型。要切换模型尺寸,请从下表中选择相应的 inference 包别名。

import requests
import supervision as sv
from PIL import Image
from inference import get_model

model = get_model("rfdetr-seg-medium")

image = Image.open(requests.get("https://media.roboflow.com/dog.jpg", stream=True).raw)
predictions = model.infer(image, confidence=0.5)[0]
detections = sv.Detections.from_inference(predictions)

annotated_image = sv.MaskAnnotator().annotate(image, detections)
annotated_image = sv.LabelAnnotator().annotate(annotated_image, detections)
Size RF-DETR package class Inference package alias COCO AP50 COCO AP50:95 Latency (ms) Params (M) Resolution License
N RFDETRSegNano rfdetr-seg-nano 63.0 40.3 3.4 33.6 312x312 Apache 2.0
S RFDETRSegSmall rfdetr-seg-small 66.2 43.1 4.4 33.7 384x384 Apache 2.0
M RFDETRSegMedium rfdetr-seg-medium 68.4 45.3 5.9 35.7 432x432 Apache 2.0
L RFDETRSegLarge rfdetr-seg-large 70.5 47.1 8.8 36.2 504x504 Apache 2.0
XL RFDETRSegXLarge rfdetr-seg-xlarge 72.2 48.8 13.5 38.1 624x624 Apache 2.0
2XL RFDETRSeg2XLarge rfdetr-seg-2xlarge 73.1 49.9 21.8 38.6 768x768 Apache 2.0

关键点

RF-DETR 支持关键点检测(预览版),使用 RFDETRKeypointPreview,在 COCO 人体关键点上预训练。

from rfdetr import RFDETRKeypointPreview

model = RFDETRKeypointPreview()
key_points = model.predict("image.jpg", threshold=0.5)
Size RF-DETR package class COCO AP50:95 Latency (ms) Params (M) Resolution License
Keypoint (Preview) RFDETRKeypointPreview 71.8 9.7 126.4 576x576 Apache 2.0

训练模型

RF-DETR 支持目标检测、实例分割和关键点检测(预览版)的训练。你可以在 Google Colab 中训练模型,或直接在 Roboflow 平台上训练。下方提供了一段分步视频微调教程。

rf-detr-tutorial-banner

文档

访问我们的文档网站,了解更多关于如何使用 RF-DETR 的信息。

许可证

许可按组件划分:

  • 开源的 rfdetr 包及 Apache 指定的模型权重采用 Apache License 2.0 许可。请参阅 LICENSE
  • Plus 组件,包括 rfdetr_plus 扩展以及 RF-DETR-XL / RF-DETR-2XL 检测模型,采用 PML 1.0 许可。

致谢

我们的工作建立在 LW-DETR,、DINOv2, 和 Deformable DETR. 之上。感谢这些项目的作者出色的工作!

引用

如果你觉得我们的工作对你的研究有帮助,请考虑引用以下 BibTeX 条目。

@inproceedings{robinson2026rfdetr,
  title     = {RF-DETR: Real-Time Detection Transformer},
  author    = {Robinson, Isaac and Robicheaux, Peter and Popov, Matvei and Ramanan, Deva and Peri, Neehar},
  booktitle = {International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)},
  year      = {2026},
  url       = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.09554}
}

贡献

我们欢迎并感谢所有贡献!如果你发现任何问题或 bug、有疑问,或想建议新功能,请提交 issue 或 pull request。通过分享你的想法和改进,你正在帮助让 RF-DETR 变得更好。