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# AMD GPU 支持
## 1. 环境配置
### 1.1 基础环境
拉取适配了 AMD ROCm 生态的 ms-swift 镜像，并参照以下命令启动容器。
如果用户需要运行更新版本的 ms-swift，可以使用 pip 升级或基于源码安装更新（建议安装时添加 `--no-deps` 选项以避免自动升级其他依赖可能引起的问题）。
```bash
IMAGE_NAME=amdagi/modelscope:ubuntu22.04-rocm7.2.0-py312-torch2.10.0-vllm0.18.1-modelscope1.35.1-swift4.1.0
docker pull ${IMAGE_NAME}
CONTAINER_NAME=swift_test
docker run -it --network=host --ipc=host --privileged --group-add video \
--device=/dev/dri --device=/dev/kfd \
--shm-size 512G --ulimit memlock=-1 \
--security-opt seccomp=unconfined --cap-add SYS_PTRACE \
--name ${CONTAINER_NAME} \
${IMAGE_NAME} \
/bin/bash
```
### 1.2 环境检查
- 确认 container 环境中 pytorch 正确识别 AMD GPU。
```bash
python -c "import torch;print(torch.cuda.is_available())" # output: True
```
- 检查 GPU 的拓扑连接及 NUMA：`rocm-smi --showtopo`
```
============================ ROCm System Management Interface ============================
WARNING: AMD GPU device(s) is/are in a low-power state. Check power control/runtime_status
================================ Weight between two GPUs =================================
GPU0 GPU1 GPU2 GPU3 GPU4 GPU5 GPU6 GPU7
GPU0 0 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
GPU1 15 0 15 15 15 15 15 15
GPU2 15 15 0 15 15 15 15 15
GPU3 15 15 15 0 15 15 15 15
GPU4 15 15 15 15 0 15 15 15
GPU5 15 15 15 15 15 0 15 15
GPU6 15 15 15 15 15 15 0 15
GPU7 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 0
================================= Hops between two GPUs ==================================
GPU0 GPU1 GPU2 GPU3 GPU4 GPU5 GPU6 GPU7
GPU0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
GPU1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
GPU2 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
GPU3 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
GPU4 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
GPU5 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
GPU6 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1
GPU7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
=============================== Link Type between two GPUs ===============================
GPU0 GPU1 GPU2 GPU3 GPU4 GPU5 GPU6 GPU7
GPU0 0 XGMI XGMI XGMI XGMI XGMI XGMI XGMI
GPU1 XGMI 0 XGMI XGMI XGMI XGMI XGMI XGMI
GPU2 XGMI XGMI 0 XGMI XGMI XGMI XGMI XGMI
GPU3 XGMI XGMI XGMI 0 XGMI XGMI XGMI XGMI
GPU4 XGMI XGMI XGMI XGMI 0 XGMI XGMI XGMI
GPU5 XGMI XGMI XGMI XGMI XGMI 0 XGMI XGMI
GPU6 XGMI XGMI XGMI XGMI XGMI XGMI 0 XGMI
GPU7 XGMI XGMI XGMI XGMI XGMI XGMI XGMI 0
======================================= Numa Nodes =======================================
GPU[0] : (Topology) Numa Node: 0
GPU[0] : (Topology) Numa Affinity: 0
GPU[1] : (Topology) Numa Node: 0
GPU[1] : (Topology) Numa Affinity: 0
GPU[2] : (Topology) Numa Node: 0
GPU[2] : (Topology) Numa Affinity: 0
GPU[3] : (Topology) Numa Node: 0
GPU[3] : (Topology) Numa Affinity: 0
GPU[4] : (Topology) Numa Node: 1
GPU[4] : (Topology) Numa Affinity: 1
GPU[5] : (Topology) Numa Node: 1
GPU[5] : (Topology) Numa Affinity: 1
GPU[6] : (Topology) Numa Node: 1
GPU[6] : (Topology) Numa Affinity: 1
GPU[7] : (Topology) Numa Node: 1
GPU[7] : (Topology) Numa Affinity: 1
================================== End of ROCm SMI Log ===================================
```
- 查看 GPU 利用率及显存占用等信息（`rocm-smi` 或者 `rocm-smi -u --showmeminfo vram`）
```
# output of 'rocm-smi'
============================================ ROCm System Management Interface ============================================
====================================================== Concise Info ======================================================
Device Node IDs Temp Power Partitions SCLK MCLK Fan Perf PwrCap VRAM% GPU%
(DID, GUID) (Junction) (Socket) (Mem, Compute, ID)
==========================================================================================================================
0 2 0x74a2, 1017 43.0°C 155.0W NPS1, SPX, 0 94Mhz 900Mhz 0% auto 650.0W 0% 0%
1 3 0x74a2, 47713 41.0°C 155.0W NPS1, SPX, 0 91Mhz 900Mhz 0% auto 650.0W 0% 0%
2 4 0x74a2, 37449 45.0°C 159.0W NPS1, SPX, 0 95Mhz 900Mhz 0% auto 650.0W 0% 0%
3 5 0x74a2, 11217 41.0°C 155.0W NPS1, SPX, 0 95Mhz 900Mhz 0% auto 650.0W 0% 0%
4 6 0x74a2, 41880 44.0°C 160.0W NPS1, SPX, 0 91Mhz 900Mhz 0% auto 650.0W 0% 0%
5 7 0x74a2, 6656 42.0°C 157.0W NPS1, SPX, 0 95Mhz 900Mhz 0% auto 650.0W 0% 0%
6 8 0x74a2, 12840 45.0°C 160.0W NPS1, SPX, 0 96Mhz 900Mhz 0% auto 650.0W 0% 0%
7 9 0x74a2, 35760 43.0°C 158.0W NPS1, SPX, 0 107Mhz 900Mhz 0% auto 650.0W 0% 0%
==========================================================================================================================
================================================== End of ROCm SMI Log ===================================================
# output of 'rocm-smi -u --showmeminfo vram'
============================ ROCm System Management Interface ============================
=================================== % time GPU is busy ===================================
GPU[0] : GPU use (%): 0
GPU[0] : GFX Activity: 3862538534
GPU[1] : GPU use (%): 0
GPU[1] : GFX Activity: 4053246251
GPU[2] : GPU use (%): 0
GPU[2] : GFX Activity: 3114103535
GPU[3] : GPU use (%): 0
GPU[3] : GFX Activity: 4026776444
GPU[4] : GPU use (%): 0
GPU[4] : GFX Activity: 1224255679
GPU[5] : GPU use (%): 0
GPU[5] : GFX Activity: 1191191242
GPU[6] : GPU use (%): 0
GPU[6] : GFX Activity: 1184652679
GPU[7] : GPU use (%): 0
GPU[7] : GFX Activity: 2145209382
==========================================================================================
================================== Memory Usage (Bytes) ==================================
GPU[0] : VRAM Total Memory (B): 206141652992
GPU[0] : VRAM Total Used Memory (B): 297611264
GPU[1] : VRAM Total Memory (B): 206141652992
GPU[1] : VRAM Total Used Memory (B): 297623552
GPU[2] : VRAM Total Memory (B): 206141652992
GPU[2] : VRAM Total Used Memory (B): 297623552
GPU[3] : VRAM Total Memory (B): 206141652992
GPU[3] : VRAM Total Used Memory (B): 297623552
GPU[4] : VRAM Total Memory (B): 206141652992
GPU[4] : VRAM Total Used Memory (B): 297623552
GPU[5] : VRAM Total Memory (B): 206141652992
GPU[5] : VRAM Total Used Memory (B): 297623552
GPU[6] : VRAM Total Memory (B): 206141652992
GPU[6] : VRAM Total Used Memory (B): 297623552
GPU[7] : VRAM Total Memory (B): 206141652992
GPU[7] : VRAM Total Used Memory (B): 297623552
==========================================================================================
================================== End of ROCm SMI Log ===================================
```
## 2. 运行示例
### 2.1 使用 Megatron-Swift 全量微调 Qwen3.5 模型
AMD GPU 显存相对较大，因此可以通过同时对以下参数进行联合调优，以提升训练吞吐性能。
- 并行度调优（TP/PP/EP等）：GPU 单卡显存较大使得用户可以尽可能减小并行度切分带来的通信开销（优先级 PP/EP > TP）
- 显存允许的情况下关闭 optimizer cpu offload：设置 `--optimizer_cpu_offload false`
- 显存允许的情况下调整 activation/gradient checkpointing：设置 `--recompute_granularity none`，或者 `--recompute_granularity selective` 配合 `--recompute_modules` 进行细粒度的控制
- 对于 MoE 模型，建议设置 `export NVTE_USE_GROUPED_GEMM_TRITON=1` 以使用 triton 实现的 grouped gemm kernel
- 对于带有 GatedDeltaNet 结构的模型，建议设置 `USE_MCORE_GDN=1` 使用 mcore 的实现版本
- 为避免在某些 AMD GPU 上可能出现的问题，保证性能更稳定，建议设置 `export HSA_NO_SCRATCH_RECLAIM=1`
单机训练：
```bash
export HSA_NO_SCRATCH_RECLAIM=1
export NVTE_USE_GROUPED_GEMM_TRITON=1
output_dir=${PWD}/megatron_output/Qwen3.5-35B-A3B
mkdir -p ${output_dir}
current_time=$(date "+%Y.%m.%d-%H.%M.%S")
log_file=${output_dir}/"1node_full_megatron_Qwen3.5-35B-A3B_${current_time}.log"
PYTORCH_CUDA_ALLOC_CONF='expandable_segments:True' \
NPROC_PER_NODE=8 \
MAX_PIXELS=1003520 \
VIDEO_MAX_PIXELS=50176 \
FPS_MAX_FRAMES=12 \
SKIP_MULTIMODAL_MTP_VALIDATION=1 \
USE_MCORE_GDN=1 \
megatron sft \
--model Qwen/Qwen3.5-35B-A3B \
--dataset 'AI-ModelScope/LongAlpaca-12k' \
--save_safetensors true \
--load_from_cache_file true \
--tuner_type full \
--add_non_thinking_prefix true \
--split_dataset_ratio 0.01 \
--tensor_model_parallel_size 1 \
--pipeline_model_parallel_size 1 \
--expert_model_parallel_size 8 \
--sequence_parallel true \
--moe_permute_fusion true \
--moe_grouped_gemm true \
--moe_shared_expert_overlap true \
--moe_aux_loss_coeff 1e-6 \
--moe_expert_capacity_factor 2 \
--micro_batch_size 1 \
--global_batch_size 8 \
--recompute_granularity selective \
--recompute_modules core_attn mlp moe \
--gradient_accumulation_fusion false \
--num_train_epochs 500 \
--group_by_length true \
--finetune true \
--freeze_llm false \
--freeze_vit false \
--freeze_aligner false \
--cross_entropy_loss_fusion true \
--lr 1e-5 \
--lr_warmup_fraction 0.05 \
--min_lr 1e-6 \
--weight_decay 0.1 \
--adam_beta2 0.95 \
--eval_steps 500 \
--save_steps 500 \
--save_total_limit 10 \
--logging_steps 1 \
--max_length 16384 \
--dataloader_num_workers 8 \
--dataset_num_proc 8 \
--no_save_optim true \
--no_save_rng true \
--optimizer_cpu_offload false \
--attention_backend flash \
--padding_free false \
--output_dir ${output_dir} \
2>&1 | tee ${log_file}
```
多机训练：
```bash
export NNODES=2 # 此处以 2 节点为例
export NODE_RANK=0 # 主节点设置为 0，从节点设置为 1
export MASTER_ADDR=<MASTER_NODE_IP> # 根据主节点 ip 设置
export MASTER_PORT=29500 # 设置通信端口
export NCCL_SOCKET_IFNAME=ens50f1np1 # 根据机器实际通信网口名设置，可通过 ifconfig 查看
export GLOO_SOCKET_IFNAME=ens50f1np1 # 根据机器实际通信网口名设置，可通过 ifconfig 查看
export NCCL_IB_HCA=mlx5_0,mlx5_1,mlx5_2,mlx5_3 # 根据实际IB网卡名设置，可通过 ibv_devices 查看
export NCCL_IB_GID_INDEX=3
# 训练脚本主体：参照单机训练脚本
...
```
### 2.2 使用 Megatron-Swift 对 Qwen3.5 模型做强化学习训练
```bash
# 单机训练样例
export HSA_NO_SCRATCH_RECLAIM=1
export NVTE_USE_GROUPED_GEMM_TRITON=1
SYSTEM_PROMPT="""You are a helpful math assistant. Solve the problem step by step and put your final answer within \\boxed{}."""
CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 \
NPROC_PER_NODE=8 \
PYTORCH_CUDA_ALLOC_CONF='expandable_segments:True' \
megatron rlhf \
--rlhf_type grpo \
--model Qwen/Qwen3.5-35B-A3B \
--save_safetensors true \
--enable_thinking false \
--merge_lora true \
--context_parallel_size 1 \
--tensor_model_parallel_size 1 \
--expert_model_parallel_size 8 \
--pipeline_model_parallel_size 1 \
--moe_permute_fusion true \
--dataset open-r1/DAPO-Math-17k-Processed \
--system "$SYSTEM_PROMPT" \
--num_train_epochs 1 \
--global_batch_size 64 \
--micro_batch_size 1 \
--steps_per_generation 2 \
--num_generations 8 \
--reward_funcs accuracy \
--use_vllm true \
--vllm_mode colocate \
--vllm_gpu_memory_utilization 0.5 \
--vllm_tensor_parallel_size 2 \
--vllm_max_model_len 9192 \
--max_length 1000 \
--max_completion_length 8192 \
--tuner_type lora \
--target_modules all-linear \
--lr 5e-5 \
--bf16 true \
--beta 0.00 \
--epsilon 0.2 \
--epsilon_high 0.28 \
--dynamic_sample false \
--overlong_filter true \
--loss_type grpo \
--sleep_level 1 \
--offload_model true \
--offload_bridge false \
--offload_optimizer true \
--logging_steps 1 \
--recompute_granularity none \
--gradient_accumulation_fusion false \
--finetune \
--dataloader_num_workers 8 \
--dataset_num_proc 8 \
--no_save_optim \
--no_save_rng \
--save_steps 20 \
--attention_backend flash \
--moe_expert_capacity_factor 2 \
--temperature 1.0 \
--padding_free false \
--sequence_parallel true \
--log_completions true \
--report_to tensorboard
```
## 已知问题
- 强化学习训练：
- 在强化学习训练中，如果使用 vLLM 作为推理引擎，需要 vLLM>=0.11.0。建议使用 ROCm7.0 或者我们提供的镜像以避免出现 sleep mode memory leak 问题。
- 在使用 [Ray Megatron](../../source/Instruction/Ray.md) 而非 `torchrun` 的方式进行多 GPU/Node 训练时，不设置 `CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES`/`HIP_VISIBLE_DEVICES`等，以避免冲突问题。
- MoE 模型训练：
- MoE 模型建议增加环境变量 `NVTE_USE_GROUPED_GEMM_TRITON=1` 和 `--gradient_accumulation_fusion false` 以避免偶发的GPU卡死问题。
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