wehub-resource-sync
342 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
342 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
<!-- WEHUB_ZH_README -->
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> [!NOTE]
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> 本文档由 WeHub 基于上游 README 翻译整理，属于社区翻译，非官方中文文档。
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> [English](./README.en.md) · [原始项目](https://github.com/jhspetersson/fselect) · [上游 README](https://github.com/jhspetersson/fselect/blob/HEAD/README.md)
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> 原作者、版权与许可证归属以原始项目及本仓库 LICENSE 文件为准。
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# fselect
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使用类 SQL 查询查找文件
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[](https://crates.io/crates/fselect)
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[](https://github.com/jhspetersson/fselect/actions/workflows/rust.yml)
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### 为何使用 fselect？
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虽然它通常不会完全取代传统的 `find` 和 `ls`，但 **fselect** 具备以下优点：
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* 类 SQL（并非真正的 SQL，但语法非常宽松！）语法，易于人类理解
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* 复杂查询，可通过 [子查询](docs/usage.md#subqueries-for-in-and-exists) 在多个目录间比较结果
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* 聚合、统计、日期及其他 [函数](docs/usage.md#functions)
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* 在压缩包内搜索
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* 支持 `.gitignore`、`.hgignore` 和 `.dockerignore`（实验性）
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* 按图片宽高、EXIF 元数据搜索
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* 按音频元数据搜索（MP3、FLAC、Ogg Vorbis、Opus、M4A/AAC、WAV、AIFF、APE、WavPack、Musepack、Speex）
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* 按扩展文件属性、POSIX ACL 及 Linux capabilities 搜索
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* 按文件哈希搜索
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* 按 MIME 类型搜索
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* 常见文件类型快捷方式
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* [交互模式](docs/usage.md#interactive-mode)
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* 支持 `plocate` 和 `Everything` 索引，实现闪电般快速搜索
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* 多种输出格式（CSV、JSON 等）
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更多功能正在开发中！
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### 安装
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#### 从源码安装最新版本
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* 安装 [Rust 与 Cargo](https://www.rust-lang.org/en-US/install.html) 及其依赖以构建二进制文件
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* 运行 `cargo install fselect`
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你可以选择构建带快速索引搜索支持的版本：[voidtools *Everything*](https://www.voidtools.com/)
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在 Windows 上（`--features everything`，然后传入 `--everything`），或 Linux 上的 [*plocate*](https://plocate.sesse.net/)
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（`--features plocate`，然后传入 `--plocate`）。详见
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[使用指南](docs/usage.md#index-backed-search-everything--plocate)。
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#### Debian/Ubuntu
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[deb 软件包](https://github.com/jhspetersson/fselect/releases/download/0.10.2/fselect_0.10.2-1_amd64.deb)
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#### Fedora/RHEL/openSUSE
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[rpm 软件包](https://github.com/jhspetersson/fselect/releases/download/0.10.2/fselect-0.10.2-1.x86_64.rpm)
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#### Arch Linux
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[AUR 软件包](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/fselect/),，感谢 [@asm0dey](https://github.com/asm0dey)
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[AUR bin 软件包](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/fselect-bin/),，感谢 [@4censord](https://github.com/4censord)
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#### NixOS
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[`fselect` in `nixpkgs`](https://github.com/filalex77/nixpkgs/blob/1eced92263395896c10cea69e5f60e8be5f43aeb/pkgs/tools/misc/fselect/default.nix),，感谢 [@filalex77](https://github.com/filalex77)
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#### 其他 Linux 发行版
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* x86_64：[glibc](https://github.com/jhspetersson/fselect/releases/download/0.10.2/fselect-x86_64-linux.gz) · [musl（静态）](https://github.com/jhspetersson/fselect/releases/download/0.10.2/fselect-x86_64-linux-musl.gz)
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* aarch64：[glibc](https://github.com/jhspetersson/fselect/releases/download/0.10.2/fselect-aarch64-linux.gz) · [musl（静态）](https://github.com/jhspetersson/fselect/releases/download/0.10.2/fselect-aarch64-linux-musl.gz)
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#### Windows 64 位
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提供预编译 [二进制文件](https://github.com/jhspetersson/fselect/releases/download/0.10.2/fselect-x86_64-win.zip)
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#### 通过 winget 在 Windows 上安装
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* 安装 [winget](https://github.com/microsoft/winget-cli)
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* 运行 `winget install -e --id fselect.fselect`
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#### 通过 Chocolatey 在 Windows 上安装
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* 安装 [Chocolatey](https://chocolatey.org/install)
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* 运行 `choco install fselect`
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#### 通过 Scoop 在 Windows 上安装
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* 安装 [Scoop](https://scoop.sh)
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* 运行 `scoop install fselect`
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#### macOS
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预编译二进制文件可在 GitHub 下载页面获取（`gunzip`，然后 `chmod +x fselect`）：
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* [Intel（x86_64）](https://github.com/jhspetersson/fselect/releases/download/0.10.2/fselect-x86_64-mac.gz)
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* [Apple Silicon（aarch64）](https://github.com/jhspetersson/fselect/releases/download/0.10.2/fselect-aarch64-mac.gz)
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#### 通过 Homebrew 在 Mac 上安装
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* 安装 [brew](https://brew.sh)
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* 运行 `brew install fselect`
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#### 通过 MacPorts 在 Mac 上安装
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* 安装 [MacPorts](https://www.macports.org)
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* 运行：
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```
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sudo port selfupdate
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sudo port install fselect
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```
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### 用法
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fselect [ARGS] COLUMN[, COLUMN...] [from ROOT[, ROOT...]] [where EXPR] [group by COLUMNS] [order by COLUMNS] [limit N] [offset N] [into FORMAT]
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### 交互模式
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fselect -i
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### 文档
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[对所有支持功能的详细说明。](docs/usage.md)
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### 示例
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查找临时文件或配置文件（完整路径和大小）：
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fselect size, path from /home/user where name = '*.cfg' or name = '*.tmp'
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Windows 用户可以省略引号：
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fselect size, path from C:\Users\user where name = *.cfg or name = *.tmp
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或者将所有参数放在引号中，例如：
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fselect "name from /home/user/tmp where size > 0"
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在带空格的目录名中搜索（也支持反引号）：
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fselect "name from '/home/user/dir with spaces' where size > 0"
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fselect "name from `/home/user/dir with spaces` where size > 0"
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或者简单地转义单引号：
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fselect name from \'/home/user/dir with spaces\' where size gt 0
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指定文件大小，获取绝对路径并加入结果：
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cd /home/user
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fselect size, abspath from ./tmp where size gt 2g
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fselect fsize, abspath from ./tmp where size = 5m
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fselect hsize, abspath from ./tmp where size lt 8k
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fselect name, size from ./tmp where size between 5mb and 6mb
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更复杂的查询：
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fselect "name from /tmp where (name = *.tmp and size = 0) or (name = *.cfg and size > 1000000)"
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可以使用子查询：
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fselect "name from /test1 where size > 100 and size in (select size from /test2 where name in (select name from /test3 where modified in (select modified from /test4 where size < 200)))"
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fselect "name, path, size from /data as data where exists (select * from /backup as backup where backup.name = data.name)"
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子查询也可用于 `FROM` 子句，作为外层查询的数据源：
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fselect "src.name, src.size from (select path from /projects depth 2 where size > 100) as src where src.name like '%.rs'"
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聚合函数（可按需使用花括号，甚至可与普通圆括号组合使用）：
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fselect "MIN(size), MAX{size}, AVG(size), SUM{size}, COUNT(*) from /home/user/Downloads"
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格式化函数：
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fselect "LOWER(name), UPPER(name), LENGTH(name), YEAR(modified) from /home/user/Downloads"
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获取最旧文件的年份：
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fselect "MIN(YEAR(modified)) from /home/user"
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如需处理带空格的文件名，请使用单引号：
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fselect "path from '/home/user/Misc stuff' where name != 'Some file'"
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支持 [Rust 风格](https://docs.rs/regex/1.1.0/regex/#syntax) 的正则表达式：
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fselect name from /home/user where path =~ '.*Rust.*'
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否定正则表达式：
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fselect "name from . where path !=~ '^\./config'"
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简单 glob 会自动展开，可与 `=` 和 `!=` 运算符配合使用：
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fselect name from /home/user where path = '*Rust*'
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经典 LIKE：
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fselect "path from /home/user where name like '%report-2018-__-__???'"
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精确匹配运算符，可在禁用正则表达式的情况下搜索：
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fselect "path from /home/user where name === 'some_*_weird_*_name'"
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按日期查找文件：
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fselect path from /home/user where created = 2017-05-01
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fselect path from /home/user where modified = today
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fselect path from /home/user where accessed = yesterday
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fselect "path from /home/user where modified = 'apr 1'"
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fselect "path from /home/user where modified = 'last fri'"
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更精确地匹配在下午 3 点至 4 点之间创建的所有文件：
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fselect path from /home/user where created = '2017-05-01 15'
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还可以更精确：
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fselect path from /home/user where created = '2017-05-01 15:10'
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fselect path from /home/user where created = '2017-05-01 15:10:30'
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支持日期和时间区间（查找自 5 月 1 日以来更新的所有内容）：
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fselect path from /home/user where modified gte 2017-05-01
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默认为当前目录：
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fselect path, size where name = '*.jpg'
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在多个位置中搜索：
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fselect path from /home/user/oldstuff, /home/user/newstuff where name = '*.jpg'
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可指定最小和/或最大深度（`depth` 是 `maxdepth` 的同义词）：
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fselect path from /home/user/oldstuff depth 5 where name = '*.jpg'
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fselect path from /home/user/oldstuff mindepth 2 maxdepth 5, /home/user/newstuff depth 10 where name = '*.jpg'
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可选择跟随符号链接（symlinks）：
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fselect path, size from /home/user symlinks where name = '*.jpg'
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在压缩包内搜索（目前仅支持 zip 压缩包）：
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fselect path, size from /home/user archives where name = '*.jpg'
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或组合使用：
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fselect size, path from /home/user depth 5 archives symlinks where name = '*.jpg' limit 100
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启用 `.gitignore` 或 `.hgignore` 支持：
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fselect size, path from /home/user/projects gitignore where name = '*.cpp'
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fselect size, path from /home/user/projects git where name = '*.cpp'
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fselect size, path from /home/user/projects hgignore where name = '*.py'
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按图像尺寸搜索：
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fselect CONCAT(width, 'x', height), path from /home/user/photos where width gte 2000 or height gte 2000
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查找正方形图像：
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fselect path from /home/user/Photos where width = height
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查找名称部分已知但扩展名未知的图像：
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fselect path from /home/user/projects where name = "*RDS*" and width gte 1
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查找老派说唱（old-school rap）MP3 文件：
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fselect duration, path from /home/user/music where genre = Rap and bitrate = 320 and mp3_year lt 2000
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常用文件扩展名的快捷方式：
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fselect path from /home/user where is_archive = true
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fselect path, mime from /home/user where is_audio = 1
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fselect path, mime from /home/user where is_book != false
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使用布尔列的更简便方式：
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fselect path from /home/user where is_doc
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fselect path from /home/user where is_image
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fselect path from /home/user where is_video
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查找具有危险权限的文件：
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fselect mode, path from /home/user where other_write or other_exec
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fselect mode, path from /home/user where other_all
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在文件 mode 中可使用简单的类 glob 表达式，甚至正则表达式：
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fselect mode, path from /home/user where mode = '*rwx'
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fselect mode, path from /home/user where mode =~ '.*rwx$'
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按所有者的 uid 或 gid 查找文件：
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fselect uid, gid, path from /home/user where uid != 1000 or gid != 1000
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或按所有者或组的名称：
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fselect user, group, path from /home/user where user = mike or group = mike
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查找特殊文件：
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fselect name from /usr/bin where suid
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fselect path from /tmp where is_sticky
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fselect path from /tmp where is_pipe
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fselect path from /tmp where is_socket
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查找带有扩展属性（xattrs）的文件，检查特定 xattr 是否存在，或获取其值：
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fselect "path, has_xattrs, has_xattr(user.test), xattr(user.test) from /home/user"
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将任意文本作为列包含：
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fselect "name, ' has size of ', size, ' bytes'"
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对结果分组：
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fselect "ext, count(*) from /tmp group by ext"
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fselect "ext, count(*) from /tmp group by 1"
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fselect "mime, ext, count(*) from /tmp group by 1, 2"
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对结果排序：
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fselect path from /tmp order by size desc, name
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fselect modified, fsize, path from ~ order by 1 desc, 3
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最后，限制结果数量：
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fselect name from /home/user/samples limit 5
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格式化输出：
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fselect size, path from /home/user limit 5 into json
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fselect size, path from /home/user limit 5 into csv
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fselect size, path from /home/user limit 5 into html
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### License
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MIT/Apache-2.0
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---
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由 [JetBrains IDEA](https://jb.gg/OpenSourceSupport) open source license
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