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# ctb
See also [The Part-Of-Speech Tagging Guidelines for the Penn Chinese Treebank (3.0)](https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1039&context=ircs_reports).
| Tag | Description | Chinese | Chinese Description | Examples |
|-----|------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------------------------------------------------------|------------------------|
| AD | adverb | 副词 | 副词 | 仍然、很、大大、约 |
| AS | aspect marker | 动态助词 | 助词 | 了、着、过 |
| BA | `bǎ` in ba-construction | 把字句 | 当“把”、“将”出现在结构“NP0 + BA + NP1+VP”时的词性 | 把、将 |
| CC | coordinating conjunction | 并列连接词 | 并列连词 | 与、和、或者、还是 |
| CD | cardinal number | 概数词 | 数词或表达数量的词 | 一百、好些、若干 |
| CS | subordinating conjunction | 从属连词 | 从属连词 | 如果、那么、就 |
| DEC | `de` as a complementizer or a nominalizer | 补语成分“的” | 当“的”或“之”作补语标记或名词化标记时的词性,其结构为:S/VP DEC {NP},如,喜欢旅游的大学生 | 的、之 |
| DEG | `de` as a genitive marker and an associative marker | 属格“的” | 当“的”或“之”作所有格时的词性,其结构为:NP/PP/JJ/DT DEG {NP} 如,他的车、经济的发展 | 的、之 |
| DER | resultative `de`, `de` in V-de const and V-de-R | 表结果的“得” | 当“得”出现在结构“V-得-R”时的词性,如,他跑得很快 | 得 |
| DEV | manner `de`, `de` before VP | 表方式的“地” | 当“地”出现在结构“X-地-VP”时的词性,如,高兴地说 | 地 |
| DT | determiner | 限定词 | 代冠词,通常用来修饰名词 | 这、那、该、每、各 |
| ETC | for words like "etc." | 表示省略 | “等”、“等等”的词性 | 等、等等 |
| EM | emoji | 表情符 | 表情符、或称颜文字 | :) |
| FW | foreign words | 外来语 | 外来词 | 卡拉、A型 |
| IC | incomplete component | 不完整成分 | 不完整成分,尤指ASR导致的错误 | 好*xin*、那个*ba* |
| IJ | interjection | 句首感叹词 | 感叹词,通常出现在句子首部 | 啊 |
| JJ | other noun-modifier | 其他名词修饰语 | 形容词 | 共同、新 |
| LB | `bèi` in long bei-const | 长句式表被动 | 当“被”、“叫”、“给”出现在结构“NP0 + LB + NP1+ VP”结构时 的词性,如,他被我训了一顿 | 被、叫、给 |
| LC | localizer | 方位词 | 方位词以及表示范围的限定词 | 前、旁、到、在内、以来、为止 |
| M | measure word | 量词 | 量词 | 个、群、公里 |
| MSP | other particle | 其他小品词 | 其他虚词,包括“所”、“以”、“来”和“而”等出现在VP前的词 | 所、以、来、而 |
| NN | common noun | 其他名词 | 除专有名词和时间名词外的所有名词 | 桌子、生活、经济 |
| NOI | noise that characters are written in the wrong order | 噪声 | 汉字顺序颠倒产生的噪声 | 事/NOI 类/NOI 各/NOI 故/NOI |
| NR | proper noun | 专有名词 | 专有名词,通常表示地名、人名、机构名等 | 北京、乔丹、微软 |
| NT | temporal noun | 时间名词 | 表示时间概念的名词 | 一月、汉朝、当今 |
| OD | ordinal number | 序数词 | 序列词 | 第一百 |
| ON | onomatopoeia | 象声词 | 象声词 | 哗哗、呼、咯吱 |
| P | preposition e.g., "from" and "to" | 介词 | 介词 | 从、对、根据 |
| PN | pronoun | 代词 | 代词,通常用来指代名词 | 我、这些、其、自己 |
| PU | punctuation | 标点符号 | 标点符号 | ?、。、; |
| SB | `bèi` in short bei-const | 短句式表被动 | 当“被”、“给”出现在NP0 +SB+ VP结果时的词性,如,他被训了 一顿 | 被、叫 |
| SP | sentence final particle | 句末助词 | 经常出现在句尾的词 | 吧、呢、啊、啊 |
| URL | web address | 网址 | 网址 | www.hankcs.com |
| VA | predicative adjective | 表语形容词 | 可以接在“很”后面的形容词谓语 | 雪白、厉害 |
| VC | copula, be words | 系动词 | 系动词,表示“是”或“非”概念的动词 | 是、为、非 |
| VE | `yǒu` as the main verb | 动词有无 | 表示“有”或“无”概念的动词 | 有、没有、无 |
| VV | other verb | 其他动词 | 其他普通动词,包括情态词、控制动词、动作动词、心理动词等等 | 可能、要、走、喜欢 |