wehub-resource-sync
555 lines
30 KiB
Markdown
555 lines
30 KiB
Markdown
<!-- WEHUB_ZH_README -->
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> [!NOTE]
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> 本文档由 WeHub 基于上游 README 翻译整理，属于社区翻译，非官方中文文档。
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> [English](./README.en.md) · [原始项目](https://github.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling) · [上游 README](https://github.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/blob/HEAD/README.md)
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> 原作者、版权与许可证归属以原始项目及本仓库 LICENSE 文件为准。
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<!-- mcp-name: io.github.D4Vinci/Scrapling -->
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<h1 align="center">
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<a href="https://scrapling.readthedocs.io">
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<picture>
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<source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/main/docs/assets/cover_dark.svg?sanitize=true">
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<img alt="Scrapling Poster" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/main/docs/assets/cover_light.svg?sanitize=true">
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</picture>
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</a>
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<br>
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<small>面向现代网页的轻松爬取</small>
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</h1>
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<p align="center">
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<a href="https://trendshift.io/repositories/14244" target="_blank"><img src="https://trendshift.io/api/badge/repositories/14244" alt="D4Vinci%2FScrapling | Trendshift" style="width: 250px; height: 55px;" width="250" height="55"/></a>
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<br/>
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<a href="https://github.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/blob/main/docs/README_AR.md">العربيه</a> | <a href="https://github.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/blob/main/docs/README_ES.md">Español</a> | <a href="https://github.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/blob/main/docs/README_PT_BR.md">Português (Brasil)</a> | <a href="https://github.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/blob/main/docs/README_FR.md">Français</a> | <a href="https://github.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/blob/main/docs/README_DE.md">Deutsch</a> | <a href="https://github.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/blob/main/docs/README_CN.md">简体中文</a> | <a href="https://github.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/blob/main/docs/README_JP.md">日本語</a> | <a href="https://github.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/blob/main/docs/README_RU.md">Русский</a> | <a href="https://github.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/blob/main/docs/README_KR.md">한국어</a>
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<br/>
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<a href="https://github.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/actions/workflows/tests.yml" alt="Tests">
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<img alt="Tests" src="https://github.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/actions/workflows/tests.yml/badge.svg"></a>
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<a href="https://badge.fury.io/py/Scrapling" alt="PyPI version">
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<img alt="PyPI version" src="https://badge.fury.io/py/Scrapling.svg"></a>
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<a href="https://clickpy.clickhouse.com/dashboard/scrapling" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/scrapling" alt="PyPI package downloads"></a>
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<a href="https://github.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/tree/main/agent-skill" alt="AI Agent Skill directory">
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<img alt="Static Badge" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Skill-black?style=flat&label=Agent&link=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FD4Vinci%2FScrapling%2Ftree%2Fmain%2Fagent-skill"></a>
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<a href="https://clawhub.ai/D4Vinci/scrapling-official" alt="OpenClaw Skill">
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<img alt="OpenClaw Skill" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Clawhub-darkred?style=flat&label=OpenClaw&link=https%3A%2F%2Fclawhub.ai%2FD4Vinci%2Fscrapling-official"></a>
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<br/>
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<a href="https://discord.gg/EMgGbDceNQ" alt="Discord" target="_blank">
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<img alt="Discord" src="https://img.shields.io/discord/1360786381042880532?style=social&logo=discord&link=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscord.gg%2FEMgGbDceNQ">
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</a>
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<a href="https://x.com/Scrapling_dev" alt="X (formerly Twitter)">
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<img alt="X (formerly Twitter) Follow" src="https://img.shields.io/twitter/follow/Scrapling_dev?style=social&logo=x&link=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FScrapling_dev">
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</a>
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<br/>
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<a href="https://pypi.org/project/scrapling/" alt="Supported Python versions">
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<img alt="Supported Python versions" src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/scrapling.svg"></a>
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</p>
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<p align="center">
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<a href="https://scrapling.readthedocs.io/en/latest/parsing/selection.html"><strong>选择方法</strong></a>
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·
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<a href="https://scrapling.readthedocs.io/en/latest/fetching/choosing.html"><strong>Fetchers</strong></a>
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·
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<a href="https://scrapling.readthedocs.io/en/latest/spiders/architecture.html"><strong>Spiders</strong></a>
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·
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<a href="https://scrapling.readthedocs.io/en/latest/spiders/proxy-blocking.html"><strong>代理轮换</strong></a>
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·
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<a href="https://scrapling.readthedocs.io/en/latest/cli/overview.html"><strong>CLI</strong></a>
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·
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<a href="https://scrapling.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ai/mcp-server.html"><strong>MCP</strong></a>
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</p>
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Scrapling 是一款自适应 Web Scraping（网页爬取）框架，可处理从单次请求到大规模爬取的一切场景。
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其解析器会学习网站变化，并在页面更新时自动重新定位你的元素。其 Fetcher 可开箱即用地绕过 Cloudflare Turnstile 等反机器人系统。其 Spider 框架让你只需几行 Python 代码，即可扩展到并发、多会话爬取，并支持暂停/恢复与自动代理轮换——一个库，零妥协。
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极速爬取，实时统计与流式输出。由网页爬取从业者打造，兼顾专业用户与普通用户，人人适用。
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```python
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from scrapling.fetchers import Fetcher, AsyncFetcher, StealthyFetcher, DynamicFetcher
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StealthyFetcher.adaptive = True
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p = StealthyFetcher.fetch('https://example.com', headless=True, network_idle=True) # Fetch website under the radar!
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products = p.css('.product', auto_save=True) # Scrape data that survives website design changes!
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products = p.css('.product', adaptive=True) # Later, if the website structure changes, pass `adaptive=True` to find them!
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```
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或扩展到完整爬取
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```python
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from scrapling.spiders import Spider, Response
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class MySpider(Spider):
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name = "demo"
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start_urls = ["https://example.com/"]
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async def parse(self, response: Response):
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for item in response.css('.product'):
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yield {"title": item.css('h2::text').get()}
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MySpider().start()
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```
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<p align="center">
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<a href="https://dataimpulse.com/?utm_source=scrapling&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=scrapling" target="_blank" style="display:flex; justify-content:center; padding:4px 0;">
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<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/main/images/DataImpulse.png" alt="At DataImpulse, we specialize in developing custom proxy services for your business. Make requests from anywhere, collect data, and enjoy fast connections with our premium proxies." style="max-height:60px;">
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</a>
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</p>
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# Platinum Sponsors
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<table>
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<tr>
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<td width="200">
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<a href="https://proxidize.com/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=sponsorship&utm_campaign=scrapling&utm_content=d4vinci" target="_blank" title="Clean Proxies with No Nonsense.">
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<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/main/images/proxidize.png">
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</a>
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</td>
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<td> <a href="https://proxidize.com/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=sponsorship&utm_campaign=scrapling&utm_content=d4vinci" target="_blank"><b>Proxidize</b></a> 提供移动与住宅代理，适用于爬取、浏览器自动化、SEO 监控、AI Agent 与数据采集。<i>使用优惠码 <b>scrapling20</b> 可享 8 折</i>。
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td width="200">
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<a href="https://coldproxy.com/" target="_blank" title="Residential, IPv6 & Datacenter Proxies for Web Scraping">
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<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/main/images/coldproxy.png">
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</a>
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</td>
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<td> <a href="https://coldproxy.com/" target="_blank"><b>ColdProxy</b></a> 提供住宅与数据中心代理，用于稳定的网页爬取、公开数据采集，以及覆盖 195+ 个国家的地理定向测试。
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td width="200">
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<a href="https://hypersolutions.co/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme&utm_campaign=scrapling" target="_blank" title="Bot Protection Bypass API for Akamai, DataDome, Incapsula & Kasada">
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<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/main/images/HyperSolutions.png">
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</a>
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</td>
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<td> Scrapling 可处理 Cloudflare Turnstile。针对企业级防护，<a href="https://hypersolutions.co?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme&utm_campaign=scrapling">
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<b>Hyper Solutions</b>
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</a> 提供 API 端点，可为 <b>Akamai</b>、<b>DataDome</b>、<b>Kasada</b> 和 <b>Incapsula</b> 生成有效的反机器人令牌。简单 API 调用，无需浏览器自动化。 </td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td width="200">
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<a href="https://evomi.com?utm_source=github&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=d4vinci-scrapling" target="_blank" title="Evomi is your Swiss Quality Proxy Provider, starting at $0.49/GB">
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<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/main/images/evomi.png">
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</a>
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</td>
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<td>
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<a href="https://evomi.com?utm_source=github&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=d4vinci-scrapling">
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<b>Evomi</b>
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</a>：住宅代理低至 $0.49/GB。爬取浏览器配备完整伪装的 Chromium、住宅 IP、自动 CAPTCHA 求解与反机器人绕过。 </br>
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<b>提供 Scraper API，轻松获取结果。支持 MCP 与 N8N 集成。</b>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td width="200">
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<a href="https://tikhub.io/?utm_source=github.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling&utm_medium=marketing_social&utm_campaign=retargeting&utm_content=carousel_ad" target="_blank" title="Unlock the Power of Social Media Data & AI">
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<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/main/images/TikHub.jpg">
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</a>
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</td>
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<td>
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<a href="https://tikhub.io/?utm_source=github.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling&utm_medium=marketing_social&utm_campaign=retargeting&utm_content=carousel_ad" target="_blank">TikHub.io</a> 提供 900+ 稳定 API，覆盖 TikTok、X、YouTube 和 Instagram 等 16+ 平台，拥有 40M+ 数据集。<br /> 另提供<a href="https://ai.tikhub.io/?ref=KarimShoair" target="_blank">折扣 AI 模型</a>——Claude、GPT、GEMINI 等，最高可省 71%。
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td width="200">
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<a href="https://petrosky.io/d4vinci" target="_blank" title="PetroSky delivers cutting-edge VPS hosting.">
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<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/main/images/petrosky.png">
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</a>
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</td>
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<td>
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合上笔记本，爬虫仍在运行。<br />
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<a href="https://petrosky.io/d4vinci" target="_blank">PetroSky VPS</a>——专为不间断自动化打造的云服务器。提供 Windows 与 Linux 机器，完全可控。起价 €6.99/月。
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td width="200">
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<a href="https://substack.thewebscraping.club/p/scrapling-hands-on-guide?utm_source=github&utm_medium=repo&utm_campaign=scrapling" target="_blank" title="The #1 newsletter dedicated to Web Scraping">
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<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/main/images/TWSC.png">
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</a>
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</td>
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<td>
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阅读 <a href="https://substack.thewebscraping.club/p/scrapling-hands-on-guide?utm_source=github&utm_medium=repo&utm_campaign=scrapling" target="_blank">The Web Scraping Club 对 Scrapling 的完整评测</a>（2025 年 11 月），这是专注于 Web Scraping 的头号 Newsletter。
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td width="200">
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<a href="https://www.swiftproxy.net/?ref=D4Vinci" target="_blank" title="Scalable Solutions for Web Data Access">
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<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/main/images/SwiftProxy.png">
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</a>
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</td>
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<td>
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<a href="https://www.swiftproxy.net/?ref=D4Vinci" target="_blank">Swiftproxy</a> 提供可扩展的住宅代理，拥有 80M+ IP，覆盖 195+ 个国家，连接快速可靠，支持自动轮换，具备出色的防封性能。提供免费试用。
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td width="200">
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<a href="https://go.nodemaven.com/scraplingjune" target="_blank" title="Proxies with the Highest IP Scores">
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<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/main/images/NodeMaven.svg" width="240" height="100">
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</a>
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</td>
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<td>
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<a href="https://go.nodemaven.com/scraplingjune" target="_blank">NodeMaven</a>——可靠的代理提供商，拥有市场上质量最高的 IP。使用优惠码 SCRAPLING35 可享代理 35% 折扣。
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<i><sub>您想在此展示广告？点击[此处](https://github.com/sponsors/D4Vinci/sponsorships?tier_id=586646))</sub></i>
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# 赞助商
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<!-- sponsors -->
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<a href="https://serpapi.com/?utm_source=scrapling" target="_blank" title="使用 SerpApi 抓取 Google 及其他搜索引擎"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/main/images/SerpApi.png"></a>
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<a href="https://visit.decodo.com/Dy6W0b" target="_blank" title="免费试用最高效的住宅代理"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/main/images/decodo.png"></a>
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<a href="https://hasdata.com/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=D4Vinci" target="_blank" title="真正能击败反爬系统的网页抓取服务！"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/main/images/hasdata.png"></a>
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<a href="https://proxyempire.io/?ref=scrapling&utm_source=scrapling" target="_blank" title="用最好的住宅代理收集项目所需数据"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/main/images/ProxyEmpire.png"></a>
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<a href="https://www.webshare.io/?referral_code=48r2m2cd5uz1" target="_blank" title="最可靠的代理，性能无与伦比"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/main/images/webshare.png"></a>
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<a href="https://proxiware.com/?ref=scrapling" target="_blank" title="任意规模，收集任意数据。"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/main/images/proxiware.png"></a>
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<!-- /sponsors -->
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<i><sub>您想在此展示广告？点击[此处](https://github.com/sponsors/D4Vinci))选择适合您的赞助等级！</sub></i>
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---
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## 核心特性
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### Spiders——完整的爬虫框架
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- 🕷️ **类 Scrapy 的 Spider API**：使用 `start_urls` 定义爬虫，配合异步 `parse` 回调以及 `Request` / `Response` 对象。
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- ⚡ **并发抓取**：可配置的并发限制、按域名限速以及下载延迟。
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- 🔄 **多会话支持**：在单个爬虫中统一 HTTP 请求与隐身无头浏览器接口——按 ID 将请求路由到不同会话。
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- 💾 **暂停与恢复**：基于检查点的爬虫持久化。按 Ctrl+C 优雅关闭；重新启动后从上次中断处继续。
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- 📡 **流式模式**：通过 `async for item in spider.stream()` 实时流式传输抓取到的数据项，并提供实时统计信息——非常适合 UI、数据管道以及长时间运行的爬取任务。
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- 🛡️ **请求被拦截检测**：自动检测并重试被拦截的请求，支持自定义逻辑。
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- 🤖 **Robots.txt 合规**：可选的 `robots_txt_obey` 标志，遵守 `Disallow`、`Crawl-delay` 和 `Request-rate` 指令，并按域名缓存。
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- 🧪 **开发模式**：首次运行时将响应缓存到磁盘，后续运行直接回放——在不重复访问目标服务器的情况下迭代你的 `parse()` 逻辑。
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- 📦 **内置导出**：通过钩子函数和你自己的数据管道，或内置的 JSON/JSONL（分别对应 `result.items.to_json()` / `result.items.to_jsonl()`）导出结果。
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### 高级网站抓取与会话支持
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- **HTTP 请求**：使用 `Fetcher` 类实现快速且隐蔽的 HTTP 请求。可模拟浏览器 TLS 指纹、请求头，并使用 HTTP/3。
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- **动态加载**：通过 `DynamicFetcher` 类以完整的浏览器自动化抓取动态网站，支持 Playwright 的 Chromium 和 Google 的 Chrome。
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- **反爬绕过**：通过 `StealthyFetcher` 和指纹伪造实现高级隐身能力。可通过自动化轻松绕过各类 Cloudflare Turnstile/插页式验证。
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- **会话管理**：通过 `FetcherSession`、`StealthySession` 和 `DynamicSession` 类实现持久化会话支持，用于跨请求的 Cookie 和状态管理。
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- **代理轮换**：内置 `ProxyRotator`，支持循环或自定义轮换策略，适用于所有会话类型，并支持按请求覆盖代理。
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- **域名与广告拦截**：拦截对特定域名（及其子域名）的请求，或在基于浏览器的抓取器中启用内置广告拦截（约 3,500 个已知广告/跟踪域名）。
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- **DNS 泄露防护**：可选的 DNS-over-HTTPS 支持，通过 Cloudflare 的 DoH 路由 DNS 查询，防止使用代理时发生 DNS 泄露。
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- **异步支持**：所有抓取器均支持完整的异步操作，并提供专用的异步会话类。
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### 自适应抓取与 AI 集成
|
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- 🔄 **智能元素追踪**：网站变更后，使用智能相似度算法重新定位元素。
|
||
- 🎯 **智能灵活选择**：CSS 选择器、XPath 选择器、基于过滤的搜索、文本搜索、正则表达式搜索等。
|
||
- 🔍 **查找相似元素**：自动定位与已找到元素相似的元素。
|
||
- 🤖 **用于 AI 的 MCP 服务器**：内置 MCP 服务器，用于 AI 辅助的网页抓取和数据提取。该 MCP 服务器具备强大的自定义能力，利用 Scrapling 在将目标内容传递给 AI（Claude/Cursor 等）之前进行提取，从而加速操作并通过减少 token 用量降低成本。（[演示视频](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qyFk3ZNwOxE)))）
|
||
|
||
### 高性能与久经考验的架构
|
||
- 🚀 **极速**：优化后的性能超越大多数 Python 抓取库。
|
||
- 🔋 **内存高效**：优化的数据结构和延迟加载，实现最小的内存占用。
|
||
- ⚡ **快速 JSON 序列化**：比标准库快 10 倍。
|
||
- 🏗️ **久经考验**：Scrapling 不仅拥有 92% 的测试覆盖率和完整的类型提示覆盖，在过去一年中更被数百位网页抓取工程师日常使用。
|
||
|
||
### 开发者/网页抓取工程师友好体验
|
||
- 🎯 **交互式网页抓取 Shell**：可选的内置 IPython Shell，集成 Scrapling、快捷操作和新工具，加速网页抓取脚本开发，例如将 curl 请求转换为 Scrapling 请求，以及在浏览器中查看请求结果。
|
||
- 🚀 **直接在终端中使用**：可选地，你可以使用 Scrapling 抓取 URL，而无需编写一行代码！
|
||
- 🛠️ **丰富的导航 API**：高级 DOM 遍历，支持父级、兄弟节点和子节点导航方法。
|
||
- 🧬 **增强文本处理**：内置正则表达式、清洗方法和优化的字符串操作。
|
||
- 📝 **自动选择器生成**：为任意元素生成鲁棒的 CSS/XPath 选择器。
|
||
- 🔌 **熟悉的 API**：与 Scrapy/BeautifulSoup 类似，使用与 Scrapy/Parsel 相同的伪元素。
|
||
- 📘 **完整的类型覆盖**：全面的类型提示，提供出色的 IDE 支持和代码补全。每次变更都会通过 **PyRight** 和 **MyPy** 自动扫描整个代码库。
|
||
- 🔋 **即用型 Docker 镜像**：每次发布都会自动构建并推送包含所有浏览器的 Docker 镜像。
|
||
|
||
## 快速入门
|
||
|
||
让我们快速了解一下 Scrapling 的功能，无需深入细节。
|
||
|
||
### 基础用法
|
||
带会话支持的 HTTP 请求
|
||
```python
|
||
from scrapling.fetchers import Fetcher, FetcherSession
|
||
|
||
with FetcherSession(impersonate='chrome') as session: # Use latest version of Chrome's TLS fingerprint
|
||
page = session.get('https://quotes.toscrape.com/', stealthy_headers=True)
|
||
quotes = page.css('.quote .text::text').getall()
|
||
|
||
# Or use one-off requests
|
||
page = Fetcher.get('https://quotes.toscrape.com/')
|
||
quotes = page.css('.quote .text::text').getall()
|
||
```
|
||
高级隐身模式
|
||
```python
|
||
from scrapling.fetchers import StealthyFetcher, StealthySession
|
||
|
||
with StealthySession(headless=True, solve_cloudflare=True) as session: # Keep the browser open until you finish
|
||
page = session.fetch('https://nopecha.com/demo/cloudflare', google_search=False)
|
||
data = page.css('#padded_content a').getall()
|
||
|
||
# Or use one-off request style, it opens the browser for this request, then closes it after finishing
|
||
page = StealthyFetcher.fetch('https://nopecha.com/demo/cloudflare')
|
||
data = page.css('#padded_content a').getall()
|
||
```
|
||
完整浏览器自动化
|
||
```python
|
||
from scrapling.fetchers import DynamicFetcher, DynamicSession
|
||
|
||
with DynamicSession(headless=True, disable_resources=False, network_idle=True) as session: # Keep the browser open until you finish
|
||
page = session.fetch('https://quotes.toscrape.com/', load_dom=False)
|
||
data = page.xpath('//span[@class="text"]/text()').getall() # XPath selector if you prefer it
|
||
|
||
# Or use one-off request style, it opens the browser for this request, then closes it after finishing
|
||
page = DynamicFetcher.fetch('https://quotes.toscrape.com/')
|
||
data = page.css('.quote .text::text').getall()
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Spiders（爬虫）
|
||
使用并发请求、多种会话类型和暂停/恢复功能构建完整的爬虫：
|
||
```python
|
||
from scrapling.spiders import Spider, Request, Response
|
||
|
||
class QuotesSpider(Spider):
|
||
name = "quotes"
|
||
start_urls = ["https://quotes.toscrape.com/"]
|
||
concurrent_requests = 10
|
||
|
||
async def parse(self, response: Response):
|
||
for quote in response.css('.quote'):
|
||
yield {
|
||
"text": quote.css('.text::text').get(),
|
||
"author": quote.css('.author::text').get(),
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
next_page = response.css('.next a')
|
||
if next_page:
|
||
yield response.follow(next_page[0].attrib['href'])
|
||
|
||
result = QuotesSpider().start()
|
||
print(f"Scraped {len(result.items)} quotes")
|
||
result.items.to_json("quotes.json")
|
||
```
|
||
在单个爬虫中使用多种会话类型：
|
||
```python
|
||
from scrapling.spiders import Spider, Request, Response
|
||
from scrapling.fetchers import FetcherSession, AsyncStealthySession
|
||
|
||
class MultiSessionSpider(Spider):
|
||
name = "multi"
|
||
start_urls = ["https://example.com/"]
|
||
|
||
def configure_sessions(self, manager):
|
||
manager.add("fast", FetcherSession(impersonate="chrome"))
|
||
manager.add("stealth", AsyncStealthySession(headless=True), lazy=True)
|
||
|
||
async def parse(self, response: Response):
|
||
for link in response.css('a::attr(href)').getall():
|
||
# Route protected pages through the stealth session
|
||
if "protected" in link:
|
||
yield Request(link, sid="stealth")
|
||
else:
|
||
yield Request(link, sid="fast", callback=self.parse) # explicit callback
|
||
```
|
||
通过检查点暂停和恢复长时间运行的爬取任务，像这样运行爬虫：
|
||
```python
|
||
QuotesSpider(crawldir="./crawl_data").start()
|
||
```
|
||
按 Ctrl+C 优雅暂停——进度会自动保存。之后，当你再次启动爬虫时，传入相同的 `crawldir`，它就会从停止的地方恢复。
|
||
|
||
### 高级解析与导航
|
||
```python
|
||
from scrapling.fetchers import Fetcher
|
||
|
||
# Rich element selection and navigation
|
||
page = Fetcher.get('https://quotes.toscrape.com/')
|
||
|
||
# Get quotes with multiple selection methods
|
||
quotes = page.css('.quote') # CSS selector
|
||
quotes = page.xpath('//div[@class="quote"]') # XPath
|
||
quotes = page.find_all('div', {'class': 'quote'}) # BeautifulSoup-style
|
||
# Same as
|
||
quotes = page.find_all('div', class_='quote')
|
||
quotes = page.find_all(['div'], class_='quote')
|
||
quotes = page.find_all(class_='quote') # and so on...
|
||
# Find element by text content
|
||
quotes = page.find_by_text('quote', tag='div')
|
||
|
||
# Advanced navigation
|
||
quote_text = page.css('.quote')[0].css('.text::text').get()
|
||
quote_text = page.css('.quote').css('.text::text').getall() # Chained selectors
|
||
first_quote = page.css('.quote')[0]
|
||
author = first_quote.next_sibling.css('.author::text')
|
||
parent_container = first_quote.parent
|
||
|
||
# Element relationships and similarity
|
||
similar_elements = first_quote.find_similar()
|
||
below_elements = first_quote.below_elements()
|
||
```
|
||
如果你不想抓取网站，可以直接使用解析器，如下所示：
|
||
```python
|
||
from scrapling.parser import Selector
|
||
|
||
page = Selector("<html>...</html>")
|
||
```
|
||
效果完全一样！
|
||
|
||
### 异步会话管理示例
|
||
```python
|
||
import asyncio
|
||
from scrapling.fetchers import FetcherSession, AsyncStealthySession, AsyncDynamicSession
|
||
|
||
async with FetcherSession(http3=True) as session: # `FetcherSession` is context-aware and can work in both sync/async patterns
|
||
page1 = session.get('https://quotes.toscrape.com/')
|
||
page2 = session.get('https://quotes.toscrape.com/', impersonate='firefox135')
|
||
|
||
# Async session usage
|
||
async with AsyncStealthySession(max_pages=2) as session:
|
||
tasks = []
|
||
urls = ['https://example.com/page1', 'https://example.com/page2']
|
||
|
||
for url in urls:
|
||
task = session.fetch(url)
|
||
tasks.append(task)
|
||
|
||
print(session.get_pool_stats()) # Optional - The status of the browser tabs pool (busy/free/error)
|
||
results = await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
|
||
print(session.get_pool_stats())
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## CLI 与交互式 Shell
|
||
|
||
Scrapling 包含一个强大的命令行界面：
|
||
|
||
[](https://asciinema.org/a/736339)
|
||
|
||
启动交互式 Web 抓取 Shell
|
||
```bash
|
||
scrapling shell
|
||
```
|
||
无需编程即可直接将页面提取到文件（默认提取 `body` 标签内的内容）。如果输出文件以 `.txt` 结尾，则提取目标的文本内容；如果以 `.md` 结尾，则输出 HTML 内容的 Markdown 表示形式；如果以 `.html` 结尾，则直接输出 HTML 内容本身。
|
||
```bash
|
||
scrapling extract get 'https://example.com' content.md
|
||
scrapling extract get 'https://example.com' content.txt --css-selector '#fromSkipToProducts' --impersonate 'chrome' # All elements matching the CSS selector '#fromSkipToProducts'
|
||
scrapling extract fetch 'https://example.com' content.md --css-selector '#fromSkipToProducts' --no-headless
|
||
scrapling extract stealthy-fetch 'https://nopecha.com/demo/cloudflare' captchas.html --css-selector '#padded_content a' --solve-cloudflare
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
> [!NOTE]
|
||
> 还有很多其他功能，但我们希望此页面保持简洁，包括 MCP 服务器和交互式 Web 抓取 Shell。请在此处查看完整文档：[here](https://scrapling.readthedocs.io/en/latest/)
|
||
|
||
## 性能基准测试
|
||
|
||
Scrapling 不仅功能强大，而且速度极快。以下基准测试将 Scrapling 的解析器与其他流行库的最新版本进行了对比。
|
||
|
||
### 文本提取速度测试（5000 个嵌套元素）
|
||
|
||
| # | 库名称 | 时间 (ms) | 与 Scrapling 对比 |
|
||
|---|:----------------:|:---------:|:----------------:|
|
||
| 1 | Scrapling | 1.98 | 1.0x |
|
||
| 2 | Parsel/Scrapy | 1.99 | 1.005x |
|
||
| 3 | Raw Lxml | 2.48 | 1.253x |
|
||
| 4 | PyQuery | 23.15 | ~12x |
|
||
| 5 | Selectolax | 196.09 | ~99x |
|
||
| 6 | MechanicalSoup | 1531.24 | ~773.4x |
|
||
| 7 | BS4 with Lxml | 1535.19 | ~775.3x |
|
||
| 8 | BS4 with html5lib | 3388.16 | ~1711.2x |
|
||
|
||
### 元素相似度与文本搜索性能
|
||
|
||
Scrapling 的自适应元素查找能力显著优于其他替代方案：
|
||
|
||
| 库 | 时间 (ms) | 与 Scrapling 对比 |
|
||
|-------------|:---------:|:----------------:|
|
||
| Scrapling | 2.29 | 1.0x |
|
||
| AutoScraper | 12.46 | 5.441x |
|
||
|
||
> 所有基准测试均为 100 次以上运行的平均值。测试方法详见 [benchmarks.py](https://github.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/blob/main/benchmarks.py)。
|
||
|
||
## 安装
|
||
|
||
Scrapling 需要 Python 3.10 或更高版本：
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
pip install scrapling
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
> [!IMPORTANT]
|
||
> 此安装仅包含解析器引擎及其依赖项，不包含任何抓取器（fetchers）或命令行依赖项。因此，仅凭此安装，从 `scrapling.fetchers` 或 `scrapling.spiders` 导入任何内容（如上述示例所示）都会引发 `ModuleNotFoundError`。如果你要使用任何抓取器或爬虫，请先按照下方说明安装抓取器的依赖项。
|
||
|
||
### 可选依赖项
|
||
|
||
1. 如果你要使用以下任何额外功能、抓取器或其类，则需要安装抓取器的依赖项及其浏览器依赖项，具体如下：
|
||
```bash
|
||
pip install "scrapling[fetchers]"
|
||
|
||
scrapling install # 正常安装
|
||
scrapling install --force # 强制重新安装
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
这将下载所有浏览器及其系统依赖项和指纹操作依赖项。
|
||
|
||
或者你也可以通过代码安装，而不是运行命令：
|
||
```python
|
||
from scrapling.cli import install
|
||
|
||
install([], standalone_mode=False) # 正常安装
|
||
install(["--force"], standalone_mode=False) # 强制重新安装
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. 额外功能：
|
||
- 安装 MCP 服务器功能：
|
||
```bash
|
||
pip install "scrapling[ai]"
|
||
```
|
||
- 安装 Shell 功能（Web 抓取 Shell 和 `extract` 命令）：
|
||
```bash
|
||
pip install "scrapling[shell]"
|
||
```
|
||
- 安装全部功能：
|
||
```bash
|
||
pip install "scrapling[all]"
|
||
```
|
||
请注意，在安装上述任意附加功能后，你还需要使用 `scrapling install` 安装浏览器依赖项（如果尚未安装）。
|
||
|
||
### Docker
|
||
|
||
你也可以通过 DockerHub 使用以下命令安装包含所有扩展和浏览器的 Docker 镜像：
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
docker pull pyd4vinci/scrapling
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
或者从 GitHub 容器镜像仓库下载：
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
docker pull ghcr.io/d4vinci/scrapling:latest
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
该镜像通过 GitHub Actions 自动构建并推送，基于仓库的主分支。
|
||
|
||
## 贡献
|
||
|
||
欢迎贡献！在开始之前，请阅读我们的[贡献指南](https://github.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md)。
|
||
|
||
## 免责声明
|
||
|
||
> [!CAUTION]
|
||
> 本库仅用于教育和研究目的。使用本库即表示您同意遵守当地及国际的数据抓取与隐私法律。作者和贡献者不对任何滥用此软件的行为负责。请始终遵守网站的服務条款及 robots.txt 文件。
|
||
|
||
## 🎓 引用
|
||
|
||
如果您在研究中使用了本库，请按以下参考文献引用我们：
|
||
|
||
```text
|
||
@misc{scrapling,
|
||
author = {Karim Shoair},
|
||
title = {Scrapling},
|
||
year = {2024},
|
||
url = {https://github.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling},
|
||
note = {An adaptive Web Scraping framework that handles everything from a single request to a full-scale crawl!}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 许可证
|
||
|
||
本项目基于 BSD-3-Clause 许可证授权。
|
||
|
||
## 致谢
|
||
|
||
本项目包含来自以下项目的改编代码：
|
||
|
||
- Parsel（BSD 许可证）——用于[翻译器](https://github.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling/blob/main/scrapling/core/translator.py) 子模块
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
<div align="center"><small>由 Karim Shoair 设计与开发，倾注 ❤️。</small></div><br>
|
||
USD 预算：$0/$3；剩余 $3。
|