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364 lines
44 KiB
Markdown
364 lines
44 KiB
Markdown
---
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description: "Core concepts of Conductor — an open source workflow orchestration engine for distributed workflows, microservice orchestration, AI agent orchestration, and workflow automation with code-first and JSON-native definitions and polyglot workers."
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---
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# Basic Concepts
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Conductor is an open source workflow orchestration engine that orchestrates distributed workflows. You define
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workflows as code or as JSON, write workers in any language, and let Conductor handle state persistence,
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retries, timeouts, and flow control. Every step is durably recorded, so processes survive crashes,
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restarts, and network partitions without losing progress.
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Workflow definitions are JSON-native — you can version them in source control, diff changes across
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releases, generate them programmatically, or let LLMs create and modify them at runtime. Workers
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are polyglot: official SDKs exist for Java, Python, Go, JavaScript, C#, Clojure, Ruby, and Rust,
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so teams can use the language that best fits each task.
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Built-in system tasks handle common operations like HTTP calls, event publishing, inline transforms,
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and sub-workflow orchestration without writing custom code. AI capabilities extend the system task
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library with native support for 14+ LLM providers, MCP tool calling, function calling, vector databases, and content
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generation — enabling AI agent orchestration and LLM orchestration alongside traditional microservice orchestration and workflow automation.
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## What can Conductor do?
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<div class="wcc-widget" role="tablist">
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<div class="wcc-left">
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<div class="wcc-item wcc-active" data-wcc="0" role="tab" aria-selected="true" tabindex="0">
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<div class="wcc-header"><span class="wcc-title">Create Workflows</span><span class="wcc-chevron"></span></div>
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<div class="wcc-body">Define workflows consisting of multiple tasks that are executed in a specific order. <a href="../../documentation/configuration/workflowdef/index.html">Learn more</a></div>
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</div>
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<div class="wcc-item" data-wcc="1" role="tab" aria-selected="false" tabindex="0">
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<div class="wcc-header"><span class="wcc-title">Branch Your Flows</span><span class="wcc-chevron"></span></div>
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<div class="wcc-body">Use switch-case operators to make branching decisions. <a href="../../documentation/configuration/workflowdef/operators/switch-task.html">Learn more</a></div>
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</div>
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<div class="wcc-item" data-wcc="2" role="tab" aria-selected="false" tabindex="0">
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<div class="wcc-header"><span class="wcc-title">Run Loops</span><span class="wcc-chevron"></span></div>
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<div class="wcc-body">Use the Do-While loop operator to iterate through a set of tasks. <a href="../../documentation/configuration/workflowdef/operators/do-while-task.html">Learn more</a></div>
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</div>
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<div class="wcc-item" data-wcc="3" role="tab" aria-selected="false" tabindex="0">
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<div class="wcc-header"><span class="wcc-title">Parallelize Your Tasks</span><span class="wcc-chevron"></span></div>
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<div class="wcc-body">Execute tasks in parallel using either static or dynamic forks. <a href="../../documentation/configuration/workflowdef/operators/fork-task.html">Learn more</a></div>
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</div>
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<div class="wcc-item" data-wcc="4" role="tab" aria-selected="false" tabindex="0">
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<div class="wcc-header"><span class="wcc-title">Run Your Tasks Externally</span><span class="wcc-chevron"></span></div>
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<div class="wcc-body">Implement tasks using external workers in microservices, serverless functions, or applications. <a href="workers.html">Workers</a> · <a href="../../documentation/clientsdks/index.html">SDKs</a></div>
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</div>
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<div class="wcc-item" data-wcc="5" role="tab" aria-selected="false" tabindex="0">
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<div class="wcc-header"><span class="wcc-title">Use Built-In Tasks</span><span class="wcc-chevron"></span></div>
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<div class="wcc-body">Use built-in tasks for common actions such as calling HTTP endpoints, writing to event queues, and executing inline code. <a href="../../documentation/configuration/workflowdef/systemtasks/index.html">Learn more</a></div>
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</div>
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<div class="wcc-item" data-wcc="6" role="tab" aria-selected="false" tabindex="0">
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<div class="wcc-header"><span class="wcc-title">Use LLM Tasks</span><span class="wcc-chevron"></span></div>
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<div class="wcc-body">Use LLM tasks to build AI-powered workflows, including agentic workflows. <a href="../ai/index.html">Learn more</a></div>
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</div>
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<div class="wcc-item" data-wcc="7" role="tab" aria-selected="false" tabindex="0">
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<div class="wcc-header"><span class="wcc-title">Human in the Loop</span><span class="wcc-chevron"></span></div>
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<div class="wcc-body">Plug in manual steps in your workflows using Human tasks. <a href="../../documentation/configuration/workflowdef/systemtasks/human-task.html">Human tasks</a> · <a href="../../documentation/configuration/workflowdef/systemtasks/wait-task.html">Wait tasks</a></div>
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</div>
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<div class="wcc-item" data-wcc="8" role="tab" aria-selected="false" tabindex="0">
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<div class="wcc-header"><span class="wcc-title">Handle Failures</span><span class="wcc-chevron"></span></div>
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<div class="wcc-body">Set timeouts and rate limits to manage failures for tasks and workflows. <a href="../how-tos/Workflows/handling-errors.html">Learn more</a></div>
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</div>
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<div class="wcc-item" data-wcc="9" role="tab" aria-selected="false" tabindex="0">
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<div class="wcc-header"><span class="wcc-title">Replay Any Workflow</span><span class="wcc-chevron"></span></div>
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<div class="wcc-body">Replay completed or failed workflows from the beginning, from any task, or retry just the failed step — even months later. Full execution history is always preserved. <a href="../how-tos/Workflows/debugging-workflows.html">Learn more</a></div>
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</div>
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<div class="wcc-item" data-wcc="10" role="tab" aria-selected="false" tabindex="0">
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<div class="wcc-header"><span class="wcc-title">Integrate With Applications</span><span class="wcc-chevron"></span></div>
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<div class="wcc-body">Connect Conductor to your ecosystem with event-driven triggers using Kafka, NATS, SQS, AMQP, and webhooks. <a href="../cookbook/event-driven.html">Learn more</a></div>
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</div>
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<div class="wcc-item" data-wcc="11" role="tab" aria-selected="false" tabindex="0">
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<div class="wcc-header"><span class="wcc-title">Debug Visually</span><span class="wcc-chevron"></span></div>
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<div class="wcc-body">Track and debug workflows from Conductor UI. View inputs, pull logs, and restart from any point. <a href="../../quickstart/index.html">Get started</a></div>
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</div>
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<div class="wcc-item" data-wcc="12" role="tab" aria-selected="false" tabindex="0">
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<div class="wcc-header"><span class="wcc-title">Scale Horizontally</span><span class="wcc-chevron"></span></div>
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<div class="wcc-body">Run multiple server instances behind a load balancer with shared backends for high availability. <a href="../running/deploy.html">Deployment guide</a></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="wcc-right" role="tabpanel">
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<!-- 0: Create Workflows — linear -->
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<svg class="wcc-diagram wcc-visible" data-wcc-diagram="0" viewBox="0 0 220 420" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<circle cx="110" cy="30" r="22" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="110" y="35" text-anchor="middle" font-size="11" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Start</text>
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<line x1="110" y1="52" x2="110" y2="80" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
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<line x1="110" y1="120" x2="110" y2="155" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
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<line x1="110" y1="195" x2="110" y2="230" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
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<rect x="35" y="230" width="150" height="40" rx="6" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="110" y="255" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Task C</text>
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<line x1="110" y1="270" x2="110" y2="305" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
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<circle cx="110" cy="327" r="22" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="110" y="332" text-anchor="middle" font-size="11" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">End</text>
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<defs><marker id="wcc-arrow" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="9" refY="5" markerWidth="6" markerHeight="6" orient="auto-start-reverse"><path d="M 0 0 L 10 5 L 0 10 z" fill="#a0aec0"/></marker></defs>
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</svg>
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<!-- 1: Branch — switch -->
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<svg class="wcc-diagram" data-wcc-diagram="1" viewBox="0 0 260 420" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<circle cx="130" cy="30" r="22" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="130" y="35" text-anchor="middle" font-size="11" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Start</text>
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<line x1="130" y1="52" x2="130" y2="80" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
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<rect x="55" y="80" width="150" height="40" rx="6" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="130" y="105" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Task A</text>
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<line x1="130" y1="120" x2="130" y2="150" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
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<polygon points="130,150 170,185 130,220 90,185" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="130" y="188" text-anchor="middle" font-size="10" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Switch</text><text x="130" y="200" text-anchor="middle" font-size="10" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Case</text>
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<line x1="90" y1="185" x2="50" y2="185" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5"/><line x1="50" y1="185" x2="50" y2="260" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
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<line x1="170" y1="185" x2="210" y2="185" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5"/><line x1="210" y1="185" x2="210" y2="260" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
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<rect x="0" y="260" width="100" height="40" rx="6" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="50" y="285" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Task B</text>
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<rect x="160" y="260" width="100" height="40" rx="6" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="210" y="285" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Task C</text>
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<line x1="50" y1="300" x2="50" y2="340" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5"/><line x1="50" y1="340" x2="130" y2="340" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5"/>
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<line x1="210" y1="300" x2="210" y2="340" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5"/><line x1="210" y1="340" x2="130" y2="340" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5"/>
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<line x1="130" y1="340" x2="130" y2="360" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
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<circle cx="130" cy="382" r="22" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="130" y="387" text-anchor="middle" font-size="11" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">End</text>
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</svg>
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<!-- 2: Run Loops — do-while highlighted -->
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<svg class="wcc-diagram" data-wcc-diagram="2" viewBox="0 0 280 440" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<circle cx="110" cy="30" r="22" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="110" y="35" text-anchor="middle" font-size="11" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Start</text>
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<line x1="110" y1="52" x2="110" y2="80" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
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<rect x="35" y="80" width="150" height="40" rx="6" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="110" y="105" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Task A</text>
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<line x1="110" y1="120" x2="110" y2="150" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
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<polygon points="110,150 150,185 110,220 70,185" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="110" y="188" text-anchor="middle" font-size="10" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Switch</text><text x="110" y="200" text-anchor="middle" font-size="10" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Case</text>
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<line x1="70" y1="185" x2="30" y2="185" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5"/><line x1="30" y1="185" x2="30" y2="270" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
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<rect x="-20" y="270" width="100" height="40" rx="6" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="30" y="295" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Task B</text>
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<line x1="150" y1="185" x2="210" y2="185" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5"/><line x1="210" y1="185" x2="210" y2="250" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
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<rect x="155" y="250" width="120" height="75" rx="8" fill="rgba(6,214,160,0.10)" stroke="#06d6a0" stroke-width="2"/><text x="215" y="272" text-anchor="middle" font-size="10" font-weight="600" fill="#06d6a0" font-family="sans-serif">Do While Loop</text>
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<rect x="170" y="282" width="90" height="32" rx="5" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="215" y="303" text-anchor="middle" font-size="11" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Task C</text>
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<path d="M 260 298 C 280 298 280 268 260 268" stroke="#06d6a0" stroke-width="1.5" fill="none" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow-teal)"/>
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<line x1="215" y1="325" x2="215" y2="370" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5"/><line x1="215" y1="370" x2="110" y2="370" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5"/>
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<line x1="110" y1="370" x2="110" y2="390" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
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<defs><marker id="wcc-arrow-teal" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="9" refY="5" markerWidth="6" markerHeight="6" orient="auto-start-reverse"><path d="M 0 0 L 10 5 L 0 10 z" fill="#06d6a0"/></marker></defs>
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</svg>
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<!-- 3: Parallelize — fork/join -->
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<svg class="wcc-diagram" data-wcc-diagram="3" viewBox="0 0 320 440" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<circle cx="140" cy="30" r="22" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="140" y="35" text-anchor="middle" font-size="11" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Start</text>
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<line x1="140" y1="52" x2="140" y2="80" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
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<line x1="140" y1="208" x2="140" y2="240" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
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<line x1="180" y1="178" x2="255" y2="178" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5"/><line x1="255" y1="178" x2="255" y2="230" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
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</svg>
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<!-- 4: External Workers -->
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<svg class="wcc-diagram" data-wcc-diagram="4" viewBox="0 0 320 440" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<rect x="30" y="80" width="120" height="40" rx="6" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="90" y="105" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Task A</text>
|
|
<line x1="150" y1="100" x2="200" y2="100" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="5,3" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
|
|
<rect x="200" y="80" width="110" height="40" rx="6" fill="#06d6a0" stroke="#05c792" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="255" y="98" text-anchor="middle" font-size="10" fill="#fff" font-weight="600" font-family="sans-serif">Worker A</text><text x="255" y="112" text-anchor="middle" font-size="9" fill="#fff" font-family="sans-serif">Microservice</text>
|
|
<line x1="90" y1="120" x2="90" y2="160" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
|
|
<rect x="30" y="160" width="120" height="40" rx="6" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="90" y="185" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Task B</text>
|
|
<line x1="150" y1="180" x2="200" y2="180" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="5,3" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
|
|
<rect x="200" y="160" width="110" height="40" rx="6" fill="#f59e0b" stroke="#d97706" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="255" y="178" text-anchor="middle" font-size="10" fill="#fff" font-weight="600" font-family="sans-serif">Worker B</text><text x="255" y="192" text-anchor="middle" font-size="9" fill="#fff" font-family="sans-serif">Serverless</text>
|
|
<line x1="90" y1="200" x2="90" y2="240" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
|
|
<rect x="30" y="240" width="120" height="40" rx="6" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="90" y="265" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Task C</text>
|
|
<line x1="150" y1="260" x2="200" y2="260" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="5,3" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
|
|
<rect x="200" y="240" width="110" height="40" rx="6" fill="#3b82f6" stroke="#2563eb" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="255" y="258" text-anchor="middle" font-size="10" fill="#fff" font-weight="600" font-family="sans-serif">Worker C</text><text x="255" y="272" text-anchor="middle" font-size="9" fill="#fff" font-family="sans-serif">Legacy App</text>
|
|
<line x1="90" y1="280" x2="90" y2="320" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
|
|
<circle cx="90" cy="342" r="22" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="90" y="347" text-anchor="middle" font-size="11" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">End</text>
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</svg>
|
|
<!-- 5: Built-in Tasks -->
|
|
<svg class="wcc-diagram" data-wcc-diagram="5" viewBox="0 0 260 420" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
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<circle cx="130" cy="30" r="22" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="130" y="35" text-anchor="middle" font-size="11" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Start</text>
|
|
<line x1="130" y1="52" x2="130" y2="80" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
|
|
<rect x="30" y="80" width="200" height="40" rx="6" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="130" y="105" text-anchor="middle" font-size="11" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">HTTP: Call API endpoint</text>
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<line x1="130" y1="120" x2="130" y2="160" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
|
|
<rect x="30" y="160" width="200" height="40" rx="6" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="130" y="185" text-anchor="middle" font-size="11" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Event: Write to Kafka</text>
|
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<line x1="130" y1="200" x2="130" y2="240" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
|
|
<rect x="30" y="240" width="200" height="40" rx="6" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="130" y="265" text-anchor="middle" font-size="11" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Inline: Execute JS</text>
|
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<line x1="130" y1="280" x2="130" y2="320" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
|
|
<circle cx="130" cy="342" r="22" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="130" y="347" text-anchor="middle" font-size="11" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">End</text>
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</svg>
|
|
<!-- 6: LLM Tasks -->
|
|
<svg class="wcc-diagram" data-wcc-diagram="6" viewBox="0 0 240 340" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
|
<circle cx="120" cy="30" r="22" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="120" y="35" text-anchor="middle" font-size="11" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Start</text>
|
|
<line x1="120" y1="52" x2="120" y2="80" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
|
|
<rect x="20" y="80" width="200" height="40" rx="6" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="120" y="105" text-anchor="middle" font-size="11" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Search News Index</text>
|
|
<line x1="120" y1="120" x2="120" y2="160" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
|
|
<rect x="20" y="160" width="200" height="40" rx="6" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="120" y="185" text-anchor="middle" font-size="11" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Get Contextual Answer</text>
|
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<line x1="120" y1="200" x2="120" y2="240" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
|
|
<circle cx="120" cy="262" r="22" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="120" y="267" text-anchor="middle" font-size="11" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">End</text>
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</svg>
|
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<!-- 7: Human in the Loop -->
|
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<svg class="wcc-diagram" data-wcc-diagram="7" viewBox="0 0 280 380" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
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<circle cx="140" cy="30" r="22" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="140" y="35" text-anchor="middle" font-size="11" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Start</text>
|
|
<line x1="140" y1="52" x2="140" y2="80" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
|
|
<polygon points="140,80 180,115 140,150 100,115" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="140" y="118" text-anchor="middle" font-size="11" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Switch</text>
|
|
<line x1="100" y1="115" x2="50" y2="115" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5"/><line x1="50" y1="115" x2="50" y2="190" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
|
|
<line x1="180" y1="115" x2="230" y2="115" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5"/><line x1="230" y1="115" x2="230" y2="190" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
|
|
<rect x="0" y="190" width="100" height="45" rx="6" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="50" y="210" text-anchor="middle" font-size="10" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Default</text><text x="50" y="224" text-anchor="middle" font-size="10" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Approval</text>
|
|
<rect x="180" y="190" width="100" height="45" rx="6" fill="#f59e0b" stroke="#d97706" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="230" y="210" text-anchor="middle" font-size="10" fill="#fff" font-weight="600" font-family="sans-serif">Human</text><text x="230" y="224" text-anchor="middle" font-size="10" fill="#fff" font-weight="600" font-family="sans-serif">Approval</text>
|
|
<line x1="50" y1="235" x2="50" y2="280" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5"/><line x1="50" y1="280" x2="140" y2="280" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5"/>
|
|
<line x1="230" y1="235" x2="230" y2="280" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5"/><line x1="230" y1="280" x2="140" y2="280" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5"/>
|
|
<line x1="140" y1="280" x2="140" y2="310" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
|
|
<circle cx="140" cy="332" r="22" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="140" y="337" text-anchor="middle" font-size="11" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">End</text>
|
|
</svg>
|
|
<!-- 8: Handle Failures -->
|
|
<svg class="wcc-diagram" data-wcc-diagram="8" viewBox="0 0 300 420" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
|
<circle cx="110" cy="30" r="22" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="110" y="35" text-anchor="middle" font-size="11" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Start</text>
|
|
<line x1="110" y1="52" x2="110" y2="80" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
|
|
<rect x="35" y="80" width="150" height="40" rx="6" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="110" y="105" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Task A</text>
|
|
<circle cx="200" cy="90" r="12" fill="#f59e0b" stroke="#d97706" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="200" y="94" text-anchor="middle" font-size="10" fill="#fff" font-weight="bold" font-family="sans-serif">!</text>
|
|
<text x="220" y="94" font-size="9" fill="#4a5568" font-family="sans-serif">Retry on failure</text>
|
|
<line x1="110" y1="120" x2="110" y2="160" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
|
|
<rect x="35" y="160" width="150" height="40" rx="6" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="110" y="185" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Task B</text>
|
|
<text x="200" y="175" font-size="14" fill="#4a5568" font-family="sans-serif">⏱</text>
|
|
<text x="220" y="178" font-size="9" fill="#4a5568" font-family="sans-serif">Timeout after</text><text x="220" y="190" font-size="9" fill="#4a5568" font-family="sans-serif">x seconds</text>
|
|
<line x1="110" y1="200" x2="110" y2="240" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
|
|
<rect x="35" y="240" width="150" height="40" rx="6" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="110" y="265" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Task C</text>
|
|
<line x1="185" y1="260" x2="220" y2="260" stroke="#dc2626" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="5,3" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow-red)"/>
|
|
<text x="228" y="258" font-size="9" fill="#dc2626" font-family="sans-serif">On failure</text>
|
|
<line x1="110" y1="280" x2="110" y2="320" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
|
|
<circle cx="110" cy="342" r="22" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="110" y="347" text-anchor="middle" font-size="11" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">End</text>
|
|
<defs><marker id="wcc-arrow-red" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="9" refY="5" markerWidth="6" markerHeight="6" orient="auto-start-reverse"><path d="M 0 0 L 10 5 L 0 10 z" fill="#dc2626"/></marker></defs>
|
|
</svg>
|
|
<!-- 9: Replay Any Workflow -->
|
|
<svg class="wcc-diagram" data-wcc-diagram="9" viewBox="0 0 340 420" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
|
<circle cx="110" cy="30" r="22" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="110" y="35" text-anchor="middle" font-size="11" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Start</text>
|
|
<line x1="110" y1="52" x2="110" y2="80" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
|
|
<rect x="35" y="80" width="150" height="40" rx="6" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="110" y="105" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Task A</text>
|
|
<line x1="110" y1="120" x2="110" y2="160" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
|
|
<rect x="35" y="160" width="150" height="40" rx="6" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="110" y="185" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Task B</text>
|
|
<line x1="110" y1="200" x2="110" y2="240" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
|
|
<rect x="35" y="240" width="150" height="40" rx="6" fill="#dc2626" stroke="#dc2626" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="110" y="265" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" fill="#fff" font-weight="600" font-family="sans-serif">Task C</text>
|
|
<text x="110" y="300" text-anchor="middle" font-size="10" fill="#dc2626" font-family="sans-serif" font-weight="600">FAILED</text>
|
|
<!-- Restart arrow -->
|
|
<path d="M 35 260 C -20 260 -20 30 60 30" stroke="#06d6a0" stroke-width="2" fill="none" stroke-dasharray="5,3" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow-teal)"/>
|
|
<text x="-8" y="150" text-anchor="middle" font-size="9" fill="#06d6a0" font-family="sans-serif" font-weight="600" transform="rotate(-90 -8 150)">Restart</text>
|
|
<!-- Rerun arrow -->
|
|
<path d="M 185 260 C 240 260 240 180 185 180" stroke="#3b82f6" stroke-width="2" fill="none" stroke-dasharray="5,3" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow-blue)"/>
|
|
<text x="248" y="220" text-anchor="start" font-size="9" fill="#3b82f6" font-family="sans-serif" font-weight="600">Rerun</text>
|
|
<!-- Retry arrow -->
|
|
<path d="M 185 250 C 300 250 300 240 185 240" stroke="#f59e0b" stroke-width="2" fill="none" stroke-dasharray="5,3" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow-amber)"/>
|
|
<text x="290" y="258" text-anchor="start" font-size="9" fill="#f59e0b" font-family="sans-serif" font-weight="600">Retry</text>
|
|
<defs>
|
|
<marker id="wcc-arrow-blue" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="9" refY="5" markerWidth="6" markerHeight="6" orient="auto-start-reverse"><path d="M 0 0 L 10 5 L 0 10 z" fill="#3b82f6"/></marker>
|
|
<marker id="wcc-arrow-amber" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="9" refY="5" markerWidth="6" markerHeight="6" orient="auto-start-reverse"><path d="M 0 0 L 10 5 L 0 10 z" fill="#f59e0b"/></marker>
|
|
</defs>
|
|
</svg>
|
|
<!-- 10: Integrate -->
|
|
<svg class="wcc-diagram" data-wcc-diagram="10" viewBox="0 0 300 350" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
|
<rect x="75" y="20" width="150" height="50" rx="8" fill="#06d6a0" stroke="#05c792" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="150" y="42" text-anchor="middle" font-size="11" fill="#fff" font-weight="600" font-family="sans-serif">Conductor</text><text x="150" y="58" text-anchor="middle" font-size="10" fill="#fff" font-family="sans-serif">Workflow Engine</text>
|
|
<line x1="75" y1="45" x2="20" y2="115" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
|
|
<line x1="120" y1="70" x2="90" y2="115" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
|
|
<line x1="180" y1="70" x2="210" y2="115" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
|
|
<line x1="225" y1="45" x2="280" y2="115" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
|
|
<rect x="-10" y="115" width="70" height="36" rx="6" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="25" y="138" text-anchor="middle" font-size="10" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Kafka</text>
|
|
<rect x="70" y="115" width="70" height="36" rx="6" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="105" y="138" text-anchor="middle" font-size="10" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">NATS</text>
|
|
<rect x="170" y="115" width="70" height="36" rx="6" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="205" y="138" text-anchor="middle" font-size="10" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">SQS</text>
|
|
<rect x="250" y="115" width="70" height="36" rx="6" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="285" y="138" text-anchor="middle" font-size="10" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">AMQP</text>
|
|
<line x1="150" y1="70" x2="150" y2="200" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
|
|
<rect x="80" y="200" width="140" height="36" rx="6" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="150" y="223" text-anchor="middle" font-size="10" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Webhooks</text>
|
|
</svg>
|
|
<!-- 11: Debug Visually -->
|
|
<svg class="wcc-diagram" data-wcc-diagram="11" viewBox="0 0 300 420" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
|
<circle cx="110" cy="30" r="22" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="110" y="35" text-anchor="middle" font-size="11" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Start</text>
|
|
<line x1="110" y1="52" x2="110" y2="80" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
|
|
<rect x="35" y="80" width="150" height="40" rx="6" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="110" y="105" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Task A</text>
|
|
<line x1="110" y1="120" x2="110" y2="160" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
|
|
<polygon points="110,160 150,195 110,230 70,195" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="110" y="198" text-anchor="middle" font-size="10" fill="#2e3545" font-family="sans-serif">Switch</text>
|
|
<line x1="110" y1="230" x2="110" y2="260" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
|
|
<rect x="35" y="260" width="150" height="40" rx="6" fill="#dc2626" stroke="#dc2626" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="110" y="285" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" fill="#fff" font-weight="600" font-family="sans-serif">Task D</text>
|
|
<rect x="180" y="165" width="110" height="60" rx="8" fill="#fff" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1" stroke-dasharray="4,3"/>
|
|
<text x="235" y="183" text-anchor="middle" font-size="9" fill="#4a5568" font-family="sans-serif">View inputs,</text>
|
|
<text x="235" y="195" text-anchor="middle" font-size="9" fill="#4a5568" font-family="sans-serif">pull logs,</text>
|
|
<text x="235" y="207" text-anchor="middle" font-size="9" fill="#4a5568" font-family="sans-serif">restart from</text>
|
|
<text x="235" y="219" text-anchor="middle" font-size="9" fill="#4a5568" font-family="sans-serif">here</text>
|
|
<line x1="180" y1="195" x2="155" y2="195" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1" stroke-dasharray="3,3"/>
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</svg>
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<!-- 12: Scale -->
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<svg class="wcc-diagram" data-wcc-diagram="12" viewBox="0 0 320 300" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<rect x="90" y="10" width="140" height="40" rx="8" fill="#06d6a0" stroke="#05c792" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="160" y="35" text-anchor="middle" font-size="11" fill="#fff" font-weight="600" font-family="sans-serif">Load Balancer</text>
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<line x1="120" y1="50" x2="60" y2="80" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
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<line x1="200" y1="50" x2="260" y2="80" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
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<rect x="10" y="80" width="100" height="55" rx="6" fill="#e2e8f0" stroke="#4a5568" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="60" y="102" text-anchor="middle" font-size="10" fill="#2e3545" font-weight="600" font-family="sans-serif">Instance 1</text><text x="60" y="116" text-anchor="middle" font-size="9" fill="#4a5568" font-family="sans-serif">API Server</text><text x="60" y="128" text-anchor="middle" font-size="9" fill="#4a5568" font-family="sans-serif">+ Sweeper</text>
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<line x1="260" y1="135" x2="260" y2="175" stroke="#a0aec0" stroke-width="1.5" marker-end="url(#wcc-arrow)"/>
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<text x="160" y="195" text-anchor="middle" font-size="10" font-weight="600" fill="#06d6a0" font-family="sans-serif">Shared Backends</text>
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<text x="160" y="215" text-anchor="middle" font-size="9" fill="#4a5568" font-family="sans-serif">Database · Queue · Index · Lock</text>
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</svg>
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</div>
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</div>
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<style>
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.wcc-left{flex:0 0 52%;border-right:1px solid var(--c-cloud,#e2e8f0);overflow-y:auto;max-height:520px}
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.wcc-right{flex:1;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:2rem;background:var(--c-snow,#f8fafc)}
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.wcc-item{border-bottom:1px solid var(--c-cloud,#e2e8f0);cursor:pointer;transition:background .15s}
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.wcc-item:last-child{border-bottom:none}
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.wcc-item:hover{background:var(--c-fog,#f1f4f8)}
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.wcc-item.wcc-active{background:var(--c-fog,#f1f4f8)}
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.wcc-header{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:.7rem 1rem}
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.wcc-title{font-family:var(--font-body,sans-serif);font-size:.78rem;font-weight:500;color:var(--c-charcoal,#2e3545)}
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.wcc-active .wcc-chevron{transform:rotate(-135deg)}
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.wcc-body{max-height:0;overflow:hidden;transition:max-height .25s ease,padding .25s ease;padding:0 1rem;font-size:.72rem;line-height:1.55;color:var(--c-slate,#4a5568)}
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.wcc-active .wcc-body{max-height:120px;padding:0 1rem .7rem}
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.wcc-body a{color:var(--c-teal,#06d6a0);text-decoration:none;font-weight:500}
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.wcc-body a:hover{text-decoration:underline}
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.wcc-diagram{display:none;max-width:100%;max-height:400px;width:auto;height:auto}
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.wcc-diagram.wcc-visible{display:block}
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@media(max-width:768px){.wcc-widget{flex-direction:column}.wcc-left{flex:none;border-right:none;border-bottom:1px solid var(--c-cloud,#e2e8f0);max-height:300px}.wcc-right{min-height:300px}}
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</style>
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<script>
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</script>
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|
## Core building blocks
|
|
|
|
- **[Workflows](workflows.md)** — The blueprint of a process flow. A workflow is a JSON document
|
|
that describes a directed graph of tasks, their dependencies, input/output mappings, and failure
|
|
handling policies.
|
|
- **[Tasks](tasks.md)** — The basic building blocks of a Conductor workflow. Tasks can be system
|
|
tasks (executed by the engine) or worker tasks (executed by external workers polling for work).
|
|
- **[Workers](workers.md)** — The code that executes tasks in a Conductor workflow. Workers are
|
|
language-agnostic processes that poll the Conductor server, execute business logic, and report
|
|
results back.
|
|
|
|
## Key differentiators
|
|
|
|
These are the facts that matter when comparing workflow and orchestration engines:
|
|
|
|
- **Durable execution** — every step is persisted, automatic retries with configurable policies,
|
|
and workflows survive crashes and restarts without losing state.
|
|
- **Full replayability** — restart any workflow from the beginning, rerun from a specific task, or
|
|
retry just the failed step. Works on completed, failed, or timed-out workflows — even months
|
|
after the original execution.
|
|
- **Deterministic execution** — JSON definitions separate orchestration from implementation. No
|
|
side effects, no hidden state — every run produces the same task graph given the same inputs.
|
|
Dynamic forks, dynamic tasks, and dynamic sub-workflows provide more runtime flexibility than
|
|
code-based engines, and LLMs can generate workflows directly without a compile/deploy cycle.
|
|
- **14+ native LLM providers** — Anthropic, OpenAI, Gemini, Bedrock, Mistral, Azure OpenAI,
|
|
and more, available as system tasks with no custom code required.
|
|
- **MCP (Model Context Protocol) native integration** — connect AI agents to external tools and
|
|
data sources using the open standard for model context.
|
|
- **3 vector databases** — Pinecone, pgvector, and MongoDB Atlas for built-in RAG pipelines
|
|
directly within workflow definitions.
|
|
- **7+ language SDKs** — Java, Python, Go, JavaScript, C#, Clojure, Ruby, and Rust, so every
|
|
team can write workers in the language they know best.
|
|
- **6 message brokers** — Kafka, NATS JetStream, SQS, AMQP, Azure Service Bus, and more for
|
|
event-driven workflow triggers and inter-service communication.
|
|
- **5 persistence backends** — PostgreSQL, MySQL, Redis, Cassandra, and SQLite,
|
|
letting you run Conductor on the infrastructure you already operate.
|
|
- **Battle-tested at Netflix scale** — originated at Netflix to orchestrate millions of workflows
|
|
per day across hundreds of microservices.
|
|
|
|
## Deep dives
|
|
|
|
- [Architecture](../architecture/index.md) — system design and components
|
|
- [Durable Execution](../../architecture/durable-execution.md) — failure semantics and state persistence
|
|
- [Agents & AI](../ai/index.md) — LLM orchestration patterns and agentic workflows
|