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paths
paths
**/*.cpp
**/*.hpp
**/*.cc
**/*.hh
**/*.cxx
**/*.h
**/CMakeLists.txt

C++ パターン

このファイルは common/patterns.md を C++ 固有のコンテンツで拡張します。

RAIIResource Acquisition Is Initialization

リソースのライフタイムをオブジェクトのライフタイムに結びつける:

class FileHandle {
public:
    explicit FileHandle(const std::string& path) : file_(std::fopen(path.c_str(), "r")) {}
    ~FileHandle() { if (file_) std::fclose(file_); }
    FileHandle(const FileHandle&) = delete;
    FileHandle& operator=(const FileHandle&) = delete;
private:
    std::FILE* file_;
};

5の法則/0の法則

  • 0の法則: カスタムデストラクタ、コピー/ムーブコンストラクタ、代入が不要なクラスを優先する
  • 5の法則: デストラクタ/コピーコンストラクタ/コピー代入/ムーブコンストラクタ/ムーブ代入のいずれかを定義する場合、5つすべてを定義する

値セマンティクス

  • 小さい/トリビアルな型は値渡しにする
  • 大きな型は const& で渡す
  • 値で返す(RVO/NRVO に依存する)
  • シンクパラメータにはムーブセマンティクスを使用する

エラーハンドリング

  • 例外的な状況には例外を使用する
  • 存在しない可能性のある値には std::optional を使用する
  • 想定される失敗には std::expectedC++23)または結果型を使用する

参考

包括的な C++ パターンとアンチパターンについてはスキル: cpp-coding-standards を参照。