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C++ パターン
このファイルは common/patterns.md を C++ 固有のコンテンツで拡張します。
RAII(Resource Acquisition Is Initialization)
リソースのライフタイムをオブジェクトのライフタイムに結びつける:
class FileHandle {
public:
explicit FileHandle(const std::string& path) : file_(std::fopen(path.c_str(), "r")) {}
~FileHandle() { if (file_) std::fclose(file_); }
FileHandle(const FileHandle&) = delete;
FileHandle& operator=(const FileHandle&) = delete;
private:
std::FILE* file_;
};
5の法則/0の法則
- 0の法則: カスタムデストラクタ、コピー/ムーブコンストラクタ、代入が不要なクラスを優先する
- 5の法則: デストラクタ/コピーコンストラクタ/コピー代入/ムーブコンストラクタ/ムーブ代入のいずれかを定義する場合、5つすべてを定義する
値セマンティクス
- 小さい/トリビアルな型は値渡しにする
- 大きな型は
const&で渡す - 値で返す(RVO/NRVO に依存する)
- シンクパラメータにはムーブセマンティクスを使用する
エラーハンドリング
- 例外的な状況には例外を使用する
- 存在しない可能性のある値には
std::optionalを使用する - 想定される失敗には
std::expected(C++23)または結果型を使用する
参考
包括的な C++ パターンとアンチパターンについてはスキル: cpp-coding-standards を参照。