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chore: import upstream snapshot with attribution
2026-07-13 12:15:35 +08:00

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---
paths:
- "**/*.cpp"
- "**/*.hpp"
- "**/*.cc"
- "**/*.hh"
- "**/*.cxx"
- "**/*.h"
- "**/CMakeLists.txt"
---
# C++ パターン
> このファイルは [common/patterns.md](../common/patterns.md) を C++ 固有のコンテンツで拡張します。
## RAIIResource Acquisition Is Initialization
リソースのライフタイムをオブジェクトのライフタイムに結びつける:
```cpp
class FileHandle {
public:
explicit FileHandle(const std::string& path) : file_(std::fopen(path.c_str(), "r")) {}
~FileHandle() { if (file_) std::fclose(file_); }
FileHandle(const FileHandle&) = delete;
FileHandle& operator=(const FileHandle&) = delete;
private:
std::FILE* file_;
};
```
## 5の法則/0の法則
- **0の法則**: カスタムデストラクタ、コピー/ムーブコンストラクタ、代入が不要なクラスを優先する
- **5の法則**: デストラクタ/コピーコンストラクタ/コピー代入/ムーブコンストラクタ/ムーブ代入のいずれかを定義する場合、5つすべてを定義する
## 値セマンティクス
- 小さい/トリビアルな型は値渡しにする
- 大きな型は `const&` で渡す
- 値で返す(RVO/NRVO に依存する)
- シンクパラメータにはムーブセマンティクスを使用する
## エラーハンドリング
- 例外的な状況には例外を使用する
- 存在しない可能性のある値には `std::optional` を使用する
- 想定される失敗には `std::expected`C++23)または結果型を使用する
## 参考
包括的な C++ パターンとアンチパターンについてはスキル: `cpp-coding-standards` を参照。