chore: import upstream snapshot with attribution

docs/articles/modules/path.md

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+## When To Use std.path
+
+In Zerolang, use `std.path` for lexical path operations that borrow from input
+paths or write into caller-owned buffers.
+
+Runnable today:
+
+| API | Return | Notes |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| `std.path.basename(path)` | `String` | Borrows the final lexical component of `path`. |
+| `std.path.dirname(path)` | `String` | Borrows or returns the lexical parent portion of `path`. |
+| `std.path.extension(path)` | `String` | Borrows the suffix after the last `.` in the final component. |
+| `std.path.stem(path)` | `String` | Borrows the final component without its extension. |
+| `std.path.splitDir(path)` | `String` | Borrows the directory side of the final split. |
+| `std.path.splitBase(path)` | `String` | Borrows the basename side of the final split. |
+| `std.path.isAbs(path)` | `Bool` | Returns true for paths that begin with a path separator. |
+| `std.path.componentCount(path)` | `usize` | Counts non-empty lexical path components. |
+| `std.path.component(path, index)` | `Maybe<String>` | Borrows one non-empty lexical component by index. |
+| `std.path.abs(buffer, base, target)` | `Maybe<String>` | Copies `target` when already absolute, or joins `base` and `target` into caller storage. |
+| `std.path.join(buffer, left, right)` | `Maybe<String>` | Joins two path fragments into caller-provided fixed buffer storage. |
+| `std.path.normalize(buffer, path)` | `Maybe<String>` | Collapses repeated `/`, `.`, and lexical `..` segments into caller-provided storage. |
+| `std.path.relative(buffer, base, target)` | `Maybe<String>` | Produces a target-relative lexical path when possible, or copies `target`. |
+
+Current scope:
+
+- Helpers are target-neutral lexical operations over `/` and `\` separators.
+- Buffer-writing helpers return `null` when caller storage is too small.
+- The module does not implement platform-specific path rules, drive prefixes, or filesystem access.
+
+## Example
+
+```zero
+pub fn main(world: World) -> Void raises {
+    var storage: [64]u8 = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
+    let path: Maybe<String> = std.path.join(storage, ".zero", "example.txt")
+    if path.has {
+        check world.out.write(path.value)
+        check world.out.write("\n")
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## Design Notes
+
+`std.path.basename`, `dirname`, `extension`, `stem`, `splitDir`, `splitBase`,
+and `component` return borrowed views into the input path. `std.path.abs`,
+`join`, `normalize`, and `relative` write into caller storage and return `null`
+when the buffer is too small. They do not allocate.
+
+The current behavior uses `/` as the portable package/example separator. These
+helpers are lexical string helpers, not target-specific filesystem resolvers.