chore: import upstream snapshot with attribution
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# Extraction & Chunking Strategies API
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This documentation covers the API reference for extraction and chunking strategies in Crawl4AI.
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## Extraction Strategies
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All extraction strategies inherit from the base `ExtractionStrategy` class and implement two key methods:
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- `extract(url: str, html: str) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]`
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- `run(url: str, sections: List[str]) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]`
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### LLMExtractionStrategy
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Used for extracting structured data using Language Models.
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```python
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LLMExtractionStrategy(
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# Required Parameters
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provider: str = DEFAULT_PROVIDER, # LLM provider (e.g., "ollama/llama2")
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api_token: Optional[str] = None, # API token
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# Extraction Configuration
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instruction: str = None, # Custom extraction instruction
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schema: Dict = None, # Pydantic model schema for structured data
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extraction_type: str = "block", # "block" or "schema"
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# Chunking Parameters
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chunk_token_threshold: int = 4000, # Maximum tokens per chunk
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overlap_rate: float = 0.1, # Overlap between chunks
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word_token_rate: float = 0.75, # Word to token conversion rate
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apply_chunking: bool = True, # Enable/disable chunking
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# API Configuration
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base_url: str = None, # Base URL for API
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extra_args: Dict = {}, # Additional provider arguments
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verbose: bool = False # Enable verbose logging
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)
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```
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### RegexExtractionStrategy
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Used for fast pattern-based extraction of common entities using regular expressions.
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```python
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RegexExtractionStrategy(
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# Pattern Configuration
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pattern: IntFlag = RegexExtractionStrategy.Nothing, # Bit flags of built-in patterns to use
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custom: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None, # Custom pattern dictionary {label: regex}
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# Input Format
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input_format: str = "fit_html", # "html", "markdown", "text" or "fit_html"
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)
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# Built-in Patterns as Bit Flags
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RegexExtractionStrategy.Email # Email addresses
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RegexExtractionStrategy.PhoneIntl # International phone numbers
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RegexExtractionStrategy.PhoneUS # US-format phone numbers
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RegexExtractionStrategy.Url # HTTP/HTTPS URLs
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RegexExtractionStrategy.IPv4 # IPv4 addresses
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RegexExtractionStrategy.IPv6 # IPv6 addresses
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RegexExtractionStrategy.Uuid # UUIDs
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RegexExtractionStrategy.Currency # Currency values (USD, EUR, etc)
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RegexExtractionStrategy.Percentage # Percentage values
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RegexExtractionStrategy.Number # Numeric values
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RegexExtractionStrategy.DateIso # ISO format dates
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RegexExtractionStrategy.DateUS # US format dates
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RegexExtractionStrategy.Time24h # 24-hour format times
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RegexExtractionStrategy.PostalUS # US postal codes
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RegexExtractionStrategy.PostalUK # UK postal codes
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RegexExtractionStrategy.HexColor # HTML hex color codes
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RegexExtractionStrategy.TwitterHandle # Twitter handles
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RegexExtractionStrategy.Hashtag # Hashtags
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RegexExtractionStrategy.MacAddr # MAC addresses
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RegexExtractionStrategy.Iban # International bank account numbers
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RegexExtractionStrategy.CreditCard # Credit card numbers
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RegexExtractionStrategy.All # All available patterns
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```
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### CosineStrategy
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Used for content similarity-based extraction and clustering.
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```python
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CosineStrategy(
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# Content Filtering
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semantic_filter: str = None, # Topic/keyword filter
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word_count_threshold: int = 10, # Minimum words per cluster
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sim_threshold: float = 0.3, # Similarity threshold
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# Clustering Parameters
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max_dist: float = 0.2, # Maximum cluster distance
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linkage_method: str = 'ward', # Clustering method
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top_k: int = 3, # Top clusters to return
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# Model Configuration
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model_name: str = 'sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2', # Embedding model
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verbose: bool = False # Enable verbose logging
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)
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```
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### JsonCssExtractionStrategy
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Used for CSS selector-based structured data extraction.
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```python
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JsonCssExtractionStrategy(
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schema: Dict[str, Any], # Extraction schema
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verbose: bool = False # Enable verbose logging
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)
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# Schema Structure
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schema = {
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"name": str, # Schema name
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"baseSelector": str, # Base CSS selector
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"fields": [ # List of fields to extract
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{
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"name": str, # Field name
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"selector": str, # CSS selector
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"type": str, # Field type: "text", "attribute", "html", "regex"
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"attribute": str, # For type="attribute"
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"pattern": str, # For type="regex"
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"transform": str, # Optional: "lowercase", "uppercase", "strip"
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"default": Any, # Default value if extraction fails
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"source": str, # Optional: navigate to sibling first, e.g. "+ tr"
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}
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]
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}
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```
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## Chunking Strategies
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All chunking strategies inherit from `ChunkingStrategy` and implement the `chunk(text: str) -> list` method.
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### RegexChunking
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Splits text based on regex patterns.
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```python
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RegexChunking(
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patterns: List[str] = None # Regex patterns for splitting
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# Default: [r'\n\n']
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)
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```
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### SlidingWindowChunking
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Creates overlapping chunks with a sliding window approach.
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```python
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SlidingWindowChunking(
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window_size: int = 100, # Window size in words
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step: int = 50 # Step size between windows
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)
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```
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### OverlappingWindowChunking
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Creates chunks with specified overlap.
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```python
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OverlappingWindowChunking(
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window_size: int = 1000, # Chunk size in words
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overlap: int = 100 # Overlap size in words
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)
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```
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## Usage Examples
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### LLM Extraction
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```python
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from pydantic import BaseModel
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from crawl4ai import LLMExtractionStrategy
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from crawl4ai import LLMConfig
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# Define schema
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class Article(BaseModel):
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title: str
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content: str
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author: str
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# Create strategy
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strategy = LLMExtractionStrategy(
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llm_config = LLMConfig(provider="ollama/llama2"),
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schema=Article.schema(),
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instruction="Extract article details"
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)
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# Use with crawler
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result = await crawler.arun(
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url="https://example.com/article",
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extraction_strategy=strategy
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)
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# Access extracted data
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data = json.loads(result.extracted_content)
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```
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### Regex Extraction
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```python
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import json
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from crawl4ai import AsyncWebCrawler, CrawlerRunConfig, RegexExtractionStrategy
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# Method 1: Use built-in patterns
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strategy = RegexExtractionStrategy(
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pattern = RegexExtractionStrategy.Email | RegexExtractionStrategy.Url
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)
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# Method 2: Use custom patterns
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price_pattern = {"usd_price": r"\$\s?\d{1,3}(?:,\d{3})*(?:\.\d{2})?"}
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strategy = RegexExtractionStrategy(custom=price_pattern)
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# Method 3: Generate pattern with LLM assistance (one-time)
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from crawl4ai import LLMConfig
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async with AsyncWebCrawler() as crawler:
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# Get sample HTML first
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sample_result = await crawler.arun("https://example.com/products")
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html = sample_result.markdown.fit_html
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# Generate regex pattern once
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pattern = RegexExtractionStrategy.generate_pattern(
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label="price",
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html=html,
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query="Product prices in USD format",
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llm_config=LLMConfig(provider="openai/gpt-4o-mini")
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)
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# Save pattern for reuse
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import json
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with open("price_pattern.json", "w") as f:
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json.dump(pattern, f)
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# Use pattern for extraction (no LLM calls)
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strategy = RegexExtractionStrategy(custom=pattern)
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result = await crawler.arun(
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url="https://example.com/products",
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config=CrawlerRunConfig(extraction_strategy=strategy)
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)
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# Process results
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data = json.loads(result.extracted_content)
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for item in data:
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print(f"{item['label']}: {item['value']}")
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```
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### CSS Extraction
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```python
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from crawl4ai import JsonCssExtractionStrategy
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# Define schema
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schema = {
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"name": "Product List",
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"baseSelector": ".product-card",
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"fields": [
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{
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"name": "title",
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"selector": "h2.title",
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"type": "text"
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},
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{
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"name": "price",
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"selector": ".price",
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"type": "text",
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"transform": "strip"
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},
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{
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"name": "image",
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"selector": "img",
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"type": "attribute",
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"attribute": "src"
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}
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]
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}
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# Create and use strategy
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strategy = JsonCssExtractionStrategy(schema)
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result = await crawler.arun(
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url="https://example.com/products",
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extraction_strategy=strategy
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)
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```
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### Content Chunking
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```python
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from crawl4ai.chunking_strategy import OverlappingWindowChunking
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from crawl4ai import LLMConfig
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# Create chunking strategy
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chunker = OverlappingWindowChunking(
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window_size=500, # 500 words per chunk
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overlap=50 # 50 words overlap
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)
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# Use with extraction strategy
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strategy = LLMExtractionStrategy(
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llm_config = LLMConfig(provider="ollama/llama2"),
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chunking_strategy=chunker
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)
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result = await crawler.arun(
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url="https://example.com/long-article",
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extraction_strategy=strategy
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)
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```
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## Best Practices
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1. **Choose the Right Strategy**
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- Use `RegexExtractionStrategy` for common data types like emails, phones, URLs, dates
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- Use `JsonCssExtractionStrategy` for well-structured HTML with consistent patterns
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- Use `LLMExtractionStrategy` for complex, unstructured content requiring reasoning
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- Use `CosineStrategy` for content similarity and clustering
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2. **Strategy Selection Guide**
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```
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Is the target data a common type (email/phone/date/URL)?
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→ RegexExtractionStrategy
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Does the page have consistent HTML structure?
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→ JsonCssExtractionStrategy or JsonXPathExtractionStrategy
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Is the data semantically complex or unstructured?
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→ LLMExtractionStrategy
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Need to find content similar to a specific topic?
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→ CosineStrategy
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```
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3. **Optimize Chunking**
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```python
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# For long documents
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strategy = LLMExtractionStrategy(
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chunk_token_threshold=2000, # Smaller chunks
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overlap_rate=0.1 # 10% overlap
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)
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```
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4. **Combine Strategies for Best Performance**
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```python
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# First pass: Extract structure with CSS
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css_strategy = JsonCssExtractionStrategy(product_schema)
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css_result = await crawler.arun(url, config=CrawlerRunConfig(extraction_strategy=css_strategy))
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product_data = json.loads(css_result.extracted_content)
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# Second pass: Extract specific fields with regex
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descriptions = [product["description"] for product in product_data]
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regex_strategy = RegexExtractionStrategy(
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pattern=RegexExtractionStrategy.Email | RegexExtractionStrategy.PhoneUS,
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custom={"dimension": r"\d+x\d+x\d+ (?:cm|in)"}
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)
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# Process descriptions with regex
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for text in descriptions:
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matches = regex_strategy.extract("", text) # Direct extraction
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```
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5. **Handle Errors**
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```python
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try:
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result = await crawler.arun(
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url="https://example.com",
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extraction_strategy=strategy
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)
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if result.success:
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content = json.loads(result.extracted_content)
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"Extraction failed: {e}")
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```
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6. **Monitor Performance**
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```python
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strategy = CosineStrategy(
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verbose=True, # Enable logging
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word_count_threshold=20, # Filter short content
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top_k=5 # Limit results
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)
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```
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7. **Cache Generated Patterns**
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```python
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# For RegexExtractionStrategy pattern generation
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import json
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from pathlib import Path
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cache_dir = Path("./pattern_cache")
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cache_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
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pattern_file = cache_dir / "product_pattern.json"
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if pattern_file.exists():
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with open(pattern_file) as f:
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pattern = json.load(f)
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else:
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# Generate once with LLM
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pattern = RegexExtractionStrategy.generate_pattern(...)
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with open(pattern_file, "w") as f:
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json.dump(pattern, f)
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```
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