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QA Evaluation

Repeated runs of QA evaluation on 24-item HotpotQA subset, comparing Mem0, Graphiti, LightRAG, and Cognee (multiple retriever configs). Uses Modal for distributed benchmark execution.

Dataset

  • hotpot_qa_24_corpus.json and hotpot_qa_24_qa_pairs.json
  • hotpot_qa_24_instance_filter.json for instance filtering

Systems Evaluated

  • Mem0: OpenAI-based memory QA system
  • Graphiti: LangChain + Neo4j knowledge graph QA
  • LightRAG: Falkor's GraphRAG-SDK
  • Cognee: Multiple retriever configurations (GRAPH_COMPLETION, GRAPH_COMPLETION_COT, GRAPH_COMPLETION_CONTEXT_EXTENSION)

Project Structure

  • src/ - Analysis scripts and QA implementations
  • src/modal_apps/ - Modal deployment configurations
  • src/qa/ - QA benchmark classes
  • src/helpers/ and src/analysis/ - Utilities

Notes:

  • Use PyProject.toml for dependencies
  • Ensure Modal CLI is configured
  • Modular QA benchmark classes enable parallel execution on other platforms beyond Modal

Running Benchmarks (Modal)

Execute repeated runs via Modal apps:

  • modal run modal_apps/modal_qa_benchmark_<system>.py

Where <system> is one of: mem0, graphiti, lightrag, cognee

Raw results stored in Modal volumes under /qa-benchmarks/<benchmark>/{answers,evaluated}

Results Analysis

  • python run_cross_benchmark_analysis.py
  • Downloads Modal volumes, processes evaluated JSONs
  • Generates per-benchmark CSVs and cross-benchmark summary
  • Use visualize_benchmarks.py to create comparison charts

Results

  • 45 evaluation cycles on 24 HotPotQA questions with multiple metrics (EM, F1, DeepEval Correctness, Human-like Correctness)
  • Significant variance observed in metrics across small runs due to LLM-as-judge inconsistencies
  • Cognee showed consistent improvements across all measured dimensions compared to Mem0, Lightrag, and Graphiti

Visualization Results

The following charts visualize the benchmark results and performance comparisons:

Comprehensive Metrics Comparison

Comprehensive Metrics Comparison

A comprehensive comparison of all evaluated systems across multiple metrics, showing Cognee's performance relative to Mem0, Graphiti, and LightRAG.

Optimized Cognee Configurations

Optimized Cognee Configurations

Performance analysis of different Cognee retriever configurations (GRAPH_COMPLETION, GRAPH_COMPLETION_COT, GRAPH_COMPLETION_CONTEXT_EXTENSION), showing optimization results.

Notes

  • Traditional QA metrics (EM/F1) miss core value of AI memory systems - measure letter/word differences rather than information content
  • HotPotQA benchmark mismatch - designed for multi-hop reasoning but operates in constrained contexts vs. real-world cross-context linking
  • DeepEval variance - LLM-as-judge evaluation carries inconsistencies of underlying language model