chore: import upstream snapshot with attribution

.github/CODEOWNERS

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+* @Panquesito7 @realstealthninja

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.yml

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+name: Bug report
+description: Create a report to help us improve. Report bugs found while using the project
+title: "[BUG]"
+labels: [bug]
+body:
+  - type: textarea
+    id: description
+    attributes:
+      label: Description
+      description: Provide a general summary of the issue in the Title above
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: expectedbhv
+    attributes:
+      label: Expected behavior
+      description: Tell us what should happen
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: actualbhv
+    attributes:
+      label: Actual behavior
+      description: Tell us what happens instead
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: steps
+    attributes:
+      label: Steps to reproduce
+      description: |
+         Provide a link to a live example, or an unambiguous set of steps to
+         reproduce this bug. Include code to reproduce, if relevant
+      placeholder: |
+        1.
+        2.
+        3.
+        4.
+    validations:
+      required: false
+  - type: textarea
+    id: context
+    attributes:
+      label: Context
+      description: How has this bug affected you? What were you trying to accomplish?
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: extrainformation
+    attributes:
+      label: Additional information
+      description: Is there anything else we should know about this bug?
+    validations:
+      required: false

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

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+blank_issues_enabled: false
+contact_links:
+  - name: Discord community
+    url: https://the-algorithms.com/discord/
+    about: Have any questions or found any bugs? Please contact us via Discord

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.yml

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+name: Feature request
+description: Suggest features, propose improvements, discuss new ideas.
+title: "[FEATURE]"
+labels: [enhancement]
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: Provide a general summary of the issue in the Title above
+  - type: textarea
+    id: description
+    attributes:
+      label: Detailed description
+      description: Provide a detailed description of the change or addition you are proposing
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: context
+    attributes:
+      label: Context
+      description: |
+        Why is this change important to you? How would you use it?
+        How can it benefit other users?
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: possibleimpl
+    attributes:
+      label: Possible implementation
+      description: Not obligatory, but suggest an idea for implementing addition or change
+    validations:
+      required: false
+  - type: textarea
+    id: extrainformation
+    attributes:
+      label: Additional information
+      description: Is there anything else we should know about this feature?
+    validations:
+      required: false

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/other.yml

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+name: Other issue
+description: Use this for any other issues. Do NOT create blank issues
+title: "[OTHER]"
+labels: ["awaiting triage"]
+body:
+  - type: textarea
+    id: description
+    attributes:
+      label: What would you like to share?
+      description: Provide a clear and concise explanation of your issue.
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: extrainfo
+    attributes:
+      label: Additional information
+      description: Is there anything else we should know about this issue?
+    validations:
+      required: false

.github/pull_request_template.md

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+#### Description of Change
+<!--
+Thank you for your Pull Request. Please provide a description above and review
+the requirements below.
+
+Contributors guide: https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md
+-->
+
+#### Checklist
+<!-- Remove items that do not apply. For completed items, change [ ] to [x]. -->
+
+- [ ] Added description of change
+- [ ] Added file name matches [File name guidelines](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#New-File-Name-guidelines)
+- [ ] Added tests and example, test must pass
+- [ ] Added documentation so that the program is self-explanatory and educational - [Doxygen guidelines](https://www.doxygen.nl/manual/docblocks.html)
+- [ ] Relevant documentation/comments is changed or added
+- [ ] PR title follows semantic [commit guidelines](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#Commit-Guidelines)
+- [ ] Search previous suggestions before making a new one, as yours may be a duplicate.
+- [ ] I acknowledge that all my contributions will be made under the project's license.
+
+Notes: <!-- Please add a one-line description for developers or pull request viewers -->

.github/workflows/approved-label.yml

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+on: pull_request_review
+name: Add "approved" label when approved
+permissions:
+  pull-requests: write
+jobs:
+  add_label:
+    name: Add "approved" label when approved
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Add "approved" label when approved
+        uses: realstealthninja/label-when-approved@main
+        with:
+          approvals: 1
+          secret: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          label: "approved"

.github/workflows/awesome_workflow.yml

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+name: Awesome CI Workflow
+on: [push, pull_request]
+permissions:
+  pull-requests: write
+  contents: write
+
+jobs:
+  MainSequence:
+    name: Code Formatter
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+      - name: requirements
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get -qq update
+          sudo apt-get -qq install clang-tidy clang-format
+        # checks are passing with less errors when used with this version.
+        # The default installs v6.0 which did not work out well in my tests
+      - name: Setup Git Specs
+        run: |
+          git config --global user.name github-actions[bot]
+          git config --global user.email 'github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com'
+      - name: Filename Formatter
+        run: |
+          wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/TheAlgorithms/scripts/main/filename_formatter.sh
+          chmod +x filename_formatter.sh
+          ./filename_formatter.sh . .cpp,.hpp
+      - name: Get file changes
+        run: |
+          git branch
+          git diff --diff-filter=dr --name-only origin/master > git_diff.txt
+          echo "Files changed-- `cat git_diff.txt`"
+      - name: Configure for static lint checks
+        # compiling first gives clang-tidy access to all the header files and settings used to compile the programs.
+        # This will check for macros, if any, on linux and not for Windows. But the use of portability checks should
+        # be able to catch any errors for other platforms.
+        run: cmake -B build -S . -DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=ON
+      - name: Lint modified files
+        shell: bash
+        run: python3 scripts/file_linter.py
+      - name: Commit and push changes
+        run: |
+          git diff DIRECTORY.md
+          git commit -am "clang-format and clang-tidy fixes for ${GITHUB_SHA::8}" || true
+          git push origin HEAD:$GITHUB_REF || true
+
+  build:
+    name: Compile checks
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    needs: [MainSequence]
+    permissions:
+      pull-requests: write
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macOS-latest]
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          submodules: true
+      - run: |
+          cmake -B ./build -S .
+          cmake --build build --parallel 4
+      - name: Label on PR fail
+        uses: actions/github-script@v6
+        if: ${{ failure() && matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest' && github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            github.rest.issues.addLabels({
+              issue_number: context.issue.number,
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              labels: ['automated tests are failing']
+            })

.github/workflows/codeql.yml

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+name: "Code Scanning - Action"
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [master]
+  schedule:
+    #        ┌───────────── minute (0 - 59)
+    #        │  ┌───────────── hour (0 - 23)
+    #        │  │ ┌───────────── day of the month (1 - 31)
+    #        │  │ │ ┌───────────── month (1 - 12 or JAN-DEC)
+    #        │  │ │ │ ┌───────────── day of the week (0 - 6 or SUN-SAT)
+    #        │  │ │ │ │
+    #        │  │ │ │ │
+    #        │  │ │ │ │
+    #        *  * * * *
+    - cron: "30 1 * * 0"
+
+jobs:
+  CodeQL-Build:
+    # CodeQL runs on ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, and macos-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    permissions:
+      # required for all workflows
+      security-events: write
+
+      # only required for workflows in private repositories
+      actions: read
+      contents: read
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
+      - name: Initialize CodeQL
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3
+        # Override language selection by uncommenting this and choosing your languages
+        with:
+          languages: cpp
+
+      # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages (C/C++, C#, Go, or Java).
+      # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below).
+      - name: Autobuild
+        uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v3
+
+      # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
+      # 📚 See https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#jobsjob_idstepsrun
+
+      # ✏️ If the Autobuild fails above, remove it and uncomment the following
+      #    three lines and modify them (or add more) to build your code if your
+      #    project uses a compiled language
+
+      #- run: |
+      #     make bootstrap
+      #     make release
+
+      - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3

.github/workflows/directory_writer.yml

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+name: Directory writer
+on:
+  schedule:
+  #        ┌───────────── minute (0 - 59)
+  #        │  ┌───────────── hour (0 - 23)
+  #        │  │ ┌───────────── day of the month (1 - 31)
+  #        │  │ │ ┌───────────── month (1 - 12 or JAN-DEC)
+  #        │  │ │ │ ┌───────────── day of the week (0 - 6 or SUN-SAT)
+  #        │  │ │ │ │
+  #        │  │ │ │ │
+  #        │  │ │ │ │
+  #        *  * * * *
+  - cron: '0 0 * * *'
+  workflow_dispatch:
+jobs:
+  build:
+    if: github.repository == 'TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus' # We only need this to run in our repository.
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: Build directory
+        uses: TheAlgorithms/scripts/directory_md@main
+        with:
+          language: C-Plus-Plus
+          working-directory: .
+          filetypes: .cpp,.hpp,.h
+          ignored-directories: doc/

.github/workflows/gh-pages.yml

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+name: Doxygen CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          submodules: true
+      - name: Install requirements
+        run: |
+          brew install graphviz ninja doxygen
+      - name: configure
+        run: cmake -G Ninja -Duse_libclang=ON -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++ -B ./build -S .
+      - name: build
+        run: cmake --build build -t doc
+      - name: gh-pages
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          ref: "gh-pages"
+          clean: false
+      - name: Move & Commit files
+        run: |
+          git config --global user.name "$GITHUB_ACTOR"
+          git config --global user.email "$GITHUB_ACTOR@users.noreply.github.com"
+          git remote set-url origin https://x-access-token:${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}@github.com/$GITHUB_REPOSITORY
+          rm -rf d* && rm *.html && rm *.svg && rm *.map && rm *.md5 && rm *.png && rm *.js
+          git add .
+          cp -rp ./build/html/* . && rm -rf ./build && ls -lah
+          git add .
+          git commit -m "Documentation for $GITHUB_SHA" ||  true
+          git push --force || true

.github/workflows/stale.yml

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+name: 'Close stale issues and PRs'
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 0 * * *'
+jobs:
+  stale:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/stale@v4
+        with:
+          stale-issue-message: 'This issue has been automatically marked as abandoned because it has not had recent activity. It will be closed if no further activity occurs. Thank you for your contributions.'
+          close-issue-message: 'Please ping one of the maintainers once you add more information and updates here. If this is not the case and you need some help, feel free to ask for help in our [Gitter](https://gitter.im/TheAlgorithms) channel or our [Discord server](https://the-algorithms.com/discord/). Thank you for your contributions!'
+          stale-pr-message: 'This pull request has been automatically marked as abandoned because it has not had recent activity. It will be closed if no further activity occurs. Thank you for your contributions.'
+          close-pr-message: 'Please ping one of the maintainers once you commit the changes requested or make improvements on the code. If this is not the case and you need some help, feel free to ask for help in our [Gitter](https://gitter.im/TheAlgorithms) channel or our [Discord server](https://the-algorithms.com/discord/). Thank you for your contributions!'
+          exempt-issue-labels: 'dont-close,approved'
+          exempt-pr-labels: 'dont-close,approved'
+          days-before-stale: 30
+          days-before-close: 7