# Copyright 2015 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. # ============================================================================== """Tests for Adam.""" import numpy as np from tensorflow.python.client import session from tensorflow.python.compiler.xla.experimental import xla_sharding from tensorflow.python.eager import context from tensorflow.python.framework import constant_op from tensorflow.python.framework import dtypes from tensorflow.python.framework import indexed_slices from tensorflow.python.framework import ops from tensorflow.python.framework import test_util from tensorflow.python.ops import array_ops from tensorflow.python.ops import math_ops from tensorflow.python.ops import ref_variable from tensorflow.python.ops import resource_variable_ops from tensorflow.python.ops import variables from tensorflow.python.platform import test from tensorflow.python.training import adam def adam_update_numpy(param, g_t, t, m, v, alpha=0.001, beta1=0.9, beta2=0.999, epsilon=1e-8): alpha_t = alpha * np.sqrt(1 - beta2**t) / (1 - beta1**t) m_t = beta1 * m + (1 - beta1) * g_t v_t = beta2 * v + (1 - beta2) * g_t * g_t param_t = param - alpha_t * m_t / (np.sqrt(v_t) + epsilon) return param_t, m_t, v_t class AdamOptimizerTest(test.TestCase): def doTestSparse(self, use_resource=False): for dtype in [dtypes.half, dtypes.float32, dtypes.float64]: with self.cached_session(): # Initialize variables for numpy implementation. m0, v0, m1, v1 = 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 var0_np = np.array([1.0, 2.0], dtype=dtype.as_numpy_dtype) grads0_np = np.array([0.1, 0.1], dtype=dtype.as_numpy_dtype) var1_np = np.array([3.0, 4.0], dtype=dtype.as_numpy_dtype) grads1_np = np.array([0.01, 0.01], dtype=dtype.as_numpy_dtype) if use_resource: var0 = resource_variable_ops.ResourceVariable(var0_np) var1 = resource_variable_ops.ResourceVariable(var1_np) else: var0 = ref_variable.RefVariable(var0_np) var1 = ref_variable.RefVariable(var1_np) grads0_np_indices = np.array([0, 1], dtype=np.int32) grads0 = indexed_slices.IndexedSlices( constant_op.constant(grads0_np), constant_op.constant(grads0_np_indices), constant_op.constant([2])) grads1_np_indices = np.array([0, 1], dtype=np.int32) grads1 = indexed_slices.IndexedSlices( constant_op.constant(grads1_np), constant_op.constant(grads1_np_indices), constant_op.constant([2])) opt = adam.AdamOptimizer() update = opt.apply_gradients(zip([grads0, grads1], [var0, var1])) self.evaluate(variables.global_variables_initializer()) # Fetch params to validate initial values self.assertAllClose([1.0, 2.0], self.evaluate(var0)) self.assertAllClose([3.0, 4.0], self.evaluate(var1)) beta1_power, beta2_power = opt._get_beta_accumulators() # Run 3 steps of Adam for t in range(1, 4): self.assertAllCloseAccordingToType(0.9**t, self.evaluate(beta1_power)) self.assertAllCloseAccordingToType(0.999**t, self.evaluate(beta2_power)) update.run() var0_np, m0, v0 = adam_update_numpy(var0_np, grads0_np, t, m0, v0) var1_np, m1, v1 = adam_update_numpy(var1_np, grads1_np, t, m1, v1) # Validate updated params self.assertAllCloseAccordingToType(var0_np, self.evaluate(var0)) self.assertAllCloseAccordingToType(var1_np, self.evaluate(var1)) def testSparse(self): with ops.Graph().as_default(): self.doTestSparse(use_resource=False) def testResourceSparse(self): with ops.Graph().as_default(): self.doTestSparse(use_resource=True) def testSparseDevicePlacement(self): with ops.Graph().as_default(): for index_dtype in [dtypes.int32, dtypes.int64]: with self.cached_session(force_gpu=test.is_gpu_available()): # If a GPU is available, tests that all optimizer ops can be placed on # it (i.e. they have GPU kernels). var = variables.Variable([[1.0], [2.0]]) indices = constant_op.constant([0, 1], dtype=index_dtype) gathered_sum = math_ops.reduce_sum(array_ops.gather(var, indices)) optimizer = adam.AdamOptimizer(3.0) minimize_op = optimizer.minimize(gathered_sum) self.evaluate(variables.global_variables_initializer()) minimize_op.run() def testGatherGradientWithBadIndicesPolicy(self): with ops.Graph().as_default(): with self.cached_session(force_gpu=test.is_gpu_available()): var = variables.Variable([1.0, 2.0]) indices = constant_op.constant([[1], [-1], [0]], dtype=dtypes.int32) out = array_ops.gather_nd(var, array_ops.expand_dims(indices, axis=-1), batch_dims=0, bad_indices_policy="IGNORE") optimizer = adam.AdamOptimizer(2.0, 0.0, 1.0) minimize_op = optimizer.minimize(out) self.evaluate(variables.global_variables_initializer()) minimize_op.run() def testSparseRepeatedIndices(self): with ops.Graph().as_default(): for dtype in [dtypes.half, dtypes.float32, dtypes.float64]: with self.cached_session(): repeated_index_update_var = variables.Variable( [[1.0], [2.0]], dtype=dtype) aggregated_update_var = variables.Variable( [[1.0], [2.0]], dtype=dtype) grad_repeated_index = indexed_slices.IndexedSlices( constant_op.constant( [0.1, 0.1], shape=[2, 1], dtype=dtype), constant_op.constant([1, 1]), constant_op.constant([2, 1])) grad_aggregated = indexed_slices.IndexedSlices( constant_op.constant( [0.2], shape=[1, 1], dtype=dtype), constant_op.constant([1]), constant_op.constant([2, 1])) repeated_update = adam.AdamOptimizer().apply_gradients( [(grad_repeated_index, repeated_index_update_var)]) aggregated_update = adam.AdamOptimizer().apply_gradients( [(grad_aggregated, aggregated_update_var)]) self.evaluate(variables.global_variables_initializer()) self.assertAllClose(aggregated_update_var, self.evaluate(repeated_index_update_var)) for _ in range(3): repeated_update.run() aggregated_update.run() self.assertAllClose(aggregated_update_var, self.evaluate(repeated_index_update_var)) def doTestBasic(self, use_resource=False, use_callable_params=False): if context.executing_eagerly() and not use_resource: self.skipTest( "Skipping test with use_resource=False and executing eagerly.") for i, dtype in enumerate([dtypes.half, dtypes.float32, dtypes.float64]): with self.session(graph=ops.Graph()): # Initialize variables for numpy implementation. m0, v0, m1, v1 = 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 var0_np = np.array([1.0, 2.0], dtype=dtype.as_numpy_dtype) grads0_np = np.array([0.1, 0.1], dtype=dtype.as_numpy_dtype) var1_np = np.array([3.0, 4.0], dtype=dtype.as_numpy_dtype) grads1_np = np.array([0.01, 0.01], dtype=dtype.as_numpy_dtype) if use_resource: var0 = resource_variable_ops.ResourceVariable( var0_np, name="var0_%d" % i) var1 = resource_variable_ops.ResourceVariable( var1_np, name="var1_%d" % i) else: var0 = ref_variable.RefVariable(var0_np) var1 = ref_variable.RefVariable(var1_np) grads0 = constant_op.constant(grads0_np) grads1 = constant_op.constant(grads1_np) learning_rate = lambda: 0.001 beta1 = lambda: 0.9 beta2 = lambda: 0.999 epsilon = lambda: 1e-8 if not use_callable_params: learning_rate = learning_rate() beta1 = beta1() beta2 = beta2() epsilon = epsilon() opt = adam.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=learning_rate) update = opt.apply_gradients(zip([grads0, grads1], [var0, var1])) opt_variables = opt.variables() beta1_power, beta2_power = opt._get_beta_accumulators() self.assertTrue(beta1_power is not None) self.assertTrue(beta2_power is not None) self.assertIn(beta1_power, opt_variables) self.assertIn(beta2_power, opt_variables) # Ensure that non-slot variables are the same type as the requested # variables. self.assertEqual( use_resource, resource_variable_ops.is_resource_variable(beta1_power)) self.assertEqual( use_resource, resource_variable_ops.is_resource_variable(beta2_power)) if not context.executing_eagerly(): with ops.Graph().as_default(): # Shouldn't return non-slot variables from other graphs. self.assertEqual(0, len(opt.variables())) self.evaluate(variables.global_variables_initializer()) # Fetch params to validate initial values self.assertAllClose([1.0, 2.0], self.evaluate(var0)) self.assertAllClose([3.0, 4.0], self.evaluate(var1)) beta1_power, beta2_power = opt._get_beta_accumulators() # Run 3 steps of Adam for t in range(1, 4): if not context.executing_eagerly(): self.evaluate(update) elif t > 1: opt.apply_gradients(zip([grads0, grads1], [var0, var1])) self.assertAllCloseAccordingToType(0.9**(t + 1), self.evaluate(beta1_power)) self.assertAllCloseAccordingToType(0.999**(t + 1), self.evaluate(beta2_power)) var0_np, m0, v0 = adam_update_numpy(var0_np, grads0_np, t, m0, v0) var1_np, m1, v1 = adam_update_numpy(var1_np, grads1_np, t, m1, v1) # Validate updated params self.assertAllCloseAccordingToType(var0_np, self.evaluate(var0)) self.assertAllCloseAccordingToType(var1_np, self.evaluate(var1)) if use_resource: self.assertEqual("var0_%d/Adam:0" % (i,), opt.get_slot(var=var0, name="m").name) def testBasic(self): with self.cached_session(): self.doTestBasic(use_resource=False) @test_util.run_in_graph_and_eager_modes @test_util.disable_tfrt("b/168527439: invalid runtime fallback " "resource variable reference on GPU.") def testResourceBasic(self): self.doTestBasic(use_resource=True) @test_util.disable_tfrt("b/153089059: cannot create half tensor on GPU.") def testBasicCallableParams(self): with context.eager_mode(): self.doTestBasic(use_resource=True, use_callable_params=True) def testTensorLearningRate(self): with ops.Graph().as_default(): for dtype in [dtypes.half, dtypes.float32, dtypes.float64]: with self.cached_session(): # Initialize variables for numpy implementation. m0, v0, m1, v1 = 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 var0_np = np.array([1.0, 2.0], dtype=dtype.as_numpy_dtype) grads0_np = np.array([0.1, 0.1], dtype=dtype.as_numpy_dtype) var1_np = np.array([3.0, 4.0], dtype=dtype.as_numpy_dtype) grads1_np = np.array([0.01, 0.01], dtype=dtype.as_numpy_dtype) var0 = variables.Variable(var0_np) var1 = variables.Variable(var1_np) grads0 = constant_op.constant(grads0_np) grads1 = constant_op.constant(grads1_np) opt = adam.AdamOptimizer(constant_op.constant(0.001)) update = opt.apply_gradients(zip([grads0, grads1], [var0, var1])) self.evaluate(variables.global_variables_initializer()) # Fetch params to validate initial values self.assertAllClose([1.0, 2.0], self.evaluate(var0)) self.assertAllClose([3.0, 4.0], self.evaluate(var1)) beta1_power, beta2_power = opt._get_beta_accumulators() # Run 3 steps of Adam for t in range(1, 4): self.assertAllCloseAccordingToType(0.9**t, self.evaluate(beta1_power)) self.assertAllCloseAccordingToType(0.999**t, self.evaluate(beta2_power)) update.run() var0_np, m0, v0 = adam_update_numpy(var0_np, grads0_np, t, m0, v0) var1_np, m1, v1 = adam_update_numpy(var1_np, grads1_np, t, m1, v1) # Validate updated params self.assertAllCloseAccordingToType(var0_np, self.evaluate(var0)) self.assertAllCloseAccordingToType(var1_np, self.evaluate(var1)) def testSharing(self): with ops.Graph().as_default(): for dtype in [dtypes.half, dtypes.float32, dtypes.float64]: with self.cached_session(): # Initialize variables for numpy implementation. m0, v0, m1, v1 = 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 var0_np = np.array([1.0, 2.0], dtype=dtype.as_numpy_dtype) grads0_np = np.array([0.1, 0.1], dtype=dtype.as_numpy_dtype) var1_np = np.array([3.0, 4.0], dtype=dtype.as_numpy_dtype) grads1_np = np.array([0.01, 0.01], dtype=dtype.as_numpy_dtype) var0 = variables.Variable(var0_np) var1 = variables.Variable(var1_np) grads0 = constant_op.constant(grads0_np) grads1 = constant_op.constant(grads1_np) opt = adam.AdamOptimizer() update1 = opt.apply_gradients(zip([grads0, grads1], [var0, var1])) update2 = opt.apply_gradients(zip([grads0, grads1], [var0, var1])) self.evaluate(variables.global_variables_initializer()) beta1_power, beta2_power = opt._get_beta_accumulators() # Fetch params to validate initial values self.assertAllClose([1.0, 2.0], self.evaluate(var0)) self.assertAllClose([3.0, 4.0], self.evaluate(var1)) # Run 3 steps of intertwined Adam1 and Adam2. for t in range(1, 4): self.assertAllCloseAccordingToType(0.9**t, self.evaluate(beta1_power)) self.assertAllCloseAccordingToType(0.999**t, self.evaluate(beta2_power)) if t % 2 == 0: update1.run() else: update2.run() var0_np, m0, v0 = adam_update_numpy(var0_np, grads0_np, t, m0, v0) var1_np, m1, v1 = adam_update_numpy(var1_np, grads1_np, t, m1, v1) # Validate updated params self.assertAllCloseAccordingToType(var0_np, self.evaluate(var0)) self.assertAllCloseAccordingToType(var1_np, self.evaluate(var1)) @test_util.disable_tfrt("b/168527439: invalid runtime fallback " "resource variable reference on GPU.") def testTwoSessions(self): optimizer = adam.AdamOptimizer() with context.eager_mode(): var0 = variables.Variable(np.array([1.0, 2.0]), name="v0") grads0 = constant_op.constant(np.array([0.1, 0.1])) optimizer.apply_gradients([(grads0, var0)]) g = ops.Graph() with g.as_default(): with session.Session(): var0 = variables.Variable(np.array([1.0, 2.0]), name="v0") grads0 = constant_op.constant(np.array([0.1, 0.1])) optimizer.apply_gradients([(grads0, var0)]) gg = ops.Graph() with gg.as_default(): with session.Session(): var0 = variables.Variable(np.array([1.0, 2.0]), name="v0") grads0 = constant_op.constant(np.array([0.1, 0.1])) # If the optimizer saves any state not keyed by graph the following line # fails. optimizer.apply_gradients([(grads0, var0)]) @test_util.disable_tfrt("b/168527439: invalid runtime fallback " "resource variable reference on GPU.") def testSlotsUniqueEager(self): with context.eager_mode(): v1 = resource_variable_ops.ResourceVariable(1.) v2 = resource_variable_ops.ResourceVariable(1.) opt = adam.AdamOptimizer(1.) opt.minimize(lambda: v1 + v2) # There should be two non-slot variables, and two unique slot variables # for v1 and v2 respectively. self.assertEqual(6, len({id(v) for v in opt.variables()})) @test_util.deprecated_graph_mode_only def testXlaSharding(self): dtype = dtypes.float32 with self.session(graph=ops.Graph()): # Initialize variables for numpy implementation. var0_np = np.array([1.0, 2.0], dtype=dtype.as_numpy_dtype) grads0_np = np.array([0.1, 0.1], dtype=dtype.as_numpy_dtype) var1_np = np.array([3.0, 4.0], dtype=dtype.as_numpy_dtype) grads1_np = np.array([0.01, 0.01], dtype=dtype.as_numpy_dtype) var0 = resource_variable_ops.ResourceVariable(var0_np, name="var0") var1 = resource_variable_ops.ResourceVariable(var1_np, name="var1") var0, var1 = [ xla_sharding.mesh_split( v, np.array([0, 1]), [0], use_sharding_op=False) for v in (var0, var1) ] grads0 = constant_op.constant(grads0_np) grads1 = constant_op.constant(grads1_np) learning_rate = lambda: 0.001 opt = adam.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=learning_rate) update = opt.apply_gradients(zip([grads0, grads1], [var0, var1])) self.evaluate(variables.global_variables_initializer()) self.evaluate(update) # The beta accumulators are not sharded. beta1_power, beta2_power = opt._get_beta_accumulators() self.assertIsNone(xla_sharding.get_tensor_sharding(beta1_power)) self.assertIsNone(xla_sharding.get_tensor_sharding(beta2_power)) # Variables and slots are sharded. for v in (var0, var1): self.assertIsNotNone(xla_sharding.get_tensor_sharding(v)) for slot_name in ("m", "v"): slot = opt.get_slot(v, slot_name) self.assertIsNotNone(xla_sharding.get_tensor_sharding(slot)) if __name__ == "__main__": test.main()