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chore: import upstream snapshot with attribution
2026-07-13 13:38:09 +08:00

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Smart default embedding model based on platform and corpus size

Summary

Propose platform- and corpus-aware default embedding model selection for leann build when --embedding-model is not explicitly specified. This would improve out-of-the-box experience for different deployment scenarios (macOS CPU, NVIDIA GPU, etc.) without changing behavior when users pass an explicit model.

Motivation

  • Current default: facebook/contriever (~420MB, 768 dim) — heavy for CPU-only builds on large corpora
  • macOS users often hit slow builds on 20K+ chunks; lighter models like all-MiniLM-L6-v2 (~90MB) are much faster
  • NVIDIA GPU users can leverage stronger models; smaller corpora benefit from quality (e.g. Qwen3-Embedding-0.6B), larger ones from balanced models (e.g. bge-base-en-v1.5)

Proposed logic

Platform Chunk count Default model
macOS ≥ 20,000 sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2
macOS < 20,000 intfloat/e5-small-v2
NVIDIA GPU < 5,000 Qwen/Qwen3-Embedding-0.6B
NVIDIA GPU ≥ 5,000 BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5
Other any facebook/contriever (unchanged)

Implementation notes

  1. Platform detection: torch.cuda.is_available() for NVIDIA; sys.platform == "darwin" for macOS
  2. Chunk count: Known only after loading/chunking; may need to either:
    • Do a lightweight pre-scan (e.g. file count × rough chunks per file), or
    • Defer default choice until after first chunking pass (and cache for incremental)
  3. Explicit override: If user passes --embedding-model, always use it; this logic applies only when the flag is omitted

Model references

  • sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2: ~90MB, 384 dim, fast on CPU
  • intfloat/e5-small-v2: ~90MB, 384 dim
  • Qwen/Qwen3-Embedding-0.6B: 0.6B params, 1024 dim, strong retrieval
  • BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5: ~110M params, 768 dim, good MTEB scores

Open questions

  • Should we add a --embedding-model auto to explicitly opt into this logic?
  • Pre-scan vs post-chunk decision: trade-off between accuracy and implementation complexity