skillhub-060-nestjs-expert/references/testing-patterns.md

测试模式

单元测试设置

import { Test, TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
import { getRepositoryToken } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
import { Repository } from 'typeorm';
import { NotFoundException } from '@nestjs/common';

describe('UsersService', () => {
  let service: UsersService;
  let repo: jest.Mocked<Repository<User>>;

  beforeEach(async () => {
    const module: TestingModule = await Test.createTestingModule({
      providers: [
        UsersService,
        {
          provide: getRepositoryToken(User),
          useValue: {
            create: jest.fn(),
            save: jest.fn(),
            findOne: jest.fn(),
            delete: jest.fn(),
          },
        },
      ],
    }).compile();

    service = module.get(UsersService);
    repo = module.get(getRepositoryToken(User));
  });

  afterEach(() => jest.clearAllMocks());
});

服务测试

describe('create', () => {
  it('应创建用户', async () => {
    const dto = { email: 'test@test.com', password: 'pass', name: 'Test' };
    const user = { id: '1', ...dto };

    repo.create.mockReturnValue(user as User);
    repo.save.mockResolvedValue(user as User);

    const result = await service.create(dto);

    expect(repo.create).toHaveBeenCalledWith(dto);
    expect(repo.save).toHaveBeenCalledWith(user);
    expect(result).toEqual(user);
  });
});

describe('findOne', () => {
  it('应返回用户', async () => {
    const user = { id: '1', email: 'test@test.com' };
    repo.findOne.mockResolvedValue(user as User);

    const result = await service.findOne('1');
    expect(result).toEqual(user);
  });

  it('应抛出 NotFoundException', async () => {
    repo.findOne.mockResolvedValue(null);
    await expect(service.findOne('1')).rejects.toThrow(NotFoundException);
  });
});

控制器测试

describe('UsersController', () => {
  let controller: UsersController;
  let service: jest.Mocked<UsersService>;

  beforeEach(async () => {
    const module = await Test.createTestingModule({
      controllers: [UsersController],
      providers: [
        {
          provide: UsersService,
          useValue: {
            create: jest.fn(),
            findOne: jest.fn(),
          },
        },
      ],
    }).compile();

    controller = module.get(UsersController);
    service = module.get(UsersService);
  });

  it('应创建用户', async () => {
    const dto = { email: 'test@test.com', password: 'pass', name: 'Test' };
    const user = { id: '1', ...dto };
    service.create.mockResolvedValue(user as User);

    const result = await controller.create(dto);
    expect(result).toEqual(user);
  });
});

E2E 测试

import { INestApplication } from '@nestjs/common';
import * as request from 'supertest';

describe('UsersController (e2e)', () => {
  let app: INestApplication;
  let authToken: string;

  beforeAll(async () => {
    const moduleFixture = await Test.createTestingModule({
      imports: [AppModule],
    }).compile();

    app = moduleFixture.createNestApplication();
    app.useGlobalPipes(new ValidationPipe({ whitelist: true }));
    await app.init();

    // 获取认证令牌
    const response = await request(app.getHttpServer())
      .post('/auth/login')
      .send({ email: 'test@test.com', password: 'password' });
    authToken = response.body.access_token;
  });

  afterAll(() => app.close());

  it('/users (POST)', () => {
    return request(app.getHttpServer())
      .post('/users')
      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${authToken}`)
      .send({ email: 'new@test.com', password: 'Test1234', name: 'New' })
      .expect(201)
      .expect((res) => {
        expect(res.body.email).toBe('new@test.com');
      });
  });

  it('/users/:id (GET) - 404', () => {
    return request(app.getHttpServer())
      .get('/users/nonexistent-id')
      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${authToken}`)
      .expect(404);
  });
});

Mock 工厂函数

export const createMockRepository = <T>() => ({
  create: jest.fn(),
  save: jest.fn(),
  find: jest.fn(),
  findOne: jest.fn(),
  update: jest.fn(),
  delete: jest.fn(),
  createQueryBuilder: jest.fn(() => ({
    where: jest.fn().mockReturnThis(),
    andWhere: jest.fn().mockReturnThis(),
    getOne: jest.fn(),
    getMany: jest.fn(),
  })),
});

快速参考

模式	使用场景
Test.createTestingModule()	创建测试模块
jest.fn()	Mock 函数
mockResolvedValue()	Mock 异步返回值
mockReturnValue()	Mock 同步返回值
supertest	E2E HTTP 测试
beforeAll / afterAll	设置/拆卸