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shap--shap/shap/plots/_bar.py
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wehub-resource-sync 9d4c7d16ba chore: import upstream snapshot with attribution
2026-07-13 13:22:52 +08:00

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import warnings
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import scipy
from .. import Cohorts, Explanation
from ..utils import format_value, ordinal_str
from ..utils._exceptions import DimensionError
from ._labels import labels
from ._style import get_style
from ._utils import convert_ordering, dendrogram_coords, get_sort_order, merge_nodes, sort_inds
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from .._explanation import OpHistoryItem
# TODO: improve the bar chart to look better like the waterfall plot with numbers inside the bars when they fit
# TODO: Have the Explanation object track enough data so that we can tell (and so show) how many instances are in each cohort
def bar(
shap_values,
max_display=10,
order=Explanation.abs,
clustering=None,
clustering_cutoff=0.5,
show_data="auto",
ax=None,
show=True,
):
"""Create a bar plot of a set of SHAP values.
Parameters
----------
shap_values : shap.Explanation or shap.Cohorts or dictionary of shap.Explanation objects
Passing a multi-row :class:`.Explanation` object creates a global
feature importance plot.
Passing a single row of an explanation (i.e. ``shap_values[0]``) creates
a local feature importance plot.
Passing a dictionary of Explanation objects will create a multiple-bar
plot with one bar type for each of the cohorts represented by the
explanation objects.
max_display : int
How many top features to include in the bar plot (default is 10).
order : OpChain or numpy.ndarray
A function that returns a sort ordering given a matrix of SHAP values
and an axis, or a direct sample ordering given as a ``numpy.ndarray``.
By default, take the absolute value.
clustering: np.ndarray or None
A partition tree, as returned by :func:`shap.utils.hclust`
clustering_cutoff: float
Controls how much of the clustering structure is displayed.
show_data: bool or str
Controls if data values are shown as part of the y tick labels. If
"auto", we show the data only when there are no transforms.
ax: matplotlib Axes
Axes object to draw the plot onto, otherwise uses the current Axes.
show : bool
Whether :external+mpl:func:`matplotlib.pyplot.show()` is called before returning.
Setting this to ``False`` allows the plot
to be customized further after it has been created.
Returns
-------
ax: matplotlib Axes
Returns the :external+mpl:class:`~matplotlib.axes.Axes` object with the plot drawn onto it. Only
returned if ``show=False``.
Examples
--------
See `bar plot examples <https://shap.readthedocs.io/en/latest/example_notebooks/api_examples/plots/bar.html>`_.
"""
style = get_style()
# convert Explanation objects to dictionaries
if isinstance(shap_values, Explanation):
cohorts = {"": shap_values}
elif isinstance(shap_values, Cohorts):
cohorts = shap_values.cohorts
elif isinstance(shap_values, dict):
cohorts = shap_values
else:
emsg = (
"The shap_values argument must be an Explanation object, Cohorts "
"object, or dictionary of Explanation objects!"
)
raise TypeError(emsg)
# unpack our list of Explanation objects we need to plot
cohort_labels = list(cohorts.keys())
cohort_exps = list(cohorts.values())
for i, exp in enumerate(cohort_exps):
if not isinstance(exp, Explanation):
emsg = (
"The shap_values argument must be an Explanation object, Cohorts "
"object, or dictionary of Explanation objects!"
)
raise TypeError(emsg)
if len(exp.shape) == 2:
# collapse the Explanation arrays to be of shape (#features,)
cohort_exps[i] = exp.abs.mean(0)
if cohort_exps[i].shape != cohort_exps[0].shape:
emsg = "When passing several Explanation objects, they must all have the same number of feature columns!"
raise DimensionError(emsg)
# TODO: check other attributes for equality? like feature names perhaps? probably clustering as well.
# unpack the Explanation object
features = cohort_exps[0].display_data if cohort_exps[0].display_data is not None else cohort_exps[0].data
feature_names = cohort_exps[0].feature_names
if clustering is None:
partition_tree = getattr(cohort_exps[0], "clustering", None)
elif clustering is False:
partition_tree = None
else:
partition_tree = clustering
if partition_tree is not None:
if len(partition_tree.shape) != 2 or partition_tree.shape[1] != 4:
raise TypeError(
"The clustering provided by the Explanation object does not seem to be a "
"partition tree, which is all shap.plots.bar supports."
)
op_history: list[OpHistoryItem] = cohort_exps[0].op_history
values = np.array([cohort_exps[i].values for i in range(len(cohort_exps))])
if len(values[0]) == 0:
raise ValueError("The passed Explanation is empty, so there is nothing to plot.")
# we show the data on auto only when there are no transforms (excluding getitem calls)
if show_data == "auto":
transforms = [op for op in op_history if op.name != "__getitem__"]
show_data = len(transforms) == 0
# TODO: Rather than just show the "1st token", "2nd token", etc. it would be better to show the "Instance 0's 1st but", etc
if issubclass(type(feature_names), str):
feature_names = [ordinal_str(i) + " " + feature_names for i in range(len(values[0]))]
# build our auto xlabel based on the transform history of the Explanation object
xlabel = "SHAP value"
for op in op_history:
if op.name == "abs":
xlabel = f"|{xlabel}|"
elif op.name == "__getitem__":
pass # no need for slicing to effect our label, it will be used later to find the sizes of cohorts
else:
xlabel = f"{op.name}({xlabel})"
# find how many instances are in each cohort (if they were created from an Explanation object)
cohort_sizes = []
for exp in cohort_exps:
for op in exp.op_history:
if op.collapsed_instances: # see if this if the first op to collapse the instances
cohort_sizes.append(op.prev_shape[0])
break
# unwrap any pandas series
if isinstance(features, pd.Series):
if feature_names is None:
feature_names = list(features.index)
features = features.values
# ensure we at least have default feature names
if feature_names is None:
feature_names = np.array([labels["FEATURE"] % str(i) for i in range(len(values[0]))])
# determine how many top features we will plot
if max_display is None:
max_display = len(feature_names)
num_features = min(max_display, len(values[0]))
max_display = min(max_display, num_features)
# iteratively merge nodes until we can cut off the smallest feature values to stay within
# num_features without breaking a cluster tree
orig_inds = [[i] for i in range(len(values[0]))]
orig_values = values.copy()
while True:
feature_order = np.argsort(
np.mean([np.argsort(convert_ordering(order, Explanation(values[i]))) for i in range(values.shape[0])], 0)
)
if partition_tree is not None:
# compute the leaf order if we were to show (and so have the ordering respect) the whole partition tree
clust_order = sort_inds(partition_tree, np.abs(values).mean(0))
# now relax the requirement to match the partition tree ordering for connections above clustering_cutoff
dist = scipy.spatial.distance.squareform(scipy.cluster.hierarchy.cophenet(partition_tree))
feature_order = get_sort_order(dist, clust_order, clustering_cutoff, feature_order)
# if the last feature we can display is connected in a tree the next feature then we can't just cut
# off the feature ordering, so we need to merge some tree nodes and then try again.
if (
max_display < len(feature_order)
and dist[feature_order[max_display - 1], feature_order[max_display - 2]] <= clustering_cutoff
):
# values, partition_tree, orig_inds = merge_nodes(values, partition_tree, orig_inds)
partition_tree, ind1, ind2 = merge_nodes(np.abs(values).mean(0), partition_tree)
for _ in range(len(values)):
values[:, ind1] += values[:, ind2]
values = np.delete(values, ind2, 1)
orig_inds[ind1] += orig_inds[ind2]
del orig_inds[ind2]
else:
break
else:
break
# here we build our feature names, accounting for the fact that some features might be merged together
feature_inds = feature_order[:max_display]
y_pos = np.arange(len(feature_inds), 0, -1)
feature_names_new = []
for inds in orig_inds:
if len(inds) == 1:
feature_names_new.append(feature_names[inds[0]])
else:
full_print = " + ".join([feature_names[i] for i in inds])
if len(full_print) <= 40:
feature_names_new.append(full_print)
else:
max_ind = np.argmax(np.abs(orig_values).mean(0)[inds])
feature_names_new.append(f"{feature_names[inds[max_ind]]} + {len(inds) - 1} other features")
feature_names = feature_names_new
# see how many individual (vs. grouped at the end) features we are plotting
if num_features < len(values[0]):
num_cut = np.sum([len(orig_inds[feature_order[i]]) for i in range(num_features - 1, len(values[0]))])
values[:, feature_order[num_features - 1]] = np.sum(
[values[:, feature_order[i]] for i in range(num_features - 1, len(values[0]))], 0
)
# build our y-tick labels
yticklabels = []
for i in feature_inds:
if features is not None and show_data:
yticklabels.append(format_value(features[i], "%0.03f") + " = " + feature_names[i])
else:
yticklabels.append(feature_names[i])
if num_features < len(values[0]):
yticklabels[-1] = f"Sum of {num_cut} other features"
if ax is None:
ax = plt.gca()
# Only modify the figure size if ax was not passed in
# compute our figure size based on how many features we are showing
fig = plt.gcf()
row_height = 0.5
fig.set_size_inches(8, num_features * row_height * np.sqrt(len(values)) + 1.5)
# if negative values are present then we draw a vertical line to mark 0, otherwise the axis does this for us...
negative_values_present = np.sum(values[:, feature_order[:num_features]] < 0) > 0
if negative_values_present:
ax.axvline(0, 0, 1, color="#000000", linestyle="-", linewidth=1, zorder=1)
# draw the bars
patterns = (None, "\\\\", "++", "xx", "////", "*", "o", "O", ".", "-")
total_width = 0.7
bar_width = total_width / len(values)
for i in range(len(values)):
ypos_offset = -((i - len(values) / 2) * bar_width + bar_width / 2)
ax.barh(
y_pos + ypos_offset,
values[i, feature_inds],
bar_width,
align="center",
color=[
style.primary_color_negative if values[i, feature_inds[j]] <= 0 else style.primary_color_positive
for j in range(len(y_pos))
],
hatch=patterns[i],
edgecolor=(1, 1, 1, 0.8),
label=f"{cohort_labels[i]} [{cohort_sizes[i] if i < len(cohort_sizes) else None}]",
)
# draw the yticks (the 1e-8 is so matplotlib 3.3 doesn't try and collapse the ticks)
ax.set_yticks(list(y_pos) + list(y_pos + 1e-8), yticklabels + [t.split("=")[-1] for t in yticklabels], fontsize=13)
xlen = ax.get_xlim()[1] - ax.get_xlim()[0]
# xticks = ax.get_xticks()
bbox = ax.get_window_extent().transformed(ax.figure.dpi_scale_trans.inverted())
width = bbox.width
bbox_to_xscale = xlen / width
for i in range(len(values)):
ypos_offset = -((i - len(values) / 2) * bar_width + bar_width / 2)
for j in range(len(y_pos)):
ind = feature_order[j]
if values[i, ind] < 0:
ax.text(
values[i, ind] - (5 / 72) * bbox_to_xscale,
y_pos[j] + ypos_offset,
format_value(values[i, ind], "%+0.02f"),
horizontalalignment="right",
verticalalignment="center",
color=style.primary_color_negative,
fontsize=12,
)
else:
ax.text(
values[i, ind] + (5 / 72) * bbox_to_xscale,
y_pos[j] + ypos_offset,
format_value(values[i, ind], "%+0.02f"),
horizontalalignment="left",
verticalalignment="center",
color=style.primary_color_positive,
fontsize=12,
)
# put horizontal lines for each feature row
for i in range(num_features):
ax.axhline(i + 1, color="#888888", lw=0.5, dashes=(1, 5), zorder=-1)
if features is not None:
features = list(features)
# try and round off any trailing zeros after the decimal point in the feature values
for i in range(len(features)):
try:
if round(features[i]) == features[i]:
features[i] = int(features[i])
except Exception:
pass # features[i] must not be a number
ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position("bottom")
ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position("none")
ax.spines["right"].set_visible(False)
ax.spines["top"].set_visible(False)
if negative_values_present:
ax.spines["left"].set_visible(False)
ax.tick_params("x", labelsize=11)
xmin, xmax = ax.get_xlim()
ymin, ymax = ax.get_ylim()
x_buffer = (xmax - xmin) * 0.05
if negative_values_present:
ax.set_xlim(xmin - x_buffer, xmax + x_buffer)
else:
ax.set_xlim(xmin, xmax + x_buffer)
# if features is None:
# plt.xlabel(labels["GLOBAL_VALUE"], fontsize=13)
# else:
ax.set_xlabel(xlabel, fontsize=13)
if len(values) > 1:
ax.legend(fontsize=12)
# color the y tick labels that have the feature values as gray
# (these fall behind the black ones with just the feature name)
tick_labels = ax.yaxis.get_majorticklabels()
for i in range(num_features):
tick_labels[i].set_color(style.tick_labels_color)
# draw a dendrogram if we are given a partition tree
if partition_tree is not None:
# compute the dendrogram line positions based on our current feature order
feature_pos = np.argsort(feature_order)
ylines, xlines = dendrogram_coords(feature_pos, partition_tree)
# plot the distance cut line above which we don't show tree edges
xmin, xmax = ax.get_xlim()
xlines_min, xlines_max = np.min(xlines), np.max(xlines)
ct_line_pos = (clustering_cutoff / (xlines_max - xlines_min)) * 0.1 * (xmax - xmin) + xmax
ax.text(
ct_line_pos + 0.005 * (xmax - xmin),
(ymax - ymin) / 2,
"Clustering cutoff = " + format_value(clustering_cutoff, "%0.02f"),
horizontalalignment="left",
verticalalignment="center",
color="#999999",
fontsize=12,
rotation=-90,
)
line = ax.axvline(ct_line_pos, color="#dddddd", dashes=(1, 1))
line.set_clip_on(False)
for xline, yline in zip(xlines, ylines):
# normalize the x values to fall between 0 and 1
xv = np.array(xline) / (xlines_max - xlines_min)
# only draw if we are not going past distance threshold
if np.array(xline).max() <= clustering_cutoff:
# only draw if we are not going past the bottom of the plot
if yline.max() < max_display:
lines = ax.plot(xv * 0.1 * (xmax - xmin) + xmax, max_display - np.array(yline), color="#999999")
for line in lines:
line.set_clip_on(False)
if show:
plt.show()
else:
return ax
def bar_legacy(shap_values, features=None, feature_names=None, max_display=None, show=True):
warnings.warn(
"The behaviour of this function will change in a future version to the new plotting API."
"\nUse `shap.plots.bar` to opt-in to the new behaviour and silence this warning."
"\nFor more information on using the new API, see:\n"
"https://shap.readthedocs.io/en/latest/example_notebooks/api_examples/migrating-to-new-api.html",
DeprecationWarning,
)
style = get_style()
# unwrap pandas series
if isinstance(features, pd.Series):
if feature_names is None:
feature_names = list(features.index)
features = features.values
if feature_names is None:
feature_names = np.array([labels["FEATURE"] % str(i) for i in range(len(shap_values))])
if max_display is None:
max_display = 7
else:
max_display = min(len(feature_names), max_display)
feature_order = np.argsort(-np.abs(shap_values))
#
feature_inds = feature_order[:max_display]
y_pos = np.arange(len(feature_inds), 0, -1)
plt.barh(
y_pos,
shap_values[feature_inds],
0.7,
align="center",
color=[
style.primary_color_positive if shap_values[feature_inds[i]] > 0 else style.primary_color_negative
for i in range(len(y_pos))
],
)
plt.yticks(y_pos, fontsize=13)
if features is not None:
features = list(features)
# try and round off any trailing zeros after the decimal point in the feature values
for i in range(len(features)):
try:
if round(features[i]) == features[i]:
features[i] = int(features[i])
except TypeError:
pass # features[i] must not be a number
yticklabels = []
for i in feature_inds:
if features is not None:
yticklabels.append(feature_names[i] + " = " + str(features[i]))
else:
yticklabels.append(feature_names[i])
plt.gca().set_yticklabels(yticklabels)
plt.gca().xaxis.set_ticks_position("bottom")
plt.gca().yaxis.set_ticks_position("none")
plt.gca().spines["right"].set_visible(False)
plt.gca().spines["top"].set_visible(False)
# pl.gca().spines['left'].set_visible(False)
plt.xlabel("SHAP value (impact on model output)")
if show:
plt.show()
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