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2026-07-13 12:40:42 +08:00

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Python

# Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
import unittest
import numpy as np
import paddle
from paddle import base
from paddle.base.backward import gradients
paddle.enable_static()
class TestCalcGradient(unittest.TestCase):
def test_calc_gradient(self):
main = base.Program()
startup = base.Program()
with base.program_guard(main, startup):
x = paddle.create_parameter(dtype="float32", shape=[5, 10])
y = paddle.create_parameter(dtype="float32", shape=[10, 8])
mul_out = paddle.matmul(x=x, y=y)
mean_out = paddle.mean(mul_out)
a = gradients(mean_out, mul_out)
b = gradients(mean_out, x)
place = base.CPUPlace()
exe = base.Executor(place)
exe.run(startup)
exe.run(main, feed={}, fetch_list=[a, b])
class TestDoubleGrad(unittest.TestCase):
def test1(self):
main = base.Program()
startup = base.Program()
with base.program_guard(main, startup):
net = lambda x: x * x
x = paddle.create_parameter(
name='x',
shape=[1],
dtype='float32',
default_initializer=paddle.nn.initializer.Constant(3),
)
(grad1,) = base.gradients(net(x), x) # 2x = 6
z = net(x - grad1)
(grad2,) = base.gradients(z, x) # gradients( (x - 2x)^2) = 2x = 6
place = base.CPUPlace()
exe = base.Executor(place)
exe.run(startup)
out = exe.run(main, fetch_list=[grad1, grad2])
self.assertEqual(6, out[0][0])
self.assertEqual(6, out[1][0])
def test2(self):
main = base.Program()
startup = base.Program()
with base.program_guard(main, startup):
x = paddle.create_parameter(
name='x',
shape=[1],
dtype='float32',
default_initializer=paddle.nn.initializer.Constant(1),
)
y = x * x
(dx1,) = base.gradients(y, x)
z = dx1 * dx1 + y * y
(dx2,) = base.gradients(z, x)
place = base.CPUPlace()
exe = base.Executor(place)
exe.run(startup)
(out,) = exe.run(main, fetch_list=[dx2])
self.assertEqual(12, out[0])
class TestGradientWithPrune(unittest.TestCase):
def test_prune(self):
with paddle.base.scope_guard(paddle.static.Scope()):
x = paddle.static.data(name='x', shape=[3], dtype='float32')
x.stop_gradient = False
x1, x2, x3 = paddle.split(x, axis=0, num_or_sections=3)
y = x1 * 2
x1_grad = base.gradients(y, x)
exe = base.Executor(base.CPUPlace())
main = paddle.static.default_main_program()
exe.run(paddle.static.default_startup_program())
out = exe.run(
main,
feed={'x': np.ones([3]).astype('float32')},
fetch_list=[x1_grad],
)
np.testing.assert_array_equal(out[0], [2.0, 0.0, 0.0])
class TestDoubleGradient(unittest.TestCase):
def build_program(self):
start_prog = paddle.static.Program()
main_prog = paddle.static.Program()
with paddle.static.program_guard(main_prog, start_prog):
x = paddle.static.data('x', shape=[2, 2])
x.stop_gradient = False
y = x * x
v = paddle.ones([2, 2])
v.stop_gradient = False
grad_y = paddle.zeros_like(y)
grad_y.stop_gradient = False
grad_x = paddle.static.gradients(y, x, grad_y)
# test with single targets
jvp = paddle.static.gradients(grad_x, grad_y, v)
return start_prog, main_prog, [grad_x, jvp]
def test_calc_gradient(self):
with paddle.base.scope_guard(paddle.static.Scope()):
start_prog, main_prog, fetch_list = self.build_program()
exe = paddle.static.Executor()
exe.run(start_prog)
ans = exe.run(
main_prog,
feed={'x': np.ones([2, 2]).astype(np.float32)},
fetch_list=fetch_list,
)
self.assertEqual(len(ans), 2)
self.assertListEqual(ans[0].tolist(), [[0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0]])
self.assertListEqual(ans[1].tolist(), [[2.0, 2.0], [2.0, 2.0]])
class TestDoubleGradient2(unittest.TestCase):
def build_program(self):
start_prog = paddle.static.Program()
main_prog = paddle.static.Program()
with paddle.static.program_guard(main_prog, start_prog):
x = paddle.static.data('x', shape=[2, 2])
x.stop_gradient = False
y = x * x
y2 = y + x
v = paddle.ones([2, 2])
v.stop_gradient = False
grad_y = paddle.zeros_like(y)
grad_y.stop_gradient = False
grad_x = paddle.static.gradients(y, x, grad_y)
grad_x2 = paddle.static.gradients(y2, x, grad_y)
# test with multi targets
jvp = paddle.static.gradients(
[grad_x[0], grad_x2[0]], grad_y, [v, v]
)
return start_prog, main_prog, [grad_x, jvp]
def test_calc_gradient(self):
with paddle.base.scope_guard(paddle.static.Scope()):
start_prog, main_prog, fetch_list = self.build_program()
exe = paddle.static.Executor()
exe.run(start_prog)
ans = exe.run(
main_prog,
feed={'x': np.ones([2, 2]).astype(np.float32)},
fetch_list=fetch_list,
)
self.assertEqual(len(ans), 2)
self.assertListEqual(ans[0].tolist(), [[0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0]])
self.assertListEqual(ans[1].tolist(), [[5.0, 5.0], [5.0, 5.0]])
if __name__ == "__main__":
unittest.main()