/* Copyright (c) 2021 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License. */

#include "paddle/fluid/pybind/eager_utils.h"

#include <Python.h>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

#include <variant>
#include "paddle/common/exception.h"
#include "paddle/common/flags.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/eager/accumulation/accumulation_node.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/eager/api/all.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/eager/autograd_meta.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/eager/hooks.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/eager/utils.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/framework/convert_utils.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/framework/scope.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/framework/scope_guard.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/jit/function.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/pir/dialect/distributed/ir/dist_type.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/pir/dialect/operator/ir/op_type.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/pir/dialect/operator/ir/pd_api.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/pir/dialect/operator/utils/utils.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/pir/utils/general_functions.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/pir/utils/name_analysis.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/platform/enforce.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/pybind/data_type_caster.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/pybind/eager.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/pybind/op_function_common.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/pybind/pir.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/pybind/size.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/pybind/tensor_py.h"
#include "paddle/phi/api/ext/op_meta_info.h"
#include "paddle/phi/common/data_type.h"
#include "paddle/phi/core/compat/convert_utils.h"
#include "paddle/phi/core/dense_tensor.h"
#include "paddle/phi/core/distributed/auto_parallel/placement_types.h"
#include "paddle/phi/core/distributed/auto_parallel/process_mesh.h"
#include "paddle/phi/core/memory/allocation/allocator.h"
#include "paddle/phi/core/tensor_utils.h"
#include "paddle/pir/include/core/attribute.h"
#include "paddle/pir/include/core/value.h"
COMMON_DECLARE_bool(check_nan_inf);
COMMON_DECLARE_int32(check_nan_inf_level);
COMMON_DECLARE_int32(call_stack_level);

using egr::ConvertToDistTensor;

namespace paddle::pybind {

extern PyTypeObject* p_tensor_type;
extern PyTypeObject* p_string_tensor_type;

extern PyTypeObject* g_framework_scope_pytype;
extern PyTypeObject* g_ir_value_pytype;
extern PyTypeObject* g_vartype_pytype;
extern PyTypeObject* g_data_type_pytype;
extern PyTypeObject* g_place_pytype;
extern PyTypeObject* g_cudaplace_pytype;
extern PyTypeObject* g_cpuplace_pytype;
extern PyTypeObject* g_xpuplace_pytype;
extern PyTypeObject* g_cudapinnedplace_pytype;
extern PyTypeObject* g_xpupinnedplace_pytype;
extern PyTypeObject* g_customplace_pytype;
extern PyTypeObject* g_framework_tensor_pytype;
extern PyTypeObject* g_framework_densetensorarray_pytype;
extern PyTypeObject* g_jit_function_pytype;
extern PyTypeObject* g_tensor_dist_attr_pytype;
extern PyTypeObject* g_process_mesh_pytype;
extern PyTypeObject* g_placement_shard_pytype;
extern PyTypeObject* g_placement_replicated_pytype;
extern PyTypeObject* g_placement_partial_pytype;

int TensorDtype2NumpyDtype(DataType dtype) {
  switch (dtype) {
    case DataType::BOOL:
      return pybind11::detail::npy_api::NPY_BOOL_;
    case DataType::INT8:
      return pybind11::detail::npy_api::NPY_INT8_;
    case DataType::UINT8:
      return pybind11::detail::npy_api::NPY_UINT8_;
    case DataType::UINT16:
      return pybind11::detail::npy_api::NPY_UINT16_;
    case DataType::UINT32:
      return pybind11::detail::npy_api::NPY_UINT32_;
    case DataType::UINT64:
      return pybind11::detail::npy_api::NPY_UINT64_;
    case DataType::INT16:
      return pybind11::detail::npy_api::NPY_INT16_;
    case DataType::INT32:
      return pybind11::detail::npy_api::NPY_INT32_;
    case DataType::INT64:
      return pybind11::detail::npy_api::NPY_INT64_;
    case DataType::BFLOAT16:
      return pybind11::detail::NPY_UINT16_;
    case DataType::FLOAT16:
      return pybind11::detail::NPY_FLOAT16_;
    case DataType::FLOAT32:
      return pybind11::detail::npy_api::NPY_FLOAT_;
    case DataType::FLOAT64:
      return pybind11::detail::npy_api::NPY_DOUBLE_;
    case DataType::COMPLEX64:
      return pybind11::detail::NPY_COMPLEX64;
    case DataType::COMPLEX128:
      return pybind11::detail::NPY_COMPLEX128;
    case DataType::PSTRING:
      return pybind11::detail::npy_api::NPY_UNICODE_;
    case DataType::FLOAT8_E4M3FN:
      return pybind11::detail::npy_api::NPY_BYTE_;
    case DataType::FLOAT8_E5M2:
      return pybind11::detail::npy_api::NPY_BYTE_;
    default:
      PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "Unknown DataType, the int value = %d.", static_cast<int>(dtype)));
      return 0;
  }
}

DataType NumpyDtype2TensorDtype(const int& np_dtype) {
  switch (np_dtype) {
    case pybind11::detail::npy_api::NPY_BOOL_:
      return DataType::BOOL;
    case pybind11::detail::npy_api::NPY_INT8_:
      return DataType::INT8;
    case pybind11::detail::npy_api::NPY_UINT8_:
      return DataType::UINT8;
    case pybind11::detail::npy_api::NPY_INT16_:
      return DataType::INT16;
    case pybind11::detail::npy_api::NPY_INT32_:
      return DataType::INT32;
    case pybind11::detail::npy_api::NPY_INT64_:
      return DataType::INT64;
    case pybind11::detail::NPY_UINT16_:
      return DataType::BFLOAT16;
    case pybind11::detail::NPY_FLOAT16_:
      return DataType::FLOAT16;
    case pybind11::detail::npy_api::NPY_FLOAT_:
      return DataType::FLOAT32;
    case pybind11::detail::npy_api::NPY_DOUBLE_:
      return DataType::FLOAT64;
    case pybind11::detail::NPY_COMPLEX64:
      return DataType::COMPLEX64;
    case pybind11::detail::NPY_COMPLEX128:
      return DataType::COMPLEX128;
    case pybind11::detail::npy_api::NPY_UNICODE_:
      return DataType::PSTRING;
    default:
      PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "Unknown numpy dtype, the int value = %d.", np_dtype));
      return DataType::UNDEFINED;
  }
}

DataType StrDtype2TensorDtype(const std::string& np_dtype) {
  if (np_dtype == "bool") {
    return DataType::BOOL;
  } else if (np_dtype == "int8") {
    return DataType::INT8;
  } else if (np_dtype == "uint8") {
    return DataType::UINT8;
  } else if (np_dtype == "int16") {
    return DataType::INT16;
  } else if (np_dtype == "int32") {
    return DataType::INT32;
  } else if (np_dtype == "int64") {
    return DataType::INT64;
  } else if (np_dtype == "bfloat16") {
    return DataType::BFLOAT16;
  } else if (np_dtype == "float16") {
    return DataType::FLOAT16;
  } else if (np_dtype == "float32") {
    return DataType::FLOAT32;
  } else if (np_dtype == "float64") {
    return DataType::FLOAT64;
  } else if (np_dtype == "complex64") {
    return DataType::COMPLEX64;
  } else if (np_dtype == "complex128") {
    return DataType::COMPLEX128;
  } else if (np_dtype == "float8_e4m3fn") {
    return DataType::FLOAT8_E4M3FN;
  } else if (np_dtype == "float8_e5m2") {
    return DataType::FLOAT8_E5M2;
  } else if (np_dtype == "unicode") {
    return DataType::PSTRING;
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
        "Unknown numpy dtype, the value = %s.", np_dtype));
    return DataType::UNDEFINED;
  }
}

bool PyObject_CheckStr(PyObject* obj) { return PyUnicode_Check(obj); }

bool PyObject_CheckIRValue(PyObject* obj) {
  if (obj == nullptr) return false;
  return PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, g_ir_value_pytype);
}

bool PyObject_CheckIRVectorOfValue(PyObject* obj) {
  if (obj == nullptr) return false;
  if (PyList_Check(obj)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyList_Size(obj);
    PyObject* item = nullptr;
    // if obj is [], parse it as std::vector<scalar>
    if (len == 0) {
      return false;
    }
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      item = PyList_GetItem(obj, i);
      if (!PyObject_CheckIRValue(item)) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    return true;
  } else if (PyTuple_Check(obj)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyTuple_Size(obj);
    PyObject* item = nullptr;
    if (len == 0) {
      return false;
    }
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      item = PyTuple_GetItem(obj, i);
      if (!PyObject_CheckIRValue(item)) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    return true;
  } else if (PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, g_ir_value_pytype)) {
    return true;
  } else {
    return false;
  }
}

bool PyObject_CheckIRVectorOfValueOrLong(PyObject* obj) {
  if (obj == nullptr) return false;
  if (!PyList_Check(obj) && !PyTuple_Check(obj)) {
    return false;
  }

  Py_ssize_t len = PySequence_Size(obj);
  if (len == 0) {
    return false;
  }

  bool is_ir_value = false, is_long = false;

  for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
    PyObject* item = PySequence_GetItem(obj, i);  // Returns new reference
    if (!item) {
      return false;
    }

    if (PyObject_CheckIRValue(item)) {
      is_ir_value = true;
    } else if (PyObject_CheckLong(item)) {
      is_long = true;
    } else {
      Py_DECREF(item);
      return false;
    }

    Py_DECREF(item);  // Because PySequence_GetItem returns new reference
  }

  return is_ir_value && is_long;
}

bool CastPyArg2AttrBoolean(PyObject* obj, ssize_t arg_pos) {
  if (obj == Py_None || obj == Py_False) {
    return false;  // To be compatible with QA integration testing. Some
                   // test cases pass in None.
  } else if (obj == Py_True) {
    return true;
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "argument (position %d) must be "
        "bool, but got %s",
        arg_pos + 1,
        (reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type))->tp_name));
  }
}

int CastPyArg2AttrInt(PyObject* obj, ssize_t arg_pos) {
  if (PyObject_CheckLong(obj)) {
    return PyObject_ToInt32(obj);
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "argument (position %d) must be "
        "int, but got %s",
        arg_pos + 1,
        (reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type))->tp_name));
  }
}

int64_t CastPyArg2AttrLong(PyObject* obj, ssize_t arg_pos) {
  if (PyObject_CheckLong(obj)) {
    return PyObject_ToInt64(obj);
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "argument (position %d) must be "
        "long, but got %s",
        arg_pos + 1,
        (reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type))->tp_name));
  }
}

size_t CastPyArg2AttrSize_t(PyObject* obj, ssize_t arg_pos) {
  if (PyObject_CheckLong(obj)) {
    return PyObject_ToSize_t(obj);
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "argument (position %d) must be "
        "long, but got %s",
        arg_pos + 1,
        (reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type))->tp_name));
  }
}

float CastPyArg2AttrFloat(PyObject* obj, ssize_t arg_pos) {
  if (PyObject_CheckFloat(obj)) {
    return static_cast<float>(PyObject_ToDouble(obj));
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "argument (position %d) must be "
        "float, but got %s",
        arg_pos + 1,
        (reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type))->tp_name));
  }
}

double CastPyArg2AttrDouble(PyObject* obj, ssize_t arg_pos) {
  if (PyObject_CheckFloat(obj)) {
    return PyObject_ToDouble(obj);
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "argument (position %d) must be "
        "float, but got %s",
        arg_pos + 1,
        (reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type))->tp_name));
  }
}

std::string CastPyArg2AttrString(PyObject* obj, ssize_t arg_pos) {
  if (obj == Py_None) {
    return "";
  } else if (PyObject_CheckStr(obj)) {
    Py_ssize_t size = 0;
    const char* data = nullptr;
    data = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(obj, &size);
    return std::string(data, static_cast<size_t>(size));
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "argument (position %d) must be "
        "str, but got %s",
        arg_pos + 1,
        (reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type))->tp_name));
    return "";
  }
}

std::shared_ptr<imperative::VarBase> CastPyArg2VarBase(PyObject* obj,
                                                       ssize_t arg_pos) {
  return py::cast<std::shared_ptr<imperative::VarBase>>(obj);
}

/**
 * @brief Get the string representation of the current Python stack
 *
 * Use Python’s traceback module to obtain the current stack information and
 * convert it into a string representation for return.
 *
 * @return String representation of the current Python stack
 */
std::string GetPythonStack() {
  pybind11::gil_scoped_acquire gil;
  PyObject* mod = PyImport_ImportModule("traceback");
  PyObject* traceback_list = PyObject_CallMethod(mod, "format_stack", "");
  std::string str = "";
  for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < PyList_Size(traceback_list); i++) {
    PyObject* line = PyList_GetItem(traceback_list, i);
    str += py::str(PyUnicode_AsUTF8(line));
  }
  return str;
}
void SetPythonStack() {
  if (FLAGS_check_nan_inf && FLAGS_check_nan_inf_level == 0) {
    VLOG(4) << "this is SetPythonStack";
    std::string str = GetPythonStack();
    std::string last = str + egr::Controller::Instance().GetPythonStack();
    egr::Controller::Instance().SetPythonStack(last);
  }

  if (FLAGS_call_stack_level == 3) {
    VLOG(6) << "this is SetPythonStack";
    std::string str = GetPythonStack();
    egr::Controller::Instance().SetPythonStack(str);
  }
}

std::shared_ptr<jit::Function> CastPyArg2JitFunction(PyObject* obj,
                                                     ssize_t arg_pos) {
  if (PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, g_jit_function_pytype)) {
    return ::pybind11::handle(obj).cast<std::shared_ptr<jit::Function>>();
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "argument (position %d) must be "
        "BaseEngine, but got %s",
        arg_pos + 1,
        reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type)->tp_name));
  }
}

std::vector<Tensor> CastPyArg2VectorOfTensor(
    PyObject* obj, ssize_t arg_pos, const phi::distributed::ProcessMesh* mesh) {
  std::vector<Tensor> result;
  const phi::distributed::ProcessMesh* local_mesh = mesh;
  int mesh_start_index = -1;
  if (PyList_Check(obj)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyList_Size(obj);
    PyObject* item = nullptr;
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      item = PyList_GetItem(obj, i);
      if (PyObject_TypeCheck(item, p_tensor_type)) {
        Tensor& tensor = reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(item)->tensor;
        if (local_mesh) {
          ConvertToDistTensor(&tensor, local_mesh);
        } else {
          if (tensor.defined() && tensor.is_dist_tensor()) {
            local_mesh =
                &(std::dynamic_pointer_cast<phi::distributed::DistTensor>(
                      tensor.impl())
                      ->process_mesh());
            mesh_start_index = i;
          }
        }
        result.emplace_back(tensor);
      } else if (item == Py_None) {
        // emplace empty Tensor for None
        result.emplace_back();
      } else {
        PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
            "argument (position %d) must be "
            "list of Tensor, but got %s at pos %d",
            arg_pos + 1,
            reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(item->ob_type)->tp_name,
            i));
      }
    }
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < mesh_start_index; i++) {
      item = PyList_GetItem(obj, i);
      if (PyObject_TypeCheck(item, p_tensor_type)) {
        Tensor& tensor = reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(item)->tensor;
        ConvertToDistTensor(&tensor, local_mesh);
        result[i] = tensor;
      }
    }
  } else if (PyTuple_Check(obj)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyTuple_Size(obj);
    PyObject* item = nullptr;
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      item = PyTuple_GetItem(obj, i);
      if (PyObject_TypeCheck(item, p_tensor_type)) {
        Tensor& tensor = reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(item)->tensor;
        if (local_mesh) {
          ConvertToDistTensor(&tensor, local_mesh);
        } else {
          if (tensor.defined() && tensor.is_dist_tensor()) {
            local_mesh =
                &(std::dynamic_pointer_cast<phi::distributed::DistTensor>(
                      tensor.impl())
                      ->process_mesh());
            mesh_start_index = i;
          }
        }
        result.emplace_back(tensor);
      } else if (item == Py_None) {
        // emplace empty Tensor for None
        result.emplace_back();
      } else {
        PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
            "argument (position %d) must be "
            "list of Tensor, but got %s at pos %d",
            arg_pos + 1,
            reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(item->ob_type)->tp_name,
            i));
      }
    }
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < mesh_start_index; i++) {
      item = PyTuple_GetItem(obj, i);
      if (PyObject_TypeCheck(item, p_tensor_type)) {
        Tensor& tensor = reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(item)->tensor;
        ConvertToDistTensor(&tensor, local_mesh);
        result[i] = tensor;
      }
    }
  } else if (obj == Py_None) {
    return {};
  } else if (PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, p_tensor_type)) {
    return {reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(obj)->tensor};
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "argument (position %d) must be "
        "list or tuple, but got %s",
        arg_pos + 1,
        reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type)->tp_name));
  }
  return result;
}

std::vector<int> CastPyArg2VectorOfInt(PyObject* obj, size_t arg_pos) {
  std::vector<int> result;
  if (PyList_Check(obj)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyList_Size(obj);
    PyObject* item = nullptr;
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      item = PyList_GET_ITEM(obj, i);
      if (PyObject_CheckLong(item)) {
        result.emplace_back(PyObject_ToInt32(item));
      } else {
        PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
            "argument (position %d) must be "
            "list of int, but got %s at pos %d",
            arg_pos + 1,
            reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(item->ob_type)->tp_name,
            i));
      }
    }
  } else if (PyTuple_Check(obj)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyTuple_Size(obj);
    PyObject* item = nullptr;
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      item = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(obj, i);
      if (PyObject_CheckLong(item)) {
        result.emplace_back(PyObject_ToInt32(item));
      } else {
        PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
            "argument (position %d) must be "
            "list of int, but got %s at pos %d",
            arg_pos + 1,
            reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(item->ob_type)->tp_name,
            i));
      }
    }
  } else if (obj == Py_None) {
    return {};
  } else if (PyObject_CheckLong(obj)) {
    return {PyObject_ToInt32(obj)};
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "argument (position %d) must be "
        "list or tuple, but got %s",
        arg_pos + 1,
        reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type)->tp_name));
  }
  return result;
}

std::vector<int64_t> CastPyArg2VectorOfInt64(PyObject* obj, size_t arg_pos) {
  std::vector<int64_t> result;
  if (PyList_Check(obj)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyList_Size(obj);
    PyObject* item = nullptr;
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      item = PyList_GET_ITEM(obj, i);
      if (PyObject_CheckLong(item)) {
        result.emplace_back(PyObject_ToInt64(item));
      } else {
        PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
            "argument (position %d) must be "
            "list of int, but got %s at pos %d",
            arg_pos + 1,
            reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(item->ob_type)->tp_name,
            i));
      }
    }
  } else if (PyTuple_Check(obj)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyTuple_Size(obj);
    PyObject* item = nullptr;
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      item = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(obj, i);
      if (PyObject_CheckLong(item)) {
        result.emplace_back(PyObject_ToInt64(item));
      } else {
        PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
            "argument (position %d) must be "
            "list of int, but got %s at pos %d",
            arg_pos + 1,
            reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(item->ob_type)->tp_name,
            i));
      }
    }
  } else if (obj == Py_None) {
    return {};
  } else if (PyObject_CheckLong(obj)) {
    return {PyObject_ToInt64(obj)};  // NOLINT
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "argument (position %d) must be "
        "list or tuple, but got %s",
        arg_pos + 1,
        reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type)->tp_name));
  }
  return result;
}

std::vector<size_t> CastPyArg2VectorOfSize_t(PyObject* obj, size_t arg_pos) {
  std::vector<size_t> result;
  if (PyList_Check(obj)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyList_Size(obj);
    PyObject* item = nullptr;
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      item = PyList_GetItem(obj, i);
      if (PyObject_CheckLong(item)) {
        result.emplace_back(PyObject_ToSize_t(item));
      } else {
        PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
            "argument (position %d) must be "
            "list of int, but got %s at pos %d",
            arg_pos + 1,
            reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(item->ob_type)->tp_name,
            i));
      }
    }
  } else if (PyTuple_Check(obj)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyTuple_Size(obj);
    PyObject* item = nullptr;
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      item = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(obj, i);
      if (PyObject_CheckLong(item)) {
        result.emplace_back(PyObject_ToSize_t(item));
      } else {
        PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
            "argument (position %d) must be "
            "list of size_t, but got %s at pos %d",
            arg_pos + 1,
            reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(item->ob_type)->tp_name,
            i));
      }
    }
  } else if (obj == Py_None) {
    return {};
  } else if (PyObject_CheckLong(obj)) {
    return {PyObject_ToSize_t(obj)};  // NOLINT
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "argument (position %d) must be "
        "list of size_t, but got %s",
        arg_pos + 1,
        reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type)->tp_name));
  }
  return result;
}

std::vector<float> CastPyArg2VectorOfFloat(PyObject* obj, size_t arg_pos) {
  std::vector<float> result;
  if (PyList_Check(obj)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyList_Size(obj);
    PyObject* item = nullptr;
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      item = PyList_GetItem(obj, i);
      if (PyObject_CheckFloat(item)) {
        result.emplace_back(static_cast<float>(PyObject_ToDouble(item)));
      } else {
        PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
            "argument (position %d) must be "
            "list of float, but got %s at pos %d",
            arg_pos + 1,
            reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(item->ob_type)->tp_name,
            i));
      }
    }
  } else if (PyTuple_Check(obj)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyTuple_Size(obj);
    PyObject* item = nullptr;
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      item = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(obj, i);
      if (PyObject_CheckFloat(item)) {
        result.emplace_back(static_cast<float>(PyObject_ToDouble(item)));
      } else {
        PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
            "argument (position %d) must be "
            "list of float, but got %s at pos %d",
            arg_pos + 1,
            reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(item->ob_type)->tp_name,
            i));
      }
    }
  } else if (obj == Py_None) {
    return {};
  } else if (PyObject_CheckFloat(obj)) {
    return {static_cast<float>(PyObject_ToDouble(obj))};  // NOLINT
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "argument (position %d) must be "
        "list of float, but got %s",
        arg_pos + 1,
        reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type)->tp_name));
  }
  return result;
}

std::vector<std::vector<size_t>> CastPyArg2VectorOfVectorOfSize_t(
    PyObject* obj, size_t arg_pos) {
  std::vector<std::vector<size_t>> result;
  if (PyList_Check(obj)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyList_Size(obj);
    PyObject* item = nullptr;
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      item = PyList_GetItem(obj, i);
      result.emplace_back(CastPyArg2VectorOfSize_t(item, arg_pos));
    }
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "argument (position %d) must be "
        "list but got %s",
        arg_pos + 1,
        reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type)->tp_name));
  }
  return result;
}

Place CastPyArg2Place(PyObject* obj, ssize_t arg_pos) {
  Place place;
  if (PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, g_place_pytype)) {  // NOLINT
    place = ::pybind11::handle(obj).cast<Place>();
  } else if (PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, g_cudaplace_pytype)) {
    place = ::pybind11::handle(obj).cast<GPUPlace>();
  } else if (PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, g_cpuplace_pytype)) {
    place = ::pybind11::handle(obj).cast<CPUPlace>();
  } else if (PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, g_xpuplace_pytype)) {
    place = ::pybind11::handle(obj).cast<phi::XPUPlace>();
  } else if (PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, g_cudapinnedplace_pytype)) {
    place = ::pybind11::handle(obj).cast<phi::GPUPinnedPlace>();
  } else if (PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, g_xpupinnedplace_pytype)) {
    place = ::pybind11::handle(obj).cast<phi::XPUPinnedPlace>();
  } else if (PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, g_customplace_pytype)) {
    place = ::pybind11::handle(obj).cast<phi::CustomPlace>();
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "argument (position %d) must be "
        "one "
        "of(Place,CUDAPlace,CPUPlace,XPUPlace,CUDAPinnedPlace,"
        "XPUPinnedPlace, CustomPlace), "
        "but got %s",
        arg_pos + 1,
        reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type)->tp_name));
  }
  return place;
}

using phi::distributed::TensorDistAttr;
TensorDistAttr CastPyArg2DistAttr(PyObject* obj, ssize_t arg_pos) {
#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_DISTRIBUTE
  if (PyObject_IsInstance(
          obj, reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(g_tensor_dist_attr_pytype))) {
    return ::pybind11::handle(obj).cast<TensorDistAttr>();
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "argument (position %d) must be "
        "TensorDistAttr, but got %s",
        arg_pos + 1,
        reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type)->tp_name));
  }
#else
  PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::Unavailable(
      "The parsing of `DistAttr` is not supported in the current "
      "PaddlePaddle, please recompile and installPaddlePaddle with the option "
      "of `WITH_DISTRIBUTE=ON`."));
#endif
}

using phi::distributed::ProcessMesh;
ProcessMesh CastPyArg2ProcessMesh(PyObject* obj, ssize_t arg_pos) {
#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_DISTRIBUTE
  if (PyObject_IsInstance(obj,
                          reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(g_process_mesh_pytype))) {
    return ::pybind11::handle(obj).cast<ProcessMesh>();
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "argument (position %d) must be "
        "ProcessMesh, but got %s",
        arg_pos + 1,
        reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type)->tp_name));
  }
#else
  PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::Unavailable(
      "The parsing of `ProcessMesh` is not supported in the current "
      "PaddlePaddle, please recompile and installPaddlePaddle with the option "
      "of `WITH_DISTRIBUTE=ON`."));
#endif
}

std::vector<phi::distributed::ProcessMesh> CastPyArg2VectorOfProcessMesh(
    PyObject* obj, ssize_t arg_pos) {
#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_DISTRIBUTE
  std::vector<phi::distributed::ProcessMesh> result;
  if (PyList_Check(obj) || PyTuple_Check(obj)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyObject_Size(obj);
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      PyObject* item =
          PyList_Check(obj) ? PyList_GetItem(obj, i) : PyTuple_GetItem(obj, i);
      if (PyObject_IsInstance(
              item, reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(g_process_mesh_pytype))) {
        result.emplace_back(::pybind11::handle(item).cast<ProcessMesh>());
      } else {
        PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
            "argument (position %d) must be "
            "list of ProcessMesh, but got %s at pos %d",
            arg_pos + 1,
            reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type)->tp_name,
            i));
      }
    }
  } else if (obj == Py_None) {
    return {};
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "argument (position %d) must be list or "
        "tuple of ProcessMesh, but got %s",
        arg_pos + 1,
        reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type)->tp_name));
  }
  return result;
#else
  PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::Unavailable(
      "The parsing of `ProcessMesh` is not supported in the current "
      "PaddlePaddle, please recompile and installPaddlePaddle with the option "
      "of `WITH_DISTRIBUTE=ON`."));
#endif
}

DenseTensor CastPyArg2FrameworkTensor(PyObject* obj, ssize_t arg_pos) {
  if (PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, g_framework_tensor_pytype)) {
    return ::pybind11::handle(obj).cast<DenseTensor>();
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "argument (position %d) must be "
        "DenseTensor, but got %s",
        arg_pos + 1,
        reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type)->tp_name));
  }
}

std::vector<DenseTensor> CastPyArg2VectorOfTensorBase(PyObject* obj,
                                                      ssize_t arg_pos) {
  std::vector<DenseTensor> result;
  if (PyList_Check(obj)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyList_Size(obj);
    PyObject* item = nullptr;
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      item = PyList_GetItem(obj, i);
      if (PyObject_TypeCheck(item, g_framework_tensor_pytype)) {
        result.emplace_back(::pybind11::handle(item).cast<DenseTensor>());
      } else {
        PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
            "argument (position %d) must be "
            "list of DenseTensor, but got %s at pos %d",
            arg_pos + 1,
            reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(item->ob_type)->tp_name,
            i));
      }
    }
  } else if (PyTuple_Check(obj)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyTuple_Size(obj);
    PyObject* item = nullptr;
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      item = PyTuple_GetItem(obj, i);
      if (PyObject_TypeCheck(item, g_framework_tensor_pytype)) {
        result.emplace_back(::pybind11::handle(item).cast<DenseTensor>());
      } else {
        PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
            "argument (position %d) must be "
            "list of DenseTensor, but got %s at pos %d",
            arg_pos + 1,
            reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(item->ob_type)->tp_name,
            i));
      }
    }
  } else if (PyObject_TypeCheck(
                 obj,
                 g_framework_densetensorarray_pytype)) {  // NOLINT
    for (auto& tensor : (::pybind11::handle(obj).cast<phi::TensorArray>())) {
      result.emplace_back(tensor);
    }
  } else if (obj == Py_None) {
    return {};
  } else if (PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, g_framework_tensor_pytype)) {
    return {::pybind11::handle(obj).cast<DenseTensor>()};
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "argument (position %d) must be "
        "list or tuple, but got %s",
        arg_pos + 1,
        reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type)->tp_name));
  }
  return result;
}

using phi::distributed::Partial;
using phi::distributed::Placement;
using phi::distributed::Placements;
using phi::distributed::Replicate;
using phi::distributed::Shard;
Placements CastPyArg2VectorOfPlacement(PyObject* obj, ssize_t arg_pos) {
  Placements result;
  auto check_and_emplace = [&](PyObject* item, ssize_t i) {
    if (PyObject_TypeCheck(item, g_placement_shard_pytype)) {  // NOLINT
      result.emplace_back(
          ::pybind11::handle(item).cast<std::shared_ptr<Shard>>());
    } else if (PyObject_TypeCheck(item, g_placement_replicated_pytype)) {
      result.emplace_back(std::make_shared<Replicate>(
          ::pybind11::handle(item).cast<Replicate>()));
    } else if (PyObject_TypeCheck(item, g_placement_partial_pytype)) {
      result.emplace_back(
          std::make_shared<Partial>(::pybind11::handle(item).cast<Partial>()));
    } else {
      PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
          "argument (position %d) must be list of Placement, but got %s at pos "
          "%d",
          arg_pos + 1,
          reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(item->ob_type)->tp_name,
          i));
    }
  };

  if (PyList_Check(obj) || PyTuple_Check(obj)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyObject_Size(obj);
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      PyObject* item =
          PyList_Check(obj) ? PyList_GetItem(obj, i) : PyTuple_GetItem(obj, i);
      check_and_emplace(item, i);
    }
  } else if (obj == Py_None) {
    return {};
  } else {
    check_and_emplace(obj, 0);
  }
  return result;
}

paddle::framework::proto::VarType::Type CastPyArg2ProtoType(PyObject* obj,
                                                            ssize_t arg_pos) {
  paddle::framework::proto::VarType::Type dtype;
  if (PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, g_vartype_pytype)) {
    dtype =
        ::pybind11::handle(obj).cast<paddle::framework::proto::VarType::Type>();
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "argument (position %d) must be "
        "one of core.VarDesc.VarType, "
        "but got %s",
        arg_pos + 1,
        reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type)->tp_name));
  }
  return dtype;
}

DataType CastPyArg2DataTypeDirectly(PyObject* obj,
                                    const std::string& op_type,
                                    ssize_t arg_pos) {
  if (obj == Py_None) {
    return DataType::UNDEFINED;
  }

  DataType dtype;
  if (PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, g_data_type_pytype)) {
    dtype = ::pybind11::handle(obj).cast<DataType>();
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "%s: argument (position %d) must be "
        "one of DataType, "
        "but got %s",
        op_type,
        arg_pos + 1,
        reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type)->tp_name));
  }
  return dtype;
}

DataType CastPyArg2DataTypeDirectly(PyObject* obj,
                                    const std::string& op_type,
                                    ssize_t arg_pos,
                                    DataType default_value) {
  if (obj == nullptr) {
    return default_value;
  } else {
    return CastPyArg2DataTypeDirectly(obj, op_type, arg_pos);
  }
}

phi::Vocab CastPyArg2Vocab(PyObject* obj, ssize_t arg_pos) {
  if (PyDict_Check(obj)) {
    phi::Vocab vocab;
    vocab = ::pybind11::handle(obj)
                .cast<std::unordered_map<std::wstring, std::int32_t>>();
    return vocab;
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "argument (position %d) must be dict, but got %s",
        arg_pos + 1,
        reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type)->tp_name));
  }
}

std::vector<std::string> CastPyArg2VectorOfString(PyObject* obj,
                                                  ssize_t arg_pos) {
  if (PyList_Check(obj)) {
    return ::pybind11::handle(obj).cast<std::vector<std::string>>();
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "argument (position %d) must be list, but got %s",
        arg_pos + 1,
        reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type)->tp_name));
  }
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(bool value) {
  if (value) {
    Py_INCREF(Py_True);
    return Py_True;
  } else {
    Py_INCREF(Py_False);
    return Py_False;
  }
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(int value) { return PyLong_FromLong(value); }

PyObject* ToPyObject(uint32_t value) { return PyLong_FromUnsignedLong(value); }

PyObject* ToPyObject(int64_t value) { return PyLong_FromLongLong(value); }

PyObject* ToPyObject(size_t value) { return PyLong_FromSize_t(value); }

PyObject* ToPyObject(float value) { return PyFloat_FromDouble(value); }

PyObject* ToPyObject(double value) { return PyFloat_FromDouble(value); }

PyObject* ToPyObject(const char* value) { return PyUnicode_FromString(value); }

PyObject* ToPyObject(const std::string& value) {
  return PyUnicode_FromString(value.c_str());
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(const Tensor& value,
                     PyObject* args,
                     const std::map<ssize_t, ssize_t>& inplace_var_idx_map) {
  if (!inplace_var_idx_map.empty() && inplace_var_idx_map.count(0)) {
    return ToPyObject(args, inplace_var_idx_map.at(0));
  } else {
    return ToPyObject(value);
  }
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(PyObject* args, ssize_t arg_idx) {
  // For inplace op, directly return the input PyObject of the inplace tensor.
  // [Parameter]
  // args: Input PyObject.
  // arg_idx: Index of inplace PyObject in input args. Used to find the input
  // inplace PyObject.
  PyObject* obj = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, arg_idx);
  Py_INCREF(obj);
  return obj;
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(
    const Tensor& value,
    PyObject* args,
    PyObject* kwargs,
    const std::map<ssize_t, ssize_t>& inplace_var_idx_map,
    const std::map<ssize_t, std::vector<std::string>>& inplace_var_name_map) {
  if (!inplace_var_idx_map.empty() && inplace_var_idx_map.count(0)) {
    return ToPyObject(
        args, kwargs, inplace_var_idx_map.at(0), inplace_var_name_map.at(0));
  } else {
    return ToPyObject(value);
  }
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(PyObject* args,
                     PyObject* kwargs,
                     ssize_t arg_idx,
                     std::vector<std::string> arg_names) {
  // For inplace op, directly return the input PyObject of the inplace tensor.
  // Used for apis with single output
  // [Parameter]
  // args: Input PyObject.
  // kwargs: Input PyObject (keyword arg).
  // arg_idx: Index of inplace PyObject in input args. Used to find the input
  // arg_names: Name list of inplace PyObject in input args. Used to find the
  // input
  if (PyTuple_Size(args) > arg_idx) {
    // inplace PyObject in args
    PyObject* obj = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, arg_idx);
    Py_INCREF(obj);
    return obj;
  } else {
    // inplace PyObject in kwargs
    for (size_t i = 0; i < arg_names.size(); i++) {
      PyObject* obj = PyDict_GetItemString(kwargs, arg_names[i].c_str());
      if (obj) {
        Py_INCREF(obj);
        return obj;
      }
    }
  }
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(const std::vector<bool>& value) {
  PyObject* result = PyList_New((Py_ssize_t)value.size());

  for (size_t i = 0; i < value.size(); i++) {
    PyList_SET_ITEM(result, static_cast<Py_ssize_t>(i), ToPyObject(value[i]));
  }

  return result;
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(const std::vector<int>& value) {
  PyObject* result = PyList_New((Py_ssize_t)value.size());

  for (size_t i = 0; i < value.size(); i++) {
    PyList_SET_ITEM(result, static_cast<Py_ssize_t>(i), ToPyObject(value[i]));
  }

  return result;
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(const std::vector<int64_t>& value) {
  PyObject* result = PyList_New((Py_ssize_t)value.size());

  for (size_t i = 0; i < value.size(); i++) {
    PyList_SET_ITEM(result, (Py_ssize_t)i, ToPyObject(value[i]));
  }

  return result;
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(const std::vector<size_t>& value) {
  PyObject* result = PyList_New((Py_ssize_t)value.size());

  for (size_t i = 0; i < value.size(); i++) {
    PyList_SET_ITEM(result, (Py_ssize_t)i, ToPyObject(value[i]));
  }

  return result;
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(const std::vector<float>& value) {
  PyObject* result = PyList_New((Py_ssize_t)value.size());

  for (size_t i = 0; i < value.size(); i++) {
    PyList_SET_ITEM(result, static_cast<Py_ssize_t>(i), ToPyObject(value[i]));
  }

  return result;
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(const std::vector<double>& value) {
  PyObject* result = PyList_New((Py_ssize_t)value.size());

  for (size_t i = 0; i < value.size(); i++) {
    PyList_SET_ITEM(result, static_cast<Py_ssize_t>(i), ToPyObject(value[i]));
  }

  return result;
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(const std::vector<std::vector<size_t>>& value) {
  PyObject* result = PyList_New((Py_ssize_t)value.size());

  for (size_t i = 0; i < value.size(); i++) {
    PyList_SET_ITEM(result, static_cast<Py_ssize_t>(i), ToPyObject(value[i]));
  }

  return result;
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(const std::vector<Tensor>& value,
                     bool return_py_none_if_not_initialize) {
  // NOTE(liuyuanle): I encountered a bug(access violation) in windows. ref to
  // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55598839/how-to-fix-access-violation-error-when-returning-pyobject-from-c-function-usin
  PyGILState_STATE gstate = PyGILState_Ensure();
  PyObject* result = PyList_New((Py_ssize_t)value.size());
  PyGILState_Release(gstate);

  for (size_t i = 0; i < value.size(); i++) {
    if (!value[i].has_allocation() && return_py_none_if_not_initialize) {
      Py_INCREF(Py_None);
      PyList_SET_ITEM(result, static_cast<Py_ssize_t>(i), Py_None);
    } else {
      PyObject* obj = p_tensor_type->tp_alloc(p_tensor_type, 0);
      if (obj) {
        auto v = reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(obj);
        new (&(v->tensor)) Tensor();
        v->tensor = value[i];
      } else {
        PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::Fatal(
            "tp_alloc return null, can not new a PyObject."));
      }
      PyList_SET_ITEM(result, static_cast<Py_ssize_t>(i), obj);
    }
  }

  return result;
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(const std::vector<std::vector<Tensor>>& value,
                     bool return_py_none_if_not_initialize) {
  PyObject* result = PyList_New((Py_ssize_t)value.size());

  for (size_t i = 0; i < value.size(); i++) {
    PyList_SET_ITEM(result,
                    static_cast<Py_ssize_t>(i),
                    ToPyObject(value[i], return_py_none_if_not_initialize));
  }

  return result;
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(const Place& value) {
  auto obj = ::pybind11::cast(value);
  obj.inc_ref();
  return obj.ptr();
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(const paddle::framework::proto::VarType::Type& dtype) {
  auto obj = ::pybind11::cast(dtype);
  obj.inc_ref();
  return obj.ptr();
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(const paddle::framework::proto::VarType& type) {
  auto obj = ::pybind11::cast(type);
  obj.inc_ref();
  return obj.ptr();
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(const phi::DenseTensor* value) {
  auto obj = ::pybind11::cast(value, py::return_value_policy::reference);
  obj.inc_ref();
  return obj.ptr();
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(const DataType& dtype) {
  auto& cache = paddle::pybind::DataTypeSingletonCache::Instance();
  PyObject* cached = cache.Get(dtype);
  if (cached) {
    Py_INCREF(cached);
    return cached;
  }
  // Fallback: cache not initialized yet (should not happen in normal flow)
  PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::Fatal(
      "DataTypeSingletonCache is not initialized when ToPyObject is called."));
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(const std::vector<DataType>& dtypes) {
  PyObject* result = PyList_New((Py_ssize_t)dtypes.size());
  for (size_t i = 0; i < dtypes.size(); i++) {
    PyList_SET_ITEM(result, static_cast<Py_ssize_t>(i), ToPyObject(dtypes[i]));
  }
  return result;
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(const pir::Value& value) {
  auto obj = ::pybind11::cast(value);
  obj.inc_ref();
  return obj.ptr();
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(pir::Operation* op) {
  auto obj = ::pybind11::cast(op, ::pybind11::return_value_policy::reference);
  obj.inc_ref();
  return obj.ptr();
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(const std::vector<pir::Value>& value) {
  PyObject* result = PyList_New((Py_ssize_t)value.size());

  for (size_t i = 0; i < value.size(); i++) {
    PyList_SET_ITEM(result, static_cast<Py_ssize_t>(i), ToPyObject(value[i]));
  }

  return result;
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(const phi::distributed::DistTensor* value) {
#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_DISTRIBUTE
  auto obj = ::pybind11::cast(value, py::return_value_policy::reference);
  obj.inc_ref();
  return obj.ptr();
#else
  PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::Unavailable(
      "DistTensor to PyObject is not supported in the current "
      "PaddlePaddle, please recompile and installPaddlePaddle with the option "
      "of `WITH_DISTRIBUTE=ON`."));
#endif
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(const phi::distributed::TensorDistAttr* value) {
#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_DISTRIBUTE
  auto obj = ::pybind11::cast(value, py::return_value_policy::reference);
  obj.inc_ref();
  return obj.ptr();
#else
  PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::Unavailable(
      "TensorDistAttr to PyObject is not supported in the current "
      "PaddlePaddle, please recompile and installPaddlePaddle with the option "
      "of `WITH_DISTRIBUTE=ON`."));
#endif
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(const phi::distributed::ProcessMesh* value) {
#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_DISTRIBUTE
  auto obj = ::pybind11::cast(value, py::return_value_policy::reference);
  obj.inc_ref();
  return obj.ptr();
#else
  PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::Unavailable(
      "ProcessMesh to PyObject is not supported in the current "
      "PaddlePaddle, please recompile and installPaddlePaddle with the option "
      "of `WITH_DISTRIBUTE=ON`."));
#endif
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(const phi::distributed::Placement& value) {
  auto obj = ::pybind11::cast(value, py::return_value_policy::reference);
  obj.inc_ref();
  return obj.ptr();
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(std::shared_ptr<phi::distributed::Placement> value) {
  auto obj = ::pybind11::cast(value, py::return_value_policy::reference);
  obj.inc_ref();
  return obj.ptr();
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(const phi::distributed::Placements& values) {
#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_DISTRIBUTE
  PyObject* result = PyList_New((Py_ssize_t)values.size());

  for (size_t i = 0; i < values.size(); i++) {
    auto& value = values[i];
    PyList_SET_ITEM(result, static_cast<Py_ssize_t>(i), ToPyObject(value));
  }

  return result;
#else
  PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::Unavailable(
      "Placements to PyObject is not supported in the current "
      "PaddlePaddle, please recompile and install PaddlePaddle with the option "
      "of `WITH_DISTRIBUTE=ON`."));
#endif
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(const phi::SelectedRows* value) {
  auto obj = ::pybind11::cast(value, py::return_value_policy::reference);
  obj.inc_ref();
  return obj.ptr();
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(const void* value) {
  if (value == nullptr) {
    RETURN_PY_NONE
  }
  PADDLE_THROW(
      common::errors::Fatal("ToPyObject do not support void* with value."));
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(const std::unordered_map<int, int>& value) {
  PyObject* dict = PyDict_New();
  for (const auto& map_iter : value) {
    // Convert Key
    PyObject* key = ToPyObject(map_iter.first);
    // Convert Value
    PyObject* value = ToPyObject(map_iter.second);

    if (!key || !value) {
      PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::Fatal("Unable to convert int to PyObject"));
    }

    if (PyDict_SetItem(dict, key, value) != 0) {
      PADDLE_THROW(
          common::errors::Fatal("Unable to set key:value for py_dict"));
    }
  }
  return dict;
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(
    const std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<std::string>>& value) {
  PyObject* dict = PyDict_New();
  for (const auto& map_iter : value) {
    // Convert Key
    PyObject* key_string = PyUnicode_FromString(map_iter.first.c_str());
    if (!key_string) {
      PADDLE_THROW(
          common::errors::Fatal("Unable to convert std::string to PyObject"));
    }

    // Convert Val
    PyObject* py_list = PyList_New(0);
    for (const auto& vector_iter : map_iter.second) {
      PyObject* val_string = PyUnicode_FromString(vector_iter.c_str());
      if (!val_string) {
        PADDLE_THROW(
            common::errors::Fatal("Unable to convert std::string to PyObject"));
      }

      if (PyList_Append(py_list, val_string) != 0) {
        PADDLE_THROW(
            common::errors::Fatal("Unable to append string to py_list"));
      }
      Py_DECREF(val_string);
    }

    if (PyDict_SetItem(dict, key_string, py_list) != 0) {
      PADDLE_THROW(
          common::errors::Fatal("Unable to set key:value for py_dict"));
    }
    Py_DECREF(py_list);
    Py_DECREF(key_string);
  }

  return dict;
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(const phi::Vocab& value) {
  PyObject* dict = PyDict_New();
  for (const auto& map_iter : value) {
    // Convert Key
    PyObject* key_string = PyUnicode_FromWideChar(
        map_iter.first.c_str(), map_iter.first.size());  // NOLINT
    if (!key_string) {
      PADDLE_THROW(
          common::errors::Fatal("Unable to convert std::wstring to PyObject"));
    }

    // Convert Val
    PyObject* py_int = PyLong_FromLong(map_iter.second);

    if (PyDict_SetItem(dict, key_string, py_int) != 0) {
      PADDLE_THROW(
          common::errors::Fatal("Unable to set key:value for py_dict"));
    }
  }
  return dict;
}

// For Final State Dygraph,
// We directly use paddle::optional(Tensor) as dispensable Tensor
paddle::optional<Tensor> GetOptionalTensorFromArgs(
    const std::string& op_type,
    const std::string& arg_name,
    PyObject* args,
    ssize_t arg_idx,
    bool dispensable,
    const phi::distributed::ProcessMesh* mesh) {
  PyObject* obj = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, arg_idx);

  if (obj == nullptr || obj == Py_None) {
    if (!dispensable) {
      PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be Tensor, but got None",
          op_type,
          arg_name,
          arg_idx));
    }
    return paddle::none;
  }

  if (PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, p_tensor_type)) {
    if (mesh) {
      ConvertToDistTensor(&(reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(obj)->tensor),
                          mesh);
    }
    return paddle::make_optional<Tensor>(
        reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(obj)->tensor);
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
        "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be Tensor, but got %s",
        op_type,
        arg_name,
        arg_idx,
        reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type)->tp_name));
  }
}

paddle::optional<Tensor> GetOptionalTensorFromArgsOrKWArgs(
    const std::string& op_type,
    const std::string& arg_name,
    PyObject* args,
    ssize_t arg_idx,
    PyObject* kwargs,
    const std::vector<std::string>& keywords,
    const int nargs,
    int* remaining_kwargs,
    bool dispensable,
    const phi::distributed::ProcessMesh* mesh) {
  PyObject* obj = GetItemFromArgsOrKWArgs(
      args, arg_idx, kwargs, keywords, nargs, remaining_kwargs);

  if (obj == nullptr || obj == Py_None) {
    if (!dispensable) {
      PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be Tensor, but got None",
          op_type,
          arg_name,
          arg_idx));
    }
    return paddle::none;
  }

  if (PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, p_tensor_type)) {
    if (mesh) {
      ConvertToDistTensor(&(reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(obj)->tensor),
                          mesh);
    }
    return paddle::make_optional<Tensor>(
        reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(obj)->tensor);
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
        "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be Tensor, but got %s",
        op_type,
        arg_name,
        arg_idx,
        reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type)->tp_name));
  }
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(std::shared_ptr<egr::GradNodeBase> grad_node) {
  py::object py_obj = py::cast(grad_node, py::return_value_policy::reference);
  PyObject* py_grad_node = py_obj.release().ptr();
  Py_INCREF(py_grad_node);
  return py_grad_node;
}

static Tensor& GetTensorFromPyObject(const std::string& op_type,
                                     const std::string& arg_name,
                                     PyObject* obj,
                                     ssize_t arg_idx,
                                     bool dispensable) {
  if (obj == nullptr || obj == Py_None) {
    if (!dispensable) {
      PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be Tensor, but got None",
          op_type,
          arg_name,
          arg_idx));
    }
    static Tensor emptytensor;
    return emptytensor;
  }

  if (PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, p_tensor_type) ||
      PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, p_string_tensor_type)) {
    return reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(obj)->tensor;
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
        "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be Tensor, but got %s",
        op_type,
        arg_name,
        arg_idx,
        reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type)->tp_name));
  }
}

std::vector<Tensor> GetTensorListFromPyObject_(
    const std::string& op_type,
    const std::string& arg_name,
    PyObject* list,
    ssize_t arg_idx,
    bool dispensable,
    const phi::distributed::ProcessMesh* mesh) {
  if (list == nullptr) {
    if (!dispensable) {
      PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be list of Tensor, but got "
          "None",
          op_type,
          arg_name,
          arg_idx));
    }
    return {};
  }

  std::vector<Tensor> result;
  const phi::distributed::ProcessMesh* local_mesh = nullptr;
  int mesh_start_index = -1;

  if (PyList_Check(list)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyList_Size(list);
    result.reserve(static_cast<size_t>(len));
    if (len == 0) {
      PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be list of Tensors, but got "
          "empty list",
          op_type,
          arg_name,
          arg_idx));
    }
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      PyObject* tensor_obj = PyList_GetItem(list, i);
      PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(
          PyObject_TypeCheck(tensor_obj, p_tensor_type),
          true,
          common::errors::InvalidArgument(
              "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be list of Tensors",
              op_type,
              arg_name,
              arg_idx));
      Tensor& tensor = reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(tensor_obj)->tensor;
      if (local_mesh) {
        ConvertToDistTensor(&tensor, local_mesh);
      } else {
        if (tensor.defined() && tensor.is_dist_tensor()) {
          local_mesh =
              &(std::dynamic_pointer_cast<phi::distributed::DistTensor>(
                    tensor.impl())
                    ->process_mesh());
          mesh_start_index = i;
        }
      }
      result.emplace_back(tensor);
    }
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < mesh_start_index; i++) {
      Tensor& tensor =
          reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(PyList_GetItem(list, i))->tensor;
      ConvertToDistTensor(&tensor, local_mesh);
      result[i] = tensor;
    }
  } else if (PyTuple_Check(list)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyTuple_Size(list);
    result.reserve(static_cast<size_t>(len));
    if (len == 0) {
      PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be list of Tensors, but got "
          "empty list",
          op_type,
          arg_name,
          arg_idx));
    }
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      PyObject* tensor_obj = PyTuple_GetItem(list, i);
      PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(
          PyObject_TypeCheck(tensor_obj, p_tensor_type),
          true,
          common::errors::InvalidArgument(
              "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be list of Tensors",
              op_type,
              arg_name,
              arg_idx));
      Tensor& tensor = reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(tensor_obj)->tensor;
      if (local_mesh) {
        ConvertToDistTensor(&tensor, local_mesh);
      } else {
        if (tensor.defined() && tensor.is_dist_tensor()) {
          local_mesh =
              &(std::dynamic_pointer_cast<phi::distributed::DistTensor>(
                    tensor.impl())
                    ->process_mesh());
          mesh_start_index = i;
        }
      }
      result.emplace_back(tensor);
    }
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < mesh_start_index; i++) {
      Tensor& tensor =
          reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(PyTuple_GetItem(list, i))->tensor;
      ConvertToDistTensor(&tensor, local_mesh);
      result[i] = tensor;
    }
  } else if (list == Py_None) {
    return {};
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
        "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be list of Tensors, but got "
        "%s",
        op_type,
        arg_name,
        arg_idx,
        (reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(list->ob_type))->tp_name));
  }

  return result;
}

// For Intermediate State Dygraph,
// we use an uninitialized Tensor to represent dispensable Tensor
Tensor& GetTensorFromArgs(const std::string& op_type,
                          const std::string& arg_name,
                          PyObject* args,
                          ssize_t arg_idx,
                          bool dispensable) {
  PyObject* obj = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, arg_idx);
  return GetTensorFromPyObject(op_type, arg_name, obj, arg_idx, dispensable);
}

Tensor& GetTensorFromArgsOrKWArgs(const std::string& op_type,
                                  const std::string& arg_name,
                                  PyObject* args,
                                  ssize_t arg_idx,
                                  PyObject* kwargs,
                                  const std::vector<std::string>& keywords,
                                  const int nargs,
                                  int* remaining_kwargs,
                                  bool dispensable) {
  PyObject* obj = GetItemFromArgsOrKWArgs(
      args, arg_idx, kwargs, keywords, nargs, remaining_kwargs);
  return GetTensorFromPyObject(op_type, arg_name, obj, arg_idx, dispensable);
}

std::vector<Tensor> GetTensorListFromArgs(
    const std::string& op_type,
    const std::string& arg_name,
    PyObject* args,
    ssize_t arg_idx,
    bool dispensable,
    const phi::distributed::ProcessMesh* mesh) {
  PyObject* list = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, arg_idx);
  return GetTensorListFromPyObject_(
      op_type, arg_name, list, arg_idx, dispensable, mesh);
}

std::vector<Tensor> GetTensorListFromArgsOrKWArgs(
    const std::string& op_type,
    const std::string& arg_name,
    PyObject* args,
    ssize_t arg_idx,
    PyObject* kwargs,
    const std::vector<std::string>& keywords,
    const int nargs,
    int* remaining_kwargs,
    bool dispensable,
    const phi::distributed::ProcessMesh* mesh) {
  PyObject* list = GetItemFromArgsOrKWArgs(
      args, arg_idx, kwargs, keywords, nargs, remaining_kwargs);
  return GetTensorListFromPyObject_(
      op_type, arg_name, list, arg_idx, dispensable, mesh);
}

paddle::optional<std::vector<Tensor>> GetOptionalTensorListFromArgs(
    const std::string& op_type,
    const std::string& arg_name,
    PyObject* args,
    ssize_t arg_idx,
    bool dispensable,
    const phi::distributed::ProcessMesh* mesh) {
  PyObject* list = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, arg_idx);

  if (list == nullptr || list == Py_None) {
    if (!dispensable) {
      PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be list of Tensor, but got "
          "None",
          op_type,
          arg_name,
          arg_idx));
    }
    return paddle::none;
  }

  std::vector<Tensor> result;
  const phi::distributed::ProcessMesh* local_mesh = nullptr;
  int mesh_start_index = -1;

  if (PyList_Check(list)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyList_Size(list);
    result.reserve(static_cast<size_t>(len));
    if (len == 0) {
      PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be list of Tensors, but got "
          "empty list",
          op_type,
          arg_name,
          arg_idx));
    }
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      PyObject* tensor_obj = PyList_GetItem(list, i);
      PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(
          PyObject_TypeCheck(tensor_obj, p_tensor_type),
          true,
          common::errors::InvalidArgument(
              "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be list of Tensors",
              op_type,
              arg_name,
              arg_idx));
      Tensor& tensor = reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(tensor_obj)->tensor;
      if (local_mesh) {
        ConvertToDistTensor(&tensor, local_mesh);
      } else {
        if (tensor.defined() && tensor.is_dist_tensor()) {
          local_mesh =
              &(std::dynamic_pointer_cast<phi::distributed::DistTensor>(
                    tensor.impl())
                    ->process_mesh());
          mesh_start_index = i;
        }
      }
      result.emplace_back(tensor);
    }
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < mesh_start_index; i++) {
      Tensor& tensor =
          reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(PyList_GetItem(list, i))->tensor;
      ConvertToDistTensor(&tensor, local_mesh);
      result[i] = tensor;
    }
  } else if (PyTuple_Check(list)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyTuple_Size(list);
    result.reserve(static_cast<size_t>(len));
    if (len == 0) {
      PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be list of Tensors, but got "
          "empty list",
          op_type,
          arg_name,
          arg_idx));
    }
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      PyObject* tensor_obj = PyTuple_GetItem(list, i);
      PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(
          PyObject_TypeCheck(tensor_obj, p_tensor_type),
          true,
          common::errors::InvalidArgument(
              "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be list of Tensors",
              op_type,
              arg_name,
              arg_idx));
      Tensor& tensor = reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(tensor_obj)->tensor;
      if (local_mesh) {
        ConvertToDistTensor(&tensor, local_mesh);
      } else {
        if (tensor.defined() && tensor.is_dist_tensor()) {
          local_mesh =
              &(std::dynamic_pointer_cast<phi::distributed::DistTensor>(
                    tensor.impl())
                    ->process_mesh());
          mesh_start_index = i;
        }
      }
      result.emplace_back(tensor);
    }
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < mesh_start_index; i++) {
      Tensor& tensor =
          reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(PyTuple_GetItem(list, i))->tensor;
      ConvertToDistTensor(&tensor, local_mesh);
      result[i] = tensor;
    }
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
        "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be list of Tensors, but got "
        "%s",
        op_type,
        arg_name,
        arg_idx,
        (reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(list->ob_type))->tp_name));
  }

  return result;
}

Tensor* GetTensorPtrFromArgs(const std::string& op_type,
                             const std::string& arg_name,
                             PyObject* args,
                             ssize_t arg_idx,
                             bool dispensable) {
  PyObject* obj = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, arg_idx);

  if (obj == nullptr || obj == Py_None) {
    if (!dispensable) {
      PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be Tensor, but got None",
          op_type,
          arg_name,
          arg_idx));
    }
    static Tensor emptytensor;
    return &emptytensor;
  }

  if (PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, p_tensor_type)) {
    return &(reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(obj)->tensor);
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
        "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be Tensor, but got %s",
        op_type,
        arg_name,
        arg_idx,
        reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type)->tp_name));
  }
}

std::vector<Tensor*> GetTensorPtrListFromArgs(
    const std::string& op_type,
    const std::string& arg_name,
    PyObject* args,
    ssize_t arg_idx,
    bool dispensable,
    const phi::distributed::ProcessMesh* mesh) {
  PyObject* list = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, arg_idx);

  if (list == nullptr) {
    if (!dispensable) {
      PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be list of Tensor, but got "
          "None",
          op_type,
          arg_name,
          arg_idx));
    }
    return {};
  }

  std::vector<Tensor*> result;
  const phi::distributed::ProcessMesh* local_mesh = nullptr;
  int mesh_start_index = -1;

  if (PyList_Check(list)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyList_Size(list);
    if (len == 0) {
      PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be list of Tensors, but got "
          "empty list",
          op_type,
          arg_name,
          arg_idx));
    }
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      Tensor* tensor =
          &(reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(PyList_GetItem(list, i))->tensor);
      if (local_mesh) {
        ConvertToDistTensor(tensor, local_mesh);
      } else {
        if (tensor->defined() && tensor->is_dist_tensor()) {
          local_mesh =
              &(std::dynamic_pointer_cast<phi::distributed::DistTensor>(
                    tensor->impl())
                    ->process_mesh());
          mesh_start_index = i;
        }
      }
      result.emplace_back(tensor);
    }
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < mesh_start_index; i++) {
      Tensor* tensor =
          &(reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(PyList_GetItem(list, i))->tensor);
      ConvertToDistTensor(tensor, local_mesh);
      result[i] = tensor;
    }
  } else if (PyTuple_Check(list)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyTuple_Size(list);
    if (len == 0) {
      PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be list of Tensors, but got "
          "empty list",
          op_type,
          arg_name,
          arg_idx));
    }
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      Tensor* tensor =
          &(reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(PyTuple_GetItem(list, i))->tensor);
      if (local_mesh) {
        ConvertToDistTensor(tensor, local_mesh);
      } else {
        if (tensor->defined() && tensor->is_dist_tensor()) {
          local_mesh =
              &(std::dynamic_pointer_cast<phi::distributed::DistTensor>(
                    tensor->impl())
                    ->process_mesh());
          mesh_start_index = i;
        }
      }
      result.emplace_back(tensor);
    }
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < mesh_start_index; i++) {
      Tensor* tensor =
          &(reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(PyTuple_GetItem(list, i))->tensor);
      ConvertToDistTensor(tensor, local_mesh);
      result[i] = tensor;
    }
  } else if (list == Py_None) {
    return {};
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
        "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be list of Tensors, but got "
        "%s",
        op_type,
        arg_name,
        arg_idx,
        (reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(list->ob_type))->tp_name));
  }

  return result;
}

std::vector<Tensor*> GetTensorPtrListFromPyObject(PyObject* obj) {
  std::vector<Tensor*> result;
  const phi::distributed::ProcessMesh* local_mesh = nullptr;
  int mesh_start_index = -1;
  if (PyList_Check(obj)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyList_Size(obj);
    if (len == 0) {
      PADDLE_THROW(
          common::errors::InvalidArgument("The list of Tensor is empty."));
    }
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      Tensor* tensor =
          &(reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(PyList_GetItem(obj, i))->tensor);
      if (local_mesh) {
        ConvertToDistTensor(tensor, local_mesh);
      } else {
        if (tensor->defined() && tensor->is_dist_tensor()) {
          local_mesh =
              &(std::dynamic_pointer_cast<phi::distributed::DistTensor>(
                    tensor->impl())
                    ->process_mesh());
          mesh_start_index = i;
        }
      }
      result.emplace_back(tensor);
    }
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < mesh_start_index; i++) {
      Tensor* tensor =
          &(reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(PyList_GetItem(obj, i))->tensor);
      ConvertToDistTensor(tensor, local_mesh);
      result[i] = tensor;
    }
  } else if (PyTuple_Check(obj)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyTuple_Size(obj);
    if (len == 0) {
      PADDLE_THROW(
          common::errors::InvalidArgument("The tuple of Tensor is empty."));
    }
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      Tensor* tensor =
          &(reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(PyTuple_GetItem(obj, i))->tensor);
      if (local_mesh) {
        ConvertToDistTensor(tensor, local_mesh);
      } else {
        if (tensor->defined() && tensor->is_dist_tensor()) {
          local_mesh =
              &(std::dynamic_pointer_cast<phi::distributed::DistTensor>(
                    tensor->impl())
                    ->process_mesh());
          mesh_start_index = i;
        }
      }
      result.emplace_back(tensor);
    }
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < mesh_start_index; i++) {
      Tensor* tensor =
          &(reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(PyTuple_GetItem(obj, i))->tensor);
      ConvertToDistTensor(tensor, local_mesh);
      result[i] = tensor;
    }
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
        "The PyObject must be list of Tensors, but got "
        "%s",
        (reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type))->tp_name));
  }

  return result;
}

std::vector<Tensor> GetTensorListFromPyObject(PyObject* obj, bool allow_none) {
  std::vector<Tensor> result;
  const phi::distributed::ProcessMesh* local_mesh = nullptr;
  int mesh_start_index = -1;

  if (PyList_Check(obj)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyList_Size(obj);
    PyObject* item = nullptr;
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      item = PyList_GetItem(obj, i);
      if (PyObject_TypeCheck(item, p_tensor_type)) {
        Tensor& tensor = reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(item)->tensor;
        if (local_mesh) {
          ConvertToDistTensor(&tensor, local_mesh);
        } else {
          if (tensor.defined() && tensor.is_dist_tensor()) {
            local_mesh =
                &(std::dynamic_pointer_cast<phi::distributed::DistTensor>(
                      tensor.impl())
                      ->process_mesh());
            mesh_start_index = i;
          }
        }
        result.emplace_back(tensor);
      } else if (allow_none && (item == Py_None)) {
        VLOG(4) << "Got None in Tensor list: " << i;
        result.emplace_back();
      } else {
        PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
            "argument must be "
            "list of Tensor, but got %s at pos %d",
            reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(item->ob_type)->tp_name,
            i));
      }
    }
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < mesh_start_index; i++) {
      item = PyList_GetItem(obj, i);
      if (PyObject_TypeCheck(item, p_tensor_type)) {
        Tensor& tensor = reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(item)->tensor;
        ConvertToDistTensor(&tensor, local_mesh);
        result.emplace_back(tensor);
      }
    }
  } else if (PyTuple_Check(obj)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyTuple_Size(obj);
    PyObject* item = nullptr;
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      item = PyTuple_GetItem(obj, i);
      if (PyObject_TypeCheck(item, p_tensor_type)) {
        Tensor& tensor = reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(item)->tensor;
        if (local_mesh) {
          ConvertToDistTensor(&tensor, local_mesh);
        } else {
          if (tensor.defined() && tensor.is_dist_tensor()) {
            local_mesh =
                &(std::dynamic_pointer_cast<phi::distributed::DistTensor>(
                      tensor.impl())
                      ->process_mesh());
            mesh_start_index = i;
          }
        }
        result.emplace_back(tensor);
      } else if (allow_none && (item == Py_None)) {
        VLOG(4) << "Got None in Tensor list: " << i;
        result.emplace_back();
      } else {
        PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
            "argument must be "
            "list of Tensor, but got %s at pos %d",
            reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(item->ob_type)->tp_name,
            i));
      }
    }
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < mesh_start_index; i++) {
      item = PyTuple_GetItem(obj, i);
      if (PyObject_TypeCheck(item, p_tensor_type)) {
        Tensor& tensor = reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(item)->tensor;
        ConvertToDistTensor(&tensor, local_mesh);
        result.emplace_back(tensor);
      }
    }
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
        "argument must be "
        "list or tuple, but got %s",
        reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type)->tp_name));
  }
  return result;
}

Tensor& UnSafeGetTensorFromPyObject(PyObject* obj) {
  return reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(obj)->tensor;
}

Tensor CreateTensorFromVarDesc(const paddle::framework::VarDesc& var_desc) {
  auto tensor = Tensor();

  auto dtype = var_desc.GetDataType();
  std::vector<int64_t> dims = var_desc.GetShape();

  auto var_type = var_desc.GetType();

  auto ddims = common::make_ddim(dims);
  tensor.set_name(var_desc.Name());
  auto autograd_meta = egr::EagerUtils::autograd_meta(&tensor);
  autograd_meta->SetPersistable(false);
  autograd_meta->SetStopGradient(var_desc.StopGradient());

  if (var_type == paddle::framework::proto::VarType::DENSE_TENSOR) {
    // TODO(jiabin): Maybe support LegacyLoD later
    std::shared_ptr<DenseTensor> dense_tensor = nullptr;
    if (dims.size() == 1 && dims[0] == 0) {
      std::shared_ptr<phi::Allocation> allocation_ptr = nullptr;
      dense_tensor = std::make_shared<DenseTensor>(
          allocation_ptr,
          phi::DenseTensorMeta(phi::TransToPhiDataType(dtype), ddims));
    } else {
      // TODO(dev): we need enhance check for ddims.
      dense_tensor = std::make_shared<DenseTensor>(
          std::make_shared<phi::Allocation>(),
          phi::DenseTensorMeta(phi::TransToPhiDataType(dtype), ddims));
    }
    tensor.set_impl(dense_tensor);
  } else if (var_type == paddle::framework::proto::VarType::SELECTED_ROWS) {
    std::shared_ptr<phi::SelectedRows> selected_rows_tensor =
        std::make_shared<phi::SelectedRows>();
    tensor.set_impl(selected_rows_tensor);
  }

  if (!autograd_meta->GetMutableGradNode()) {
    autograd_meta->SetGradNode(
        std::make_shared<egr::GradNodeAccumulation>(tensor));
  }

  return tensor;
}

PyObject* GetEmptyTensorsWithVarDesc(PyObject* self, PyObject* args) {
  std::vector<Tensor> result;
  std::unordered_map<std::string, Tensor> out_tensor_map;

  auto var_desc_list = PyTuple_GetItem(args, 0);

  if (PyList_Check(var_desc_list)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyList_Size(var_desc_list);
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      auto var_desc = PyObjectCast<paddle::framework::VarDesc>(
          PyList_GetItem(var_desc_list, i));
      auto var_name = var_desc.Name();
      if (out_tensor_map.find(var_name) == out_tensor_map.end()) {
        Tensor tensor = CreateTensorFromVarDesc(var_desc);
        out_tensor_map[var_name] = tensor;
        result.emplace_back(tensor);
      } else {
        result.emplace_back(out_tensor_map[var_name]);
      }
    }
  } else if (PyTuple_Check(var_desc_list)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyTuple_Size(var_desc_list);
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      auto var_desc = PyObjectCast<paddle::framework::VarDesc>(
          PyTuple_GetItem(var_desc_list, i));
      auto var_name = var_desc.Name();
      if (out_tensor_map.find(var_name) == out_tensor_map.end()) {
        Tensor tensor = CreateTensorFromVarDesc(var_desc);
        out_tensor_map[var_name] = tensor;
        result.emplace_back(tensor);
      } else {
        result.emplace_back(out_tensor_map[var_name]);
      }
    }
  } else if (var_desc_list != Py_None) {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
        "Argument of CreateTensorsWithVarDesc must be list of VarDesc, but got "
        "%s",
        (reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(var_desc_list->ob_type))->tp_name));
  }
  return ToPyObject(result);
}

paddle::experimental::Scalar CastNumpy2Scalar(PyObject* obj,
                                              const std::string& op_type,
                                              ssize_t arg_pos) {
  PyTypeObject* type = obj->ob_type;
  auto type_name = std::string(type->tp_name);
  VLOG(4) << "type_name: " << type_name;
  if (type_name == "numpy.ndarray" && PySequence_Check(obj)) {
    PyObject* item = nullptr;
    item = PySequence_GetItem(obj, 0);
    if (PyObject_CheckFloat(item)) {
      float value = static_cast<float>(PyObject_ToDouble(item));
      Py_DECREF(item);
      return paddle::experimental::Scalar(value);
    } else {
      PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "%s(): argument (position %d) is numpy.ndarray, the inner elements "
          "must be "
          "numpy.float32/float64 now, but got %s",
          op_type,
          arg_pos + 1,
          type_name));  // NOLINT
    }
  } else if (type_name == "numpy.float64") {
    double value = CastPyArg2Double(obj, op_type, arg_pos);
    return paddle::experimental::Scalar(value);
  } else if (type_name == "numpy.float32") {
    float value = CastPyArg2Float(obj, op_type, arg_pos);
    return paddle::experimental::Scalar(value);
  } else if (type_name == "numpy.float16") {
    float16 value = CastPyArg2Float16(obj, op_type, arg_pos);
    return paddle::experimental::Scalar(value);
  } else if (type_name == "numpy.int64") {
    int64_t value = CastPyArg2Long(obj, op_type, arg_pos);
    return paddle::experimental::Scalar(value);
  } else if (type_name == "numpy.int32" || type_name == "numpy.intc") {
    int value = CastPyArg2Int(obj, op_type, arg_pos);
    return paddle::experimental::Scalar(value);
  } else if (type_name == "numpy.complex64") {
    phi::dtype::complex<float> value = CastPyArg2Complex(obj, op_type, arg_pos);
    return paddle::experimental::Scalar(value);
  } else if (type_name == "numpy.complex128") {
    phi::dtype::complex<double> value =
        CastPyArg2Complex128(obj, op_type, arg_pos);
    return paddle::experimental::Scalar(value);
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
        "%s(): argument (position %d) must be "
        "numpy.float16/float32/float64, numpy.int32/int64, "
        "numpy.complex64/complex128, but got %s",
        op_type,
        arg_pos + 1,
        type_name));  // NOLINT
  }
}

PyObject* CastPyArg2ValuePreHook(PyObject* obj) {
  PyObject* hook = static_op_arg_pre_cast_hook_get();
  if (hook == Py_None) {
    return obj;
  }
  Py_INCREF(obj);
  PyObject* result = PyObject_CallFunction(hook, "O", obj);
  PADDLE_ENFORCE(
      result,
      common::errors::Fatal("Call static_op_arg_pre_cast_hook failed."));
  Py_DECREF(obj);
  return result;
}

pir::Value CastPyArg2Value(PyObject* obj,
                           const std::string& op_type,
                           size_t arg_pos,
                           bool dispensable) {
  if (obj == nullptr || obj == Py_None) {
    if (!dispensable) {
      PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "%s(): argument (position %d) must be "
          "Value, but got None",
          op_type,
          arg_pos + 1));
    }
    return pir::Value();
  }
  obj = CastPyArg2ValuePreHook(obj);
  if (PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, g_ir_value_pytype)) {
    return ::pybind11::handle(obj).cast<pir::Value>();
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "%s(): argument (position %d) must be "
        "Value, but got %s",
        op_type,
        arg_pos + 1,
        ((PyTypeObject*)obj->ob_type)->tp_name));  // NOLINT
  }
}

paddle::optional<pir::Value> CastPyArg2OptionalValue(PyObject* obj,
                                                     const std::string& op_type,
                                                     size_t arg_pos,
                                                     bool dispensable) {
  if (obj == nullptr || obj == Py_None) {
    if (!dispensable) {
      PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "%s(): argument (position %d) must be "
          "Value, but got None",
          op_type,
          arg_pos + 1));
    }
    return paddle::none;
  }
  return paddle::make_optional<pir::Value>(
      CastPyArg2Value(obj, op_type, arg_pos, dispensable));
}

std::vector<pir::Value> CastPyArg2VectorOfValue(PyObject* obj,
                                                const std::string& op_type,
                                                size_t arg_pos,
                                                bool dispensable) {
  std::vector<pir::Value> value_list;
  if (PyList_Check(obj)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyList_Size(obj);
    if (len == 0 && !dispensable) {
      PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "%s(): argument (position %d) must be "
          "list of Value, but got empty list",
          op_type,
          arg_pos + 1));
    }
    PyObject* item = nullptr;
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      item = PyList_GetItem(obj, i);
      item = CastPyArg2ValuePreHook(item);
      if (PyObject_TypeCheck(item, g_ir_value_pytype)) {
        value_list.emplace_back(::pybind11::handle(item).cast<pir::Value>());
      } else if (item == Py_None) {
        continue;
      } else {
        PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
            "%s(): argument (position %d) must be "
            "vector<Value>, but got vector<%s>",
            op_type,
            arg_pos + 1,
            reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(item->ob_type)
                ->tp_name));  // NOLINT
      }
    }
  } else if (PyTuple_Check(obj)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyTuple_Size(obj);
    if (len == 0 && !dispensable) {
      PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "%s(): argument (position %d) must be "
          "list of Value, but got empty list",
          op_type,
          arg_pos + 1));
    }
    PyObject* item = nullptr;
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      item = PyTuple_GetItem(obj, i);
      item = CastPyArg2ValuePreHook(item);
      if (PyObject_TypeCheck(item, g_ir_value_pytype)) {
        value_list.emplace_back(::pybind11::handle(item).cast<pir::Value>());
      } else if (item == Py_None) {
        continue;
      } else {
        PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
            "%s(): argument (position %d) must be "
            "vector<Value>, but got vector<%s>",
            op_type,
            arg_pos + 1,
            reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(item->ob_type)
                ->tp_name));  // NOLINT
      }
    }
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "%s(): argument (position %d) must be "
        "Vector<>, but got %s",
        op_type,
        arg_pos + 1,
        ((PyTypeObject*)obj->ob_type)->tp_name));  // NOLINT
  }
  return value_list;
}

std::vector<pir::Value> CastPyArg2VectorOfValueOrLong(
    PyObject* obj,
    const std::string& op_type,
    size_t arg_pos,
    bool dispensable) {
  std::vector<pir::Value> value_list;

  if (!PyList_Check(obj) && !PyTuple_Check(obj)) {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "%s(): argument (position %d) must be "
        "Vector<>, but got %s",
        op_type,
        arg_pos + 1,
        reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type)->tp_name));
  }

  Py_ssize_t len = PySequence_Size(obj);
  if (len == 0 && !dispensable) {
    PADDLE_THROW(
        common::errors::InvalidArgument("%s(): argument (position %d) must be "
                                        "list of Value, but got empty list",
                                        op_type,
                                        arg_pos + 1));
  }

  DataType dtype = DataType::INT64;
  std::vector<int64_t> shape;
  for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
    PyObject* item = PySequence_GetItem(obj, i);
    if (!item) {
      continue;
    }

    item = CastPyArg2ValuePreHook(item);

    if (PyObject_TypeCheck(item, g_ir_value_pytype)) {
      pir::Value val = ::pybind11::handle(item).cast<pir::Value>();
      dtype = paddle::dialect::GetValueDataType(val);
      shape = pir::GetShapeFromValue(val);
      Py_DECREF(item);
      break;
    }

    Py_DECREF(item);
  }

  for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
    PyObject* item = PySequence_GetItem(obj, i);
    if (!item) {
      PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::Fatal(
          "%s(): failed to get item from sequence at position %d",
          op_type,
          static_cast<int>(i)));
    }

    item = CastPyArg2ValuePreHook(item);

    if (PyObject_CheckIRValue(item)) {
      value_list.emplace_back(::pybind11::handle(item).cast<pir::Value>());
    } else if (PyObject_CheckLong(item)) {
      int64_t k_tmp = CastPyArg2Long(item, op_type, arg_pos);
      value_list.emplace_back(
          paddle::dialect::full(shape, k_tmp, dtype, CPUPlace()));
    } else if (item == Py_None) {
      continue;  // skip
    } else {
      PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
          "%s(): argument (position %d) must be vector<Value>, "
          "but got vector<%s>",
          op_type,
          arg_pos + 1,
          reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(item->ob_type)->tp_name));
    }

    Py_DECREF(item);
  }

  return value_list;
}

paddle::optional<std::vector<pir::Value>> CastPyArg2OptionalVectorOfValue(
    PyObject* obj,
    const std::string& op_type,
    size_t arg_pos,
    bool dispensable) {
  if (obj == nullptr || obj == Py_None) {
    if (!dispensable) {
      PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "%s(): argument (position %d) must be "
          "list of Value, but got None",
          op_type,
          arg_pos + 1));
    }
    return paddle::none;
  }
  return paddle::make_optional<std::vector<pir::Value>>(
      CastPyArg2VectorOfValue(obj, op_type, arg_pos, dispensable));
}

paddle::experimental::Scalar CastPyArg2Scalar(PyObject* obj,
                                              const std::string& op_type,
                                              ssize_t arg_pos) {
  if (obj == Py_None) {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "%s(): argument (position %d) must be "
        "int, float, bool or Tensor, but got %s",
        op_type,
        arg_pos + 1,
        ((PyTypeObject*)obj->ob_type)->tp_name));  // NOLINT
  }

  // obj could be: int, float, bool, paddle.Tensor
  PyTypeObject* type = obj->ob_type;
  auto type_name = std::string(type->tp_name);
  VLOG(4) << "type_name: " << type_name;
  if (PyBool_Check(obj)) {
    bool value = CastPyArg2Boolean(obj, op_type, arg_pos);
    return paddle::experimental::Scalar(value);
  } else if (PyLong_Check(obj)) {
    int64_t value = CastPyArg2Long(obj, op_type, arg_pos);
    return paddle::experimental::Scalar(value);
  } else if (PyFloat_Check(obj)) {
    double value = CastPyArg2Double(obj, op_type, arg_pos);
    return paddle::experimental::Scalar(value);
  } else if (PyCheckTensor(obj)) {
    Tensor& value = GetTensorFromPyObject(
        op_type, "" /*arg_name*/, obj, arg_pos, false /*dispensable*/);
    return paddle::experimental::Scalar(value);
  } else if (type_name.find("numpy") != std::string::npos) {
    return CastNumpy2Scalar(obj, op_type, arg_pos);
  } else if (PyComplex_Check(obj)) {
    auto value = CastPyArg2Complex128(obj, op_type, arg_pos);
    return paddle::experimental::Scalar(value);
  } else if (PyObject_CheckLong(obj)) {
    int value = CastPyArg2Int(obj, op_type, arg_pos);
    return paddle::experimental::Scalar(value);
  } else if (PyObject_CheckString(obj)) {
    std::string value = CastPyArg2String(obj, op_type, arg_pos);
    return paddle::experimental::Scalar(value);
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "%s(): argument (position %d) must be "
        "int, float, bool or Tensor, but got %s",
        op_type,
        arg_pos + 1,
        ((PyTypeObject*)obj->ob_type)->tp_name));  // NOLINT
  }

  // Fake a Scalar
  return paddle::experimental::Scalar(1.0);
}
paddle::experimental::Scalar CastPyArg2Scalar(
    PyObject* obj,
    const std::string& op_type,
    ssize_t arg_pos,
    paddle::experimental::Scalar default_value) {
  if (obj != nullptr) {
    return CastPyArg2Scalar(obj, op_type, arg_pos);
  } else {
    return default_value;
  }
}

std::vector<phi::Scalar> CastPyArg2ScalarArray(PyObject* obj,
                                               const std::string& op_type,
                                               ssize_t arg_pos) {
  if (obj == Py_None) {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "%s(): argument (position %d) must be "
        "a list of int, float, or bool, but got %s",
        op_type,
        arg_pos + 1,
        ((PyTypeObject*)obj->ob_type)->tp_name));  // NOLINT
  }

  PyTypeObject* type = obj->ob_type;
  auto type_name = std::string(type->tp_name);
  VLOG(4) << "type_name: " << type_name;
  if (PyList_Check(obj)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyList_Size(obj);
    if (len == 0) {
      return std::vector<phi::Scalar>({});
    }
    PyObject* item = nullptr;
    item = PyList_GetItem(obj, 0);
    if (PyObject_CheckFloat(item)) {
      std::vector<phi::Scalar> value;
      for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        item = PyList_GetItem(obj, i);
        value.emplace_back(phi::Scalar{PyObject_ToDouble(item)});
      }
      return value;
    } else if (PyObject_CheckLong(item)) {
      std::vector<phi::Scalar> value;
      for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        item = PyList_GetItem(obj, i);
        value.emplace_back(phi::Scalar{PyObject_ToInt64(item)});
      }
      return value;
    } else if (PyObject_CheckComplexOrToComplex(&item)) {
      std::vector<phi::Scalar> value;
      for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        item = PyList_GetItem(obj, i);
        Py_complex v = PyComplex_AsCComplex(item);
        value.emplace_back(phi::Scalar{std::complex<double>(v.real, v.imag)});
      }
      return value;
    } else {
      PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
          "%s(): argument (position %d) must be "
          "a list of int, float, complex, or bool, but got %s",
          op_type,
          arg_pos + 1,
          ((PyTypeObject*)item->ob_type)->tp_name));  // NOLINT
    }
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "%s(): argument (position %d) must be "
        "a list of int, float, complex, or bool, but got %s",
        op_type,
        arg_pos + 1,
        ((PyTypeObject*)obj->ob_type)->tp_name));  // NOLINT
  }
}
std::vector<phi::Scalar> CastPyArg2ScalarArray(
    PyObject* obj,
    const std::string& op_type,
    ssize_t arg_pos,
    std::vector<phi::Scalar> default_value) {
  if (obj != nullptr) {
    return CastPyArg2ScalarArray(obj, op_type, arg_pos);
  } else {
    return default_value;
  }
}
paddle::experimental::IntArray CastPyArg2IntArray(PyObject* obj,
                                                  const std::string& op_type,
                                                  ssize_t arg_pos) {
  if (obj == Py_None) {
    return paddle::experimental::IntArray({});
  }

  if (PyObject_CheckLong(obj)) {
    return paddle::experimental::IntArray({PyObject_ToInt64(obj)});
  }

  if (PyList_Check(obj) || PyTuple_Check(obj) ||
      Py_TYPE(obj) == &paddle::pybind::Paddle_SizeType) {
    std::vector<int64_t> value = CastPyArg2Longs(obj, op_type, arg_pos);
    return paddle::experimental::IntArray(value);
  }

  PyTypeObject* type = obj->ob_type;
  std::string type_name(type->tp_name);

  if (type_name == "numpy.ndarray") {
    std::vector<int64_t> value = CastPyArg2Longs(obj, op_type, arg_pos);
    return paddle::experimental::IntArray(value);
  } else if (type_name == "paddle.Tensor" || type_name == "Tensor") {
    Tensor& value = GetTensorFromPyObject(
        op_type, "" /*arg_name*/, obj, arg_pos, false /*dispensable*/);
    return paddle::experimental::IntArray(value);
  }

  PADDLE_THROW(
      common::errors::InvalidType("%s(): argument (position %d) must be "
                                  "list, tuple, int, or Tensor, but got %s",
                                  op_type,
                                  arg_pos + 1,
                                  type_name.c_str()));  // NOLINT

  return paddle::experimental::IntArray({1});
}
paddle::experimental::IntArray CastPyArg2IntArray(
    PyObject* obj,
    const std::string& op_type,
    ssize_t arg_pos,
    paddle::experimental::IntArray default_value) {
  if (obj != nullptr) {
    return CastPyArg2IntArray(obj, op_type, arg_pos);
  } else {
    return default_value;
  }
}
paddle::framework::Scope* CastPyArg2ScopePtr(PyObject* obj) {
  if (PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, g_framework_scope_pytype)) {
    return ::pybind11::handle(obj).cast<paddle::framework::Scope*>();
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
        "PyObject can not be cast into framework::Scope"));
  }
}

std::vector<paddle::framework::Scope*> GetScopePtrListFromArgs(
    const std::string& op_type,
    const std::string& arg_name,
    PyObject* args,
    ssize_t arg_idx,
    bool dispensable) {
  PyObject* list = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, arg_idx);
  if (list == nullptr) {
    if (!dispensable) {
      PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be list of scope, but got "
          "None",
          op_type,
          arg_name,
          arg_idx));
    }
  }

  std::vector<paddle::framework::Scope*> result;
  if (PyList_Check(list)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyList_Size(list);
    if (len == 0) {
      PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be list of scope, but got "
          "empty list",
          op_type,
          arg_name,
          arg_idx));
    }
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      result.emplace_back(CastPyArg2ScopePtr(PyList_GetItem(list, i)));
    }
  } else if (PyTuple_Check(list)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyTuple_Size(list);
    if (len == 0) {
      PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be list of scope, but got "
          "empty list",
          op_type,
          arg_name,
          arg_idx));
    }
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      result.emplace_back(CastPyArg2ScopePtr(PyList_GetItem(list, i)));
    }
  } else if (list == Py_None) {
    return {};
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
        "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be list of Tensors, but got "
        "%s",
        op_type,
        arg_name,
        arg_idx,
        (reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(list->ob_type))->tp_name));
  }
  return result;
}
paddle::framework::AttributeMap* GetProgramAttributesMapPtrFromPyArgs(
    const std::string& op_type, PyObject* args, ssize_t arg_idx) {
  PyObject* py_attrs_capsule = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, arg_idx);
  paddle::framework::AttributeMap* attrs_ptr =
      reinterpret_cast<paddle::framework::AttributeMap*>(PyCapsule_GetPointer(
          py_attrs_capsule, "paddle.framework.AttributeMap"));
  if (!attrs_ptr) {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
        "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be AttributeMap, but got "
        "%s",
        op_type,
        "attrs",
        arg_idx,
        (reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(py_attrs_capsule->ob_type))->tp_name));
  }
  return attrs_ptr;
}

TensorListBufferAllocator::MapType
    TensorListBufferAllocator::s_tensor_vector_map_;
TensorListBufferAllocator::TensorListBufferAllocator(ssize_t len) : key_(len) {
  MapIterType iter;
  if (key_ == -1) {
    iter = s_tensor_vector_map_.find(-1);
    if (iter == s_tensor_vector_map_.end()) {
      iter = s_tensor_vector_map_.emplace(-1,
                                          std::make_unique<TensorListBuffer>());
    }
  } else {
    auto range = s_tensor_vector_map_.equal_range(key_);
    for (iter = range.first; iter != range.second; ++iter) {
      if (iter->second->is_available) {
        break;
      }
    }
    if (iter == range.second) {
      iter = s_tensor_vector_map_.emplace(
          key_, std::make_unique<TensorListBuffer>(key_));
    }
    iter->second->is_available = false;
  }
  buffer_ptr_ = iter->second.get();
}

TensorListBufferAllocator::~TensorListBufferAllocator() {
  if (buffer_ptr_) {
    buffer_ptr_->is_available = true;

    for (auto& tensor : buffer_ptr_->buffer) {
      tensor.reset();
    }
  }
}
std::pair<PyObject*, ssize_t> GetPyArgumentInfo(const std::string& op_type,
                                                const std::string& arg_name,
                                                PyObject* args,
                                                ssize_t arg_idx,
                                                bool dispensable) {
  PyObject* list = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, arg_idx);
  ssize_t list_len = 0;
  if (list == nullptr && !dispensable) {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
        "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be list of Tensor, but got "
        "None",
        op_type,
        arg_name,
        arg_idx));
  }
  if (list == nullptr || list == Py_None) {
    list_len = -1;
  } else if (PyList_Check(list)) {
    list_len = PyList_Size(list);
  } else if (PyTuple_Check(list)) {
    list_len = PyTuple_Size(list);
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
        "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be list of Tensors, but got "
        "%s",
        op_type,
        arg_name,
        arg_idx,
        (reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(list->ob_type))->tp_name));
  }
  return std::make_pair(list, list_len);
}

std::vector<Tensor>& GetTensorListFromArgsWithBuffer(
    const std::string& op_type,
    const std::string& arg_name,
    ssize_t arg_idx,
    const phi::distributed::ProcessMesh* mesh,
    PyObject* list,
    ssize_t list_len,
    const TensorListBufferAllocator& allocator) {
  auto& result = allocator.GetAllocatedBuffer();

  const phi::distributed::ProcessMesh* local_mesh = nullptr;
  ssize_t mesh_start_index = -1;

  if (PyList_Check(list)) {
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < list_len; i++) {
      PyObject* tensor_obj = PyList_GetItem(list, i);
      PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(
          PyObject_TypeCheck(tensor_obj, p_tensor_type),
          true,
          common::errors::InvalidArgument(
              "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be list of Tensors",
              op_type,
              arg_name,
              arg_idx));
      Tensor& tensor = reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(tensor_obj)->tensor;
      if (local_mesh) {
        ConvertToDistTensor(&tensor, local_mesh);
      } else {
        if (tensor.is_dist_tensor()) {
          local_mesh = &(std::static_pointer_cast<phi::distributed::DistTensor>(
                             tensor.impl())
                             ->process_mesh());
          mesh_start_index = i;
        }
      }
      result[i] = tensor;
    }
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < mesh_start_index; i++) {
      Tensor& tensor =
          reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(PyList_GetItem(list, i))->tensor;
      ConvertToDistTensor(&tensor, local_mesh);
      result[i] = tensor;
    }

  } else if (PyTuple_Check(list)) {
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < list_len; i++) {
      PyObject* tensor_obj = PyTuple_GetItem(list, i);
      PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(
          PyObject_TypeCheck(tensor_obj, p_tensor_type),
          true,
          common::errors::InvalidArgument(
              "%s(): argument '%s' (position %d) must be list of Tensors",
              op_type,
              arg_name,
              arg_idx));
      Tensor& tensor = reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(tensor_obj)->tensor;
      if (local_mesh) {
        ConvertToDistTensor(&tensor, local_mesh);
      } else {
        if (tensor.is_dist_tensor()) {
          local_mesh = &(std::static_pointer_cast<phi::distributed::DistTensor>(
                             tensor.impl())
                             ->process_mesh());
          mesh_start_index = i;
        }
      }
      result[i] = tensor;
    }
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < mesh_start_index; i++) {
      Tensor& tensor =
          reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(PyTuple_GetItem(list, i))->tensor;
      ConvertToDistTensor(&tensor, local_mesh);
      result[i] = tensor;
    }
  }
  return result;
}

Place CastPyArg2Place(PyObject* obj,
                      const std::string& op_type,
                      ssize_t arg_pos) {
  return CastPyArg2Place(obj, arg_pos);
}
Place CastPyArg2Place(PyObject* obj,
                      const std::string& op_type,
                      ssize_t arg_pos,
                      Place default_place) {
  if (obj != nullptr) {
    return CastPyArg2Place(obj, op_type, arg_pos);
  } else {
    return default_place;
  }
}
DataType CastPyArg2DataType(PyObject* obj,
                            const std::string& op_type,
                            ssize_t arg_pos) {
  if (obj == Py_None) {
    return DataType::UNDEFINED;
  }
  if (PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, g_vartype_pytype)) {
    framework::proto::VarType::Type type = CastPyArg2ProtoType(obj, arg_pos);
    return phi::TransToPhiDataType(type);
  } else if (PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, g_data_type_pytype)) {
    return CastPyArg2DataTypeDirectly(obj, op_type, arg_pos);
  } else if (PyObject_CheckStr(obj)) {
    std::string type_str = CastPyArg2AttrString(obj, arg_pos);
    return StrDtype2TensorDtype(type_str);
  } else {
    if (!pybind11::detail::npy_api::get().PyArrayDescr_Check_(obj)) {
      pybind11::object dtype_obj = pybind11::module::import("numpy").attr(
          "dtype")(pybind11::reinterpret_borrow<pybind11::object>(obj));
      obj = dtype_obj.ptr();
    }
    int type_num =
        reinterpret_cast<pybind11::detail::PyArrayDescr1_Proxy*>(obj)->type_num;
    return NumpyDtype2TensorDtype(type_num);
  }
}
DataType CastPyArg2DataType(PyObject* obj,
                            const std::string& op_type,
                            ssize_t arg_pos,
                            DataType default_value) {
  if (obj != nullptr) {
    return CastPyArg2DataType(obj, op_type, arg_pos);
  } else {
    return default_value;
  }
}

Tensor PyTensorHook::operator()(const Tensor& var) {
  py::gil_scoped_acquire gil;
  VLOG(3) << "Call PyTensorHook for var " << var.name();

  PyObject* res = nullptr;
  try {
    bool return_py_none_if_not_initialize = true;
    if (var.defined() && !var.has_allocation()) {
      return_py_none_if_not_initialize = !var.is_dist_tensor();
    }
    PyObject* p_tmp_var = ToPyObject(var, return_py_none_if_not_initialize);
    res = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(py_func_, p_tmp_var, nullptr);
    Py_DECREF(p_tmp_var);
  } catch (platform::EnforceNotMet& e) {
    throw e;
  } catch (std::exception& e) {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::Unavailable(
        "Hook function of Tensor raises an exception: %s.", e.what()));
  } catch (...) {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::Fatal(
        "Hook function of Tensor raises an unknown exception."));
  }

  PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(
      res, common::errors::External(pybind11::detail::error_string().c_str()));
  if (res == Py_None) {
    return var;
  }
  auto res_tensor = reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(res)->tensor;
  Py_DECREF(res);
  return res_tensor;
}

void PyVoidHook::operator()() {
  py::gil_scoped_acquire gil;
  VLOG(3) << "Call PyVoidHook";

  try {
    PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(py_func_, nullptr);
  } catch (platform::EnforceNotMet& e) {
    throw e;
  } catch (std::exception& e) {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::Unavailable(
        "Hook function of Tensor raises an exception: %s.", e.what()));
  } catch (...) {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::Fatal(
        "Hook function of Tensor raises an unknown exception."));
  }
}

PyObjectHolder::PyObjectHolder(PyObject* ptr) { ptr_ = ptr; }

PyObjectHolder::~PyObjectHolder() {  // NOLINT
  ::pybind11::gil_scoped_acquire gil;
  // NOTE(deepllz): ptr_ is owned by this object, so release it in destructor.
  Py_XDECREF(ptr_);
}

void* PyObjectHolder::get() { return reinterpret_cast<void*>(ptr_); }

void PyObjectHolder::reset(void* ptr) {
  if (ptr_) {
    ::pybind11::gil_scoped_acquire gil;
    Py_XDECREF(ptr_);
  }
  ptr_ = reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(ptr);
}

void PyObjectHolder::inc_ref() {
  ::pybind11::gil_scoped_acquire gil;
  Py_XINCREF(ptr_);
}
void PyObjectHolder::dec_ref() {
  ::pybind11::gil_scoped_acquire gil;
  Py_XDECREF(ptr_);
}

PackHook::PackHook(PyObject* hook) : hook_(hook) { Py_INCREF(hook_); }

PackHook::~PackHook() {  // NOLINT
  ::pybind11::gil_scoped_acquire gil;
  Py_DECREF(hook_);
}

std::shared_ptr<egr::PyObjectHolderBase> PackHook::operator()(
    const Tensor& tensor) {
  bool grad_tmp = egr::Controller::Instance().HasGrad();
  egr::Controller::Instance().SetHasGrad(false);
  ::pybind11::gil_scoped_acquire gil;
  PyObject* args = PyTuple_New(1);
  PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(
      args, common::errors::External(pybind11::detail::error_string().c_str()));
  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(args, 0, paddle::pybind::ToPyObject(tensor));
  PyObject* ret = PyObject_Call(hook_, args, nullptr);
  PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(
      ret, common::errors::External(pybind11::detail::error_string().c_str()));
  Py_XDECREF(args);
  egr::Controller::Instance().SetHasGrad(grad_tmp);
  return std::make_shared<PyObjectHolder>(ret);
}

void* PackHook::operator()(void* py_tensor) {
  bool grad_tmp = egr::Controller::Instance().HasGrad();
  egr::Controller::Instance().SetHasGrad(false);
  ::pybind11::gil_scoped_acquire gil;
  PyObject* args = PyTuple_New(1);
  PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(
      args, common::errors::External(pybind11::detail::error_string().c_str()));
  Py_INCREF(reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(py_tensor));
  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(args, 0, reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(py_tensor));
  PyObject* ret = PyObject_Call(hook_, args, nullptr);
  if (ret == Py_None) {
    Py_XDECREF(args);
    return Py_None;
  }
  PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(
      ret, common::errors::External(pybind11::detail::error_string().c_str()));
  Py_XDECREF(args);
  egr::Controller::Instance().SetHasGrad(grad_tmp);
  return reinterpret_cast<void*>(ret);
}

UnPackHook::UnPackHook(PyObject* hook) : hook_(hook) { Py_INCREF(hook_); }

UnPackHook::~UnPackHook() {  // NOLINT
  ::pybind11::gil_scoped_acquire gil;
  Py_DECREF(hook_);
}

Tensor UnPackHook::operator()(
    std::shared_ptr<egr::PyObjectHolderBase> packed_value) {
  bool grad_tmp = egr::Controller::Instance().HasGrad();
  egr::Controller::Instance().SetHasGrad(false);
  ::pybind11::gil_scoped_acquire gil;
  PyObject* args = PyTuple_New(1);
  PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(
      args, common::errors::External(pybind11::detail::error_string().c_str()));
  PyObject* py_packed_value = reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(packed_value->get());
  Py_INCREF(py_packed_value);
  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(args, 0, py_packed_value);
  PyObject* ret = PyObject_Call(hook_, args, nullptr);
  PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(
      ret, common::errors::External(pybind11::detail::error_string().c_str()));
  // NOTE(deepllz): tupledealloc will cause the reference count of the objects
  // in it to be decremented by one, so no need to call
  // Py_XDECREF(py_packed_value)
  Py_XDECREF(args);
  egr::Controller::Instance().SetHasGrad(grad_tmp);

  PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(paddle::pybind::PyCheckTensor(ret),
                    true,
                    common::errors::InvalidArgument(
                        "paddle.autograd.saved_tensors_hooks only one pair "
                        "of hooks is allowed at a time."));

  auto tensor = reinterpret_cast<paddle::pybind::TensorObject*>(ret)->tensor;
  Py_XDECREF(ret);
  return tensor;
}

void* UnPackHook::operator()(void* packed_value, void* other) {
  bool grad_tmp = egr::Controller::Instance().HasGrad();
  egr::Controller::Instance().SetHasGrad(false);
  ::pybind11::gil_scoped_acquire gil;
  PyObject* args = PyTuple_New(1);
  PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(
      args, common::errors::External(pybind11::detail::error_string().c_str()));
  Py_INCREF(reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(packed_value));
  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(args, 0, reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(packed_value));
  PyObject* ret = PyObject_Call(hook_, args, nullptr);
  if (ret == Py_None) {
    Py_XDECREF(args);
    return Py_None;
  }
  PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(
      ret, common::errors::External(pybind11::detail::error_string().c_str()));
  Py_XDECREF(args);
  egr::Controller::Instance().SetHasGrad(grad_tmp);

  PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(paddle::pybind::PyCheckTensor(ret),
                    true,
                    common::errors::InvalidArgument(
                        "paddle.autograd.saved_tensors_hooks only one pair "
                        "of hooks is allowed at a time."));

  return reinterpret_cast<void*>(ret);
}

PyObject* ToPyObject(
    const paddle::small_vector<std::vector<Tensor>, egr::kSlotSmallVectorSize>&
        grads) {
  PyObject* args = nullptr;
  args = PyTuple_New(grads.size());

  for (size_t i = 0; i < grads.size(); i++) {
    if (grads[i].size() == 0) {
      Py_INCREF(Py_None);
      PyTuple_SET_ITEM(args, i, Py_None);
    } else if (grads[i].size() == 1) {
      PyTuple_SET_ITEM(args, i, ToPyObject(grads[i][0]));
    } else {
      PyTuple_SET_ITEM(args, i, ToPyObject(grads[i]));
    }
  }

  return args;
}

paddle::small_vector<std::vector<Tensor>, egr::kSlotSmallVectorSize>
CastPyArg2SmallVectorOfVectorOfTensor(PyObject* obj) {
  paddle::small_vector<std::vector<Tensor>, egr::kSlotSmallVectorSize> result;
  if (PyList_Check(obj)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyList_Size(obj);
    PyObject* item = nullptr;
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      item = PyList_GetItem(obj, i);
      if (PyObject_TypeCheck(item, p_tensor_type)) {
        std::vector<Tensor> tensors;
        tensors.push_back(reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(item)->tensor);
        result.emplace_back(tensors);
      } else if (item == Py_None) {
        // emplace empty Tensor for None
        std::vector<Tensor> tensors;
        result.emplace_back(tensors);
      } else {
        result.emplace_back(CastPyArg2VectorOfTensor(obj, 0));
      }
    }
  } else if (PyTuple_Check(obj)) {
    Py_ssize_t len = PyTuple_Size(obj);
    PyObject* item = nullptr;
    for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      item = PyTuple_GetItem(obj, i);
      if (PyObject_TypeCheck(item, p_tensor_type)) {
        std::vector<Tensor> tensors;
        tensors.push_back(reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(item)->tensor);
        result.emplace_back(tensors);
      } else if (item == Py_None) {
        // emplace empty Tensor for None
        std::vector<Tensor> tensors;
        result.emplace_back(tensors);
      } else {
        result.emplace_back(CastPyArg2VectorOfTensor(obj, 0));
      }
    }
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "argument must be "
        "list or tuple, but got %s",
        reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(obj->ob_type)->tp_name));
  }
  return result;
}

paddle::small_vector<std::vector<Tensor>, egr::kSlotSmallVectorSize>
NodePostHook::operator()(
    const paddle::small_vector<std::vector<Tensor>, egr::kSlotSmallVectorSize>&
        grad_outputs,
    const paddle::small_vector<std::vector<Tensor>, egr::kSlotSmallVectorSize>&
        grad_inputs) {
  bool grad_tmp = egr::Controller::Instance().HasGrad();
  egr::Controller::Instance().SetHasGrad(false);
  ::pybind11::gil_scoped_acquire gil;
  PyObject* args = PyTuple_New(2);
  PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(
      args, common::errors::External(pybind11::detail::error_string().c_str()));
  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(args, 0, ToPyObject(grad_outputs));
  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(args, 1, ToPyObject(grad_inputs));
  PyObject* ret = PyObject_Call(hook_.ptr(), args, nullptr);
  PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(
      ret, common::errors::External(pybind11::detail::error_string().c_str()));
  Py_XDECREF(args);
  egr::Controller::Instance().SetHasGrad(grad_tmp);
  return CastPyArg2SmallVectorOfVectorOfTensor(ret);
}

/* ------------------ for SetStaticOpArgPreCastHook ----------------------- */

static Py_tss_t static_op_arg_pre_cast_hook_key = {0, 0};

inline static PyObject* static_op_arg_pre_cast_hook_get() {
  void* result = PyThread_tss_get(&static_op_arg_pre_cast_hook_key);
  if (result == nullptr) {
    return Py_None;
  } else {
    return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(result);
  }
}

inline static void static_op_arg_pre_cast_hook_set(PyObject* obj) {
  PyThread_tss_set(&static_op_arg_pre_cast_hook_key, obj);
}

static PyObject* set_static_op_arg_pre_cast_hook(PyObject* new_callback,
                                                 PyThreadState* tstate) {
  PyObject* old_callback = static_op_arg_pre_cast_hook_get();
  Py_INCREF(new_callback);
  static_op_arg_pre_cast_hook_set(new_callback);

  return old_callback;
}

PyObject* SetStaticOpArgPreCastHook(PyObject* dummy, PyObject* callback) {
  if (callback != Py_None && !PyCallable_Check(callback)) {
    VLOG(7) << "callback is not a callable or none, invalid arguments.";
    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
    return Py_None;
  }
  return set_static_op_arg_pre_cast_hook(callback, PyThreadState_GET());
}

PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit__static_op_arg_pre_cast_hook() {
  auto result = PyThread_tss_create(&static_op_arg_pre_cast_hook_key);
  VLOG(7) << "Set PyThread_tss_create return: " << result;

  Py_INCREF(Py_None);
  static_op_arg_pre_cast_hook_set(Py_None);
  return nullptr;
}

PyObject* CalcScopeCacheKey(PyObject* dummy, PyObject* args) {
  // Parse args
  PyObject* program_id = PyTuple_GetItem(args, 0);
  PyObject* input_tensors = PyTuple_GetItem(args, 1);
  PyObject* use_cuda_graph = PyTuple_GetItem(args, 2);
  PyObject* cuda_graph_dispatch_key = PyTuple_GetItem(args, 3);

  // Check type
  PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(PyLong_Check(program_id),
                    true,
                    common::errors::InvalidArgument(
                        "The program_id should be a long integer."));
  PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(PyList_Check(input_tensors) || PyTuple_Check(input_tensors),
                    true,
                    common::errors::InvalidArgument(
                        "The input tensors should be a list/tuple of Tensor."));
  PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(PyBool_Check(use_cuda_graph),
                    true,
                    common::errors::InvalidArgument(
                        "The use_cuda_graph should be a boolean value."));
  PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(
      PyLong_Check(cuda_graph_dispatch_key),
      true,
      common::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "The cuda_graph_dispatch_key should be a long integer."));

  // Convert to C++ types
  int64_t program_id_value = PyLong_AsLongLong(program_id);
  bool use_cuda_graph_value = (use_cuda_graph == Py_True);
  int64_t cuda_graph_dispatch_key_value =
      PyLong_AsLongLong(cuda_graph_dispatch_key);

  bool input_is_list = PyList_Check(input_tensors);
  std::vector<const Tensor*> tensors_vec;
  Py_ssize_t input_size =
      input_is_list ? PyList_Size(input_tensors) : PyTuple_Size(input_tensors);
  tensors_vec.reserve(input_size);
  for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < input_size; ++i) {
    PyObject* item = input_is_list ? PyList_GetItem(input_tensors, i)
                                   : PyTuple_GetItem(input_tensors, i);
    if (PyObject_TypeCheck(item, p_tensor_type)) {
      tensors_vec.push_back(&(reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(item)->tensor));
    } else {
      PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "The input tensors should be a list or tuple of Tensor."));
    }
  }

  // Calculate the scope cache key
  const auto& hash_with_seed = [](int64_t value, int64_t seed) {
    return seed + 0x9e3779b9 + (value << 6) + (value >> 2);
  };
  int64_t place_hash_key = 0;
  for (const Tensor* tensor : tensors_vec) {
    int64_t device_type = static_cast<int64_t>(tensor->place().GetType());
    place_hash_key = hash_with_seed(place_hash_key, device_type);
  }
  int64_t scope_cache_key = program_id_value;
  scope_cache_key = hash_with_seed(scope_cache_key, place_hash_key);
  scope_cache_key = hash_with_seed(scope_cache_key,
                                   static_cast<int64_t>(use_cuda_graph_value));
  scope_cache_key =
      hash_with_seed(scope_cache_key, cuda_graph_dispatch_key_value);

  // Return the scope cache key as a Python object
  return ToPyObject(scope_cache_key);
}

PyObject* GetProgramIdFromAttrs(PyObject* dummy, PyObject* args) {
  auto prog_attrs =
      GetProgramAttributesMapPtrFromPyArgs("run_program", args, 0);
  int64_t program_id = PADDLE_GET(int64_t, prog_attrs->at("program_id"));
  return ToPyObject(program_id);
}

/* ------------------ for auto parallel ----------------------- */

static PyMethodDef EagerUtilMethods[] = {  // NOLINT
    {"create_empty_tensors_with_var_descs",
     (PyCFunction)(void (*)())GetEmptyTensorsWithVarDesc,
     METH_VARARGS,
     "GetEmptyTensorsWithVarDesc"},
    {"set_static_op_arg_pre_cast_hook",
     (PyCFunction)SetStaticOpArgPreCastHook,
     METH_O,
     "Set hook for pre cast a static OP argument."},
    {"calc_scope_cache_key",
     (PyCFunction)CalcScopeCacheKey,
     METH_VARARGS,
     "Calculate the cache key for scope."},
    {"get_program_id_from_attrs",
     (PyCFunction)GetProgramIdFromAttrs,
     METH_VARARGS,
     "Get program id from program attrs map."},
    {nullptr, nullptr, 0, nullptr}};

void BindEagerUtils(PyObject* module) {
  PyInit__static_op_arg_pre_cast_hook();
  if (PyModule_AddFunctions(module, EagerUtilMethods) < 0) {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::Fatal(
        "Init Paddle error in BindEagerUtils(PyModule_AddFunctions)."));
    return;
  }
}

std::tuple<std::vector<int64_t>,
           paddle::flat_hash_map<int64_t, phi::ReduceType>>
CvtPlacements(Placements placements, int ndim) {
  std::vector<int64_t> dim_map(ndim, -1);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < placements.size(); i++) {
    auto& placement = placements[i];
    if (placement->is_shard()) {
      auto shard_dim =
          dynamic_cast<const phi::distributed::Shard&>(*placement).get_dim();
      if (dim_map[shard_dim] != -1) {
        LOG(WARNING) << "WARNING: Tensor dim " << shard_dim
                     << " is already sharded on "
                     << "mesh dim" << dim_map[shard_dim]
                     << ". Sharding a tensor dim with "
                     << "multiple mesh dim is not supported yet.";
      }
      // PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(
      //     dim_map[shard_dim],
      //     -1,
      //     common::errors::InvalidArgument(
      //         "Tensor dim %lld is already sharded on mesh dim %lld,"
      //         " DistTensor operator implementation does not support things "
      //         "like hybrid"
      //         " sharding strategies yet (i.e. [Shard(0), Shard(0)])",
      //         shard_dim,
      //         dim_map[shard_dim]));
      dim_map[shard_dim] = i;
    }
  }
  paddle::flat_hash_map<int64_t, phi::ReduceType> partial_status;
  for (size_t i = 0; i < placements.size(); ++i) {
    auto& p = placements[i];
    if (p->is_partial()) {
      partial_status.insert(
          {i, dynamic_cast<phi::distributed::Partial&>(*p).get_reduce_type()});
    }
  }
  return {dim_map, partial_status};
}

void EagerSetDeviceId() {
  auto expected_place = egr::Controller::Instance().GetExpectedPlace();

  if (phi::is_gpu_place(expected_place)) {
#if defined(PADDLE_WITH_CUDA) || defined(PADDLE_WITH_HIP)
    phi::backends::gpu::SetDeviceId(expected_place.device);
    VLOG(4) << "CurrentDeviceId: " << phi::backends::gpu::GetCurrentDeviceId()
            << " from " << (int)expected_place.device;  // NOLINT
#else
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::PreconditionNotMet(
        "PaddlePaddle should compile with GPU if use CUDAPlace."));
#endif
  } else if (phi::is_custom_place(expected_place)) {
#if defined(PADDLE_WITH_CUSTOM_DEVICE)
    phi::DeviceManager::SetDevice(expected_place);
    VLOG(4) << "CurrentDeviceId: "
            << phi::DeviceManager::GetDevice(expected_place.GetDeviceType())
            << " from " << (int)expected_place.device;  // NOLINT
#else
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::PreconditionNotMet(
        "PaddlePaddle should compile with CUSTOM_DEVICE if use CustomPlace."));
#endif
  } else if (phi::is_xpu_place(expected_place)) {
#if defined(PADDLE_WITH_XPU)
    phi::backends::xpu::SetXPUDeviceId(expected_place.device);
    VLOG(4) << "CurrentDeviceId: "
            << phi::backends::xpu::GetXPUCurrentDeviceId() << " from "
            << (int)expected_place.device;  // NOLINT
#else
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::PreconditionNotMet(
        "PaddlePaddle should compile with XPU if use XPUPlace."));
#endif
  }
}

paddle::optional<Tensor*> GetInputOutTensorFromKwargs(PyObject* kwargs) {
  if (!kwargs) {
    return paddle::none;
  }
  PyObject* obj = PyDict_GetItemString(kwargs, "out");
  if (obj && PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, p_tensor_type)) {
    return paddle::make_optional<Tensor*>(
        &(reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(obj)->tensor));
  }
  return paddle::none;
}

template <size_t N>
struct TensorTupleType;

template <>
struct TensorTupleType<2> {
  using type = std::tuple<Tensor*, Tensor*>;
};

template <>
struct TensorTupleType<3> {
  using type = std::tuple<Tensor*, Tensor*, Tensor*>;
};

template <>
struct TensorTupleType<4> {
  using type = std::tuple<Tensor*, Tensor*, Tensor*, Tensor*>;
};

template <>
struct TensorTupleType<5> {
  using type = std::tuple<Tensor*, Tensor*, Tensor*, Tensor*, Tensor*>;
};

template <>
struct TensorTupleType<6> {
  using type = std::tuple<Tensor*, Tensor*, Tensor*, Tensor*, Tensor*, Tensor*>;
};

template <>
struct TensorTupleType<7> {
  using type =
      std::tuple<Tensor*, Tensor*, Tensor*, Tensor*, Tensor*, Tensor*, Tensor*>;
};

template <size_t... Is>
paddle::optional<typename TensorTupleType<sizeof...(Is)>::type>
GetPredefinedOutTupleTensorFromKwargs_Impl(PyObject* kwargs,
                                           std::index_sequence<Is...>) {
  if (!kwargs) return paddle::none;

  PyObject* obj = PyDict_GetItemString(kwargs, "out");
  if (!obj || obj == Py_None) return paddle::none;
  if (!PyTuple_Check(obj) || PyTuple_Size(obj) != sizeof...(Is)) {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidArgument(
        "The out argument must be a tuple with %d elements.", sizeof...(Is)));
    return paddle::none;
  }

  return std::make_tuple(
      &(reinterpret_cast<TensorObject*>(PyTuple_GetItem(obj, Is))->tensor)...);
}

paddle::optional<std::tuple<Tensor*, Tensor*>>
GetPredefinedOutTupleTensorFromKwargs_2(PyObject* kwargs) {
  return GetPredefinedOutTupleTensorFromKwargs_Impl<0, 1>(
      kwargs, std::make_index_sequence<2>{});
}

paddle::optional<std::tuple<Tensor*, Tensor*, Tensor*>>
GetPredefinedOutTupleTensorFromKwargs_3(PyObject* kwargs) {
  return GetPredefinedOutTupleTensorFromKwargs_Impl<0, 1, 2>(
      kwargs, std::make_index_sequence<3>{});
}

paddle::optional<std::tuple<Tensor*, Tensor*, Tensor*, Tensor*>>
GetPredefinedOutTupleTensorFromKwargs_4(PyObject* kwargs) {
  return GetPredefinedOutTupleTensorFromKwargs_Impl<0, 1, 2, 3>(
      kwargs, std::make_index_sequence<4>{});
}

paddle::optional<std::tuple<Tensor*, Tensor*, Tensor*, Tensor*, Tensor*>>
GetPredefinedOutTupleTensorFromKwargs_5(PyObject* kwargs) {
  return GetPredefinedOutTupleTensorFromKwargs_Impl<0, 1, 2, 3, 4>(
      kwargs, std::make_index_sequence<5>{});
}

paddle::optional<
    std::tuple<Tensor*, Tensor*, Tensor*, Tensor*, Tensor*, Tensor*>>
GetPredefinedOutTupleTensorFromKwargs_6(PyObject* kwargs) {
  return GetPredefinedOutTupleTensorFromKwargs_Impl<0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5>(
      kwargs, std::make_index_sequence<6>{});
}

paddle::optional<
    std::tuple<Tensor*, Tensor*, Tensor*, Tensor*, Tensor*, Tensor*, Tensor*>>
GetPredefinedOutTupleTensorFromKwargs_7(PyObject* kwargs) {
  return GetPredefinedOutTupleTensorFromKwargs_Impl<0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6>(
      kwargs, std::make_index_sequence<7>{});
}

void Check_PIR_not_support_out(PyObject* kwargs) {
  if (!kwargs) {
    return;
  }
  PyObject* obj = PyDict_GetItemString(kwargs, "out");
  if (obj) {
    static std::once_flag once_flag;
    std::call_once(once_flag, [&] {
      LOG(WARNING) << "Paddle static graph(PIR) not support input out tensor "
                      "for now!!!!!";
    });
  }
}

std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> ParseStringDict(
    PyObject* py_dict) {
  if (!PyDict_Check(py_dict)) {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "Expected a dictionary object, but got %s",
        reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(py_dict->ob_type)->tp_name));
  }

  std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> result;
  PyObject *key, *value;
  Py_ssize_t pos = 0;

  while (PyDict_Next(py_dict, &pos, &key, &value)) {
    if (!PyUnicode_Check(key) || !PyUnicode_Check(value)) {
      PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
          "Both keys and values in the dictionary must be strings."));
    }

    Py_ssize_t key_len, value_len;
    const char* c_key = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(key, &key_len);
    const char* c_value = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(value, &value_len);

    if (c_key == NULL || c_value == NULL) {
      PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::External(
          "Failed to convert Python string to C string."));
    }

    result.emplace(std::string(c_key, key_len),
                   std::string(c_value, value_len));
  }

  return result;
}
std::unordered_map<std::string, void*> ParsePythonOpAttrs(PyObject* py_dict) {
  if (!PyDict_Check(py_dict)) {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "Unknown python op attributes type, expected dict, but got %s",
        reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(py_dict->ob_type)->tp_name));
  }

  PyObject* py_infer_meta = PyDict_GetItemString(py_dict, "infer_meta_fn_ptr");
  PyObject* py_real_fn = PyDict_GetItemString(py_dict, "fn_ptr");
  if (!py_infer_meta || !py_real_fn) {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::NotFound(
        "Missing required keys 'infer_meta_fn_ptr' or 'fn_ptr' in op attrs."));
  }

  if (!PyCallable_Check(py_infer_meta) || !PyCallable_Check(py_real_fn)) {
    PADDLE_THROW(common::errors::InvalidType(
        "Expected callable objects for 'infer_meta_fn_ptr' and 'fn_ptr'."));
  }

  // Increase reference count to prevent garbage collection in C++
  Py_INCREF(py_infer_meta);
  Py_INCREF(py_real_fn);
  std::unordered_map<std::string, void*> attrs;

  attrs["infer_meta_fn_ptr"] = reinterpret_cast<void*>(py_infer_meta);
  attrs["fn_ptr"] = reinterpret_cast<void*>(py_real_fn);
  return attrs;
}

}  // namespace paddle::pybind