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# Mixed Skills — Code, Class, and File Skills
This sample demonstrates how to combine **code-defined skills**,
**class-based skills**, and **file-based skills** in a single agent using
`SkillsProvider`.
## Concepts
| Concept | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| **Code skill** | A `Skill` created in Python with `@skill.script` decorators for in-process callable functions and `@skill.resource` for dynamic content |
| **Class skill** | A self-contained skill class extending `ClassSkill`, bundling instructions, resources, and scripts |
| **File skill** | A skill discovered from a `SKILL.md` file on disk, with reference documents and executable script files |
| **`script_runner`** | A callable (sync or async) satisfying the `SkillScriptRunner` protocol — required when file skills have scripts |
| **`SkillsProvider`** | Registers code-defined, class-based, and file-based skills in a single provider |
## Skills in This Sample
### volume-converter (code skill)
Defined entirely in Python code using decorators:
- **`@skill.resource`** — `conversion-table`: gallons↔liters conversion factors
- **`@skill.script`** — `convert`: converts a value using a multiplication factor
Code scripts run **in-process** — no subprocess or external runner needed.
### temperature-converter (class skill)
Defined as a `TemperatureConverterSkill` class extending `ClassSkill`:
- **`@ClassSkill.resource`** — `temperature-conversion-formulas`: °F↔°C↔K formulas
- **`@ClassSkill.script`** — `convert-temperature`: converts between temperature scales
Class-based scripts run **in-process** — no subprocess or external runner needed.
### unit-converter (file skill)
Discovered from `skills/unit-converter/SKILL.md`:
- **Reference**: `references/CONVERSION_TABLES.md` — supported unit conversions and their factors
- **Script**: `scripts/convert.py` — converts a value using a multiplication factor (e.g. miles to kilometers)
File scripts are executed as **local Python subprocesses** via the
`script_runner` callback.
## How It Works
```
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ SkillsProvider( │
│ DeduplicatingSkillsSource( │
│ AggregatingSkillsSource([ │
│ FileSkillsSource("./skills", # file skills │
│ script_runner=runner), │
│ InMemorySkillsSource([ │
│ volume_skill, # code skill │
│ temp_converter, # class skill │
│ ]), │
│ ]) │
│ ) │
│ ) │
└─────────────┬───────────────────────────────────────────────┘
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ script_runner(skill, script, args) │
│ │
│ • Code scripts (@skill.script) → in-process call │
│ • Class scripts (@ClassSkill.script) → in-process call │
│ • File scripts (scripts/*.py) → subprocess via │
│ the callback function │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
## Prerequisites
Set environment variables (or create a `.env` file):
```
FOUNDRY_PROJECT_ENDPOINT=https://your-project.openai.azure.com/
AZURE_OPENAI_MODEL=gpt-4o-mini
```
Authenticate with Azure CLI:
```bash
az login
```
## Running the Sample
```bash
cd python
uv run samples/02-agents/skills/mixed_skills/mixed_skills.py
```
## Directory Structure
```
mixed_skills/
├── mixed_skills.py # Main sample — wires code + file skills together
├── README.md
└── skills/
└── unit-converter/ # File-based skill (discovered from SKILL.md)
├── SKILL.md
├── references/
│ └── CONVERSION_TABLES.md
└── scripts/
└── convert.py
```
## Learn More
- [File-Based Skills Sample](../file_based_skill/)
- [Code-Defined Skills Sample](../code_defined_skill/)
- [Script Approval Sample](../script_approval/)
- [Agent Skills Specification](https://agentskills.io/)
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
# Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
import asyncio
import json
import os
import sys
from pathlib import Path
from textwrap import dedent
from typing import Any
from agent_framework import (
Agent,
AggregatingSkillsSource,
ClassSkill,
DeduplicatingSkillsSource,
FileSkillsSource,
InlineSkill,
InMemorySkillsSource,
SkillFrontmatter,
SkillsProvider,
ToolApprovalMiddleware,
)
from agent_framework.foundry import FoundryChatClient
from azure.identity import AzureCliCredential
from dotenv import load_dotenv
# Add the skills folder root to sys.path so the shared subprocess_script_runner can be imported
_SKILLS_ROOT = str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent)
if _SKILLS_ROOT not in sys.path:
sys.path.insert(0, _SKILLS_ROOT)
from subprocess_script_runner import subprocess_script_runner # pyrefly: ignore[missing-import] # noqa: E402
"""
Mixed Skills — Code, class, and file skills in a single agent
This sample demonstrates how to combine **code-defined skills** (with
``@skill.script`` and ``@skill.resource`` decorators), **class-based skills**
(subclassing ``ClassSkill``), and **file-based skills** (discovered from
``SKILL.md`` files on disk) in a single agent using ``SkillsProvider`` and
a ``SkillScriptRunner`` callable.
Key concepts shown:
- Code skills with ``@skill.script``: executable Python functions the agent
can invoke directly in-process.
- Code skills with ``@skill.resource``: dynamic content the agent can read
on demand.
- Class skills: self-contained skill classes extending ``ClassSkill``.
- File skills from disk: ``SKILL.md`` files with reference documents and
executable script files.
- ``script_runner``: routes **file-based** script execution
through a callback, enabling custom handling (e.g. subprocess calls).
Code-defined and class-based scripts run in-process automatically.
The sample registers three skills:
1. **volume-converter** (code skill) — converts between gallons and liters using
``@skill.script`` for conversion and ``@skill.resource`` for the factor table.
2. **temperature-converter** (class skill) — converts between temperature scales
(°F↔°C↔K) using a ``ClassSkill`` subclass.
3. **unit-converter** (file skill) — converts between common units (miles↔km,
pounds↔kg) via a subprocess-executed Python script discovered from
``skills/unit-converter/SKILL.md``.
"""
# Load environment variables from .env file
load_dotenv()
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 1. Define a code skill with @skill.script and @skill.resource decorators
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
volume_converter_skill = InlineSkill(
frontmatter=SkillFrontmatter(
name="volume-converter", description="Convert between gallons and liters using a conversion factor"
),
instructions=dedent("""\
Use this skill when the user asks to convert between gallons and liters.
1. Review the conversion-table resource to find the correct factor.
2. Use the convert script, passing the value and factor.
"""),
)
@volume_converter_skill.resource(name="conversion-table", description="Volume conversion factors")
def volume_table() -> Any:
"""Return the volume conversion factor table."""
return dedent("""\
# Volume Conversion Table
Formula: **result = value × factor**
| From | To | Factor |
|---------|--------|---------|
| gallons | liters | 3.78541 |
| liters | gallons| 0.264172|
""")
@volume_converter_skill.script(name="convert", description="Convert a value: result = value × factor")
def convert_volume(value: float, factor: float) -> str:
"""Convert a value using a multiplication factor.
Args:
value: The numeric value to convert.
factor: Conversion factor from the table.
Returns:
JSON string with the conversion result.
"""
result = round(value * factor, 4)
return json.dumps({"value": value, "factor": factor, "result": result})
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 2. Define a class-based skill for temperature conversion
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
class TemperatureConverterSkill(ClassSkill):
"""A temperature-converter skill defined as a Python class.
Converts between temperature scales (Fahrenheit, Celsius, Kelvin).
Resources and scripts are discovered automatically via decorators.
"""
def __init__(self) -> None:
super().__init__(
frontmatter=SkillFrontmatter(
name="temperature-converter",
description="Convert between temperature scales (Fahrenheit, Celsius, Kelvin).",
)
)
@property
def instructions(self) -> str:
return dedent("""\
Use this skill when the user asks to convert temperatures.
1. Read the temperature-conversion-formulas resource to find the factor and offset
for the requested conversion.
2. Use the convert-temperature script, passing value, factor, and offset.
3. Present the result clearly with both temperature scales.
""")
@ClassSkill.resource(name="temperature-conversion-formulas")
def formulas(self) -> str:
"""Temperature conversion formulas reference table."""
return dedent("""\
# Temperature Conversion Formulas
Formula: **result = value × factor + offset**
| From | To | Factor | Offset |
|-------------|-------------|----------|-----------|
| Fahrenheit | Celsius | 0.555556 | -17.7778 |
| Celsius | Fahrenheit | 1.8 | 32 |
| Celsius | Kelvin | 1 | 273.15 |
| Kelvin | Celsius | 1 | -273.15 |
""")
@ClassSkill.script(name="convert-temperature")
def convert_temperature(self, value: float, factor: float, offset: float = 0) -> str:
"""Convert a temperature value using factor and offset from the formulas resource.
Args:
value: The numeric temperature value to convert.
factor: Conversion factor from the formulas resource.
offset: Offset to add after multiplying (default 0).
Returns:
JSON string with the conversion result.
"""
result = round(value * factor + offset, 4)
return json.dumps({"value": value, "factor": factor, "offset": offset, "result": result})
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 3. Wire everything together and run the agent
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
async def main() -> None:
"""Run the combined skills demo."""
endpoint = os.environ["FOUNDRY_PROJECT_ENDPOINT"]
deployment = os.environ.get("FOUNDRY_MODEL", "gpt-4o-mini")
# Create the chat client
client = FoundryChatClient(
project_endpoint=endpoint,
model=deployment,
credential=AzureCliCredential(),
)
# Create the SkillsProvider with code, class, and file skills.
# The script_runner handles file-based scripts; code-defined and
# class-based scripts run in-process automatically.
temperature_converter = TemperatureConverterSkill()
skills_provider = SkillsProvider(
DeduplicatingSkillsSource(
AggregatingSkillsSource([
FileSkillsSource(
str(Path(__file__).parent / "skills"),
script_runner=subprocess_script_runner,
),
InMemorySkillsSource([volume_converter_skill, temperature_converter]),
])
)
)
# Run the agent. All skill tools require approval by default; auto-approve
# them so the sample runs unattended. See the script_approval /
# skills_auto_approval samples for approval handling.
async with Agent(
client=client,
instructions="You are a helpful assistant that can convert units, volumes, and temperatures.",
context_providers=[skills_provider],
middleware=[ToolApprovalMiddleware(auto_approval_rules=[SkillsProvider.all_tools_auto_approval_rule])],
) as agent:
# Ask the agent to use all three skills
print("Converting with mixed skills (file + code + class)")
print("-" * 60)
session = agent.create_session()
response = await agent.run(
"I need three conversions: "
"1) How many kilometers is a marathon (26.2 miles)? "
"2) How many liters is a 5-gallon bucket? "
"3) What is 98.6°F in Celsius?",
session=session,
)
print(f"Agent: {response}\n")
if __name__ == "__main__":
asyncio.run(main())
"""
Sample output:
Converting with mixed skills (file + code + class)
------------------------------------------------------------
Agent: Here are your conversions:
1. **26.2 miles → 42.16 km** (a marathon distance)
2. **5 gallons → 18.93 liters**
3. **98.6°F → 37.0°C**
"""
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
---
name: unit-converter
description: Convert between common units using a multiplication factor. Use when asked to convert miles, kilometers, pounds, or kilograms.
license: MIT
compatibility: Works with any model that supports tool use.
allowed-tools: convert
metadata:
author: agent-framework-samples
version: "1.0"
---
## Usage
When the user requests a unit conversion:
1. First, review `references/CONVERSION_TABLES.md` to find the correct factor
2. Run the `scripts/convert.py` script with `--value <number> --factor <factor>` (e.g. `--value 26.2 --factor 1.60934`)
3. Present the converted value clearly with both units
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
# Conversion Tables
Formula: **result = value × factor**
| From | To | Factor |
|-------------|-------------|----------|
| miles | kilometers | 1.60934 |
| kilometers | miles | 0.621371 |
| pounds | kilograms | 0.453592 |
| kilograms | pounds | 2.20462 |
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
# Unit conversion script
# Converts a value using a multiplication factor: result = value × factor
#
# Usage:
# python scripts/convert.py --value 26.2 --factor 1.60934
# python scripts/convert.py --value 75 --factor 2.20462
import argparse
import json
def main() -> None:
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
description="Convert a value using a multiplication factor.",
epilog="Examples:\n"
" python scripts/convert.py --value 26.2 --factor 1.60934\n"
" python scripts/convert.py --value 75 --factor 2.20462",
formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
)
parser.add_argument("--value", type=float, required=True, help="The numeric value to convert.")
parser.add_argument("--factor", type=float, required=True, help="The conversion factor from the table.")
args = parser.parse_args()
result = round(args.value * args.factor, 4)
print(json.dumps({"value": args.value, "factor": args.factor, "result": result}))
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()