chore: import upstream snapshot with attribution

contributing/samples/adk_team/adk_pr_triaging_agent/README.md

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+# ADK Pull Request Triaging Assistant
+
+The ADK Pull Request (PR) Triaging Assistant is a Python-based agent designed to help manage and triage GitHub pull requests for the `google/adk-python` repository. It uses a large language model to analyze new and unlabelled pull requests, recommend appropriate labels, assign a reviewer, and check contribution guides based on a predefined set of rules.
+
+This agent can be operated in two distinct modes:
+
+- an interactive mode for local use
+- a fully automated GitHub Actions workflow.
+
+______________________________________________________________________
+
+## Interactive Mode
+
+This mode allows you to run the agent locally to review its recommendations in real-time before any changes are made to your repository's pull requests.
+
+### Features
+
+- **Web Interface**: The agent's interactive mode can be rendered in a web browser using the ADK's `adk web` command.
+- **User Approval**: In interactive mode, the agent is instructed to ask for your confirmation before applying a label or posting a comment to a GitHub pull request.
+
+### Running in Interactive Mode
+
+To run the agent in interactive mode, first set the required environment variables. Then, execute the following command in your terminal:
+
+```bash
+adk web
+```
+
+This will start a local server and provide a URL to access the agent's web interface in your browser.
+
+______________________________________________________________________
+
+## GitHub Workflow Mode
+
+For automated, hands-off PR triaging, the agent can be integrated directly into your repository's CI/CD pipeline using a GitHub Actions workflow.
+
+### Workflow Triggers
+
+The GitHub workflow is configured to run on specific triggers:
+
+- **Pull Request Events**: The workflow executes automatically whenever a new PR is `opened` or an existing one is `reopened` or `edited`.
+
+### Automated Labeling
+
+When running as part of the GitHub workflow, the agent operates non-interactively. It identifies and applies the best label or posts a comment directly without requiring user approval. This behavior is configured by setting the `INTERACTIVE` environment variable to `0` in the workflow file.
+
+### Workflow Configuration
+
+The workflow is defined in a YAML file (`.github/workflows/pr-triage.yml`). This file contains the steps to check out the code, set up the Python environment, install dependencies, and run the triaging script with the necessary environment variables and secrets.
+
+______________________________________________________________________
+
+## Setup and Configuration
+
+Whether running in interactive or workflow mode, the agent requires the following setup.
+
+### Dependencies
+
+The agent requires the following Python libraries.
+
+```bash
+pip install --upgrade pip
+pip install google-adk
+```
+
+### Environment Variables
+
+The following environment variables are required for the agent to connect to the necessary services.
+
+- `GITHUB_TOKEN`: **(Required)** A GitHub Personal Access Token with `pull_requests:write` permissions. Needed for both interactive and workflow modes.
+- `GOOGLE_API_KEY`: **(Required)** Your API key for the Gemini API. Needed for both interactive and workflow modes.
+- `OWNER`: The GitHub organization or username that owns the repository (e.g., `google`). Needed for both modes.
+- `REPO`: The name of the GitHub repository (e.g., `adk-python`). Needed for both modes.
+- `INTERACTIVE`: Controls the agent's interaction mode. For the automated workflow, this is set to `0`. For interactive mode, it should be set to `1` or left unset.
+
+For local execution in interactive mode, you can place these variables in a `.env` file in the project's root directory. For the GitHub workflow, they should be configured as repository secrets.

contributing/samples/adk_team/adk_pr_triaging_agent/__init__.py

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+# Copyright 2026 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from . import agent

contributing/samples/adk_team/adk_pr_triaging_agent/agent.py

@@ -0,0 +1,425 @@
+# Copyright 2026 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
+
+from adk_pr_triaging_agent.settings import GITHUB_BASE_URL
+from adk_pr_triaging_agent.settings import IS_INTERACTIVE
+from adk_pr_triaging_agent.settings import OWNER
+from adk_pr_triaging_agent.settings import REPO
+from adk_pr_triaging_agent.utils import error_response
+from adk_pr_triaging_agent.utils import get_diff
+from adk_pr_triaging_agent.utils import get_request
+from adk_pr_triaging_agent.utils import is_assignable
+from adk_pr_triaging_agent.utils import post_request
+from adk_pr_triaging_agent.utils import read_file
+from adk_pr_triaging_agent.utils import run_graphql_query
+from google.adk import Agent
+import requests
+
+ALLOWED_LABELS = [
+    "documentation",
+    "services",
+    "tools",
+    "mcp",
+    "eval",
+    "live",
+    "models",
+    "tracing",
+    "core",
+    "web",
+]
+
+# Component label -> GitHub login of the owner who shepherds that component.
+# The owner becomes the PR's assignee so the contributor can see who is
+# handling their PR. github login != corp ldap, so this is the login form. Keep
+# in sync with the OWNERS file (the authority) and adk_triaging_agent's map.
+LABEL_TO_OWNER = {
+    "documentation": "joefernandez",
+    "services": "DeanChensj",
+    "tools": "xuanyang15",
+    "mcp": "wukath",
+    "eval": "ankursharmas",
+    "live": "wuliang229",
+    "models": "xuanyang15",
+    "tracing": "jawoszek",
+    "core": "DeanChensj",
+    "web": "wyf7107",
+}
+
+CONTRIBUTING_MD = read_file(
+    Path(__file__).resolve().parents[4] / "CONTRIBUTING.md"
+)
+
+APPROVAL_INSTRUCTION = (
+    "Do not ask for user approval for labeling, commenting, or assigning!"
+    " If you can't find appropriate labels for the PR, do not label it."
+)
+if IS_INTERACTIVE:
+  APPROVAL_INSTRUCTION = (
+      "Only label, comment, or assign when the user approves the action!"
+  )
+
+
+def get_pull_request_details(pr_number: int) -> str:
+  """Get the details of the specified pull request.
+
+  Args:
+    pr_number: number of the GitHub pull request.
+
+  Returns:
+    The status of this request, with the details when successful.
+  """
+  print(f"Fetching details for PR #{pr_number} from {OWNER}/{REPO}")
+  query = """
+    query($owner: String!, $repo: String!, $prNumber: Int!) {
+      repository(owner: $owner, name: $repo) {
+        pullRequest(number: $prNumber) {
+          id
+          number
+          title
+          body
+          state
+          author {
+            login
+          }
+          labels(last: 10) {
+            nodes {
+              name
+            }
+          }
+          assignees(first: 10) {
+            nodes {
+              login
+            }
+          }
+          files(last: 50) {
+            nodes {
+              path
+            }
+          }
+          comments(last: 50) {
+            nodes {
+              id
+              body
+              createdAt
+              author {
+                login
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          commits(last: 50) {
+            nodes {
+              commit {
+                url
+                message
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          statusCheckRollup {
+            state
+            contexts(last: 20) {
+              nodes {
+                ... on StatusContext {
+                  context
+                  state
+                  targetUrl
+                }
+                ... on CheckRun {
+                  name
+                  status
+                  conclusion
+                  detailsUrl
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  """
+  variables = {"owner": OWNER, "repo": REPO, "prNumber": pr_number}
+  url = f"{GITHUB_BASE_URL}/repos/{OWNER}/{REPO}/pulls/{pr_number}"
+
+  try:
+    response = run_graphql_query(query, variables)
+    if "errors" in response:
+      return error_response(str(response["errors"]))
+
+    pr = response.get("data", {}).get("repository", {}).get("pullRequest")
+    if not pr:
+      return error_response(f"Pull Request #{pr_number} not found.")
+
+    # Filter out main merge commits.
+    original_commits = pr.get("commits", {}).get("nodes", {})
+    if original_commits:
+      filtered_commits = [
+          commit_node
+          for commit_node in original_commits
+          if not commit_node["commit"]["message"].startswith(
+              "Merge branch 'main' into"
+          )
+      ]
+      pr["commits"]["nodes"] = filtered_commits
+
+    # Get diff of the PR and truncate it to avoid exceeding the maximum tokens.
+    pr["diff"] = get_diff(url)[:10000]
+
+    return {"status": "success", "pull_request": pr}
+  except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
+    return error_response(str(e))
+
+
+def add_label_to_pr(pr_number: int, label: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+  """Adds a specified label on a pull request.
+
+  Args:
+      pr_number: the number of the GitHub pull request
+      label: the label to add
+
+  Returns:
+      The status of this request, with the applied label and response when
+      successful.
+  """
+  print(f"Attempting to add label '{label}' to PR #{pr_number}")
+  if label not in ALLOWED_LABELS:
+    return error_response(
+        f"Error: Label '{label}' is not an allowed label. Will not apply."
+    )
+
+  # Pull Request is a special issue in GitHub, so we can use issue url for PR.
+  label_url = (
+      f"{GITHUB_BASE_URL}/repos/{OWNER}/{REPO}/issues/{pr_number}/labels"
+  )
+  label_payload = [label]
+
+  try:
+    response = post_request(label_url, label_payload)
+  except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
+    return error_response(f"Error: {e}")
+
+  return {
+      "status": "success",
+      "applied_label": label,
+      "response": response,
+  }
+
+
+def assign_owner_to_pr(pr_number: int, label: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+  """Assign the component owner (the shepherd) to a PR based on its label.
+
+  The owner is looked up from `LABEL_TO_OWNER` so the contributor can see who is
+  shepherding their PR. GitHub only allows assigning users with
+  repo write/triage access, so a non-assignable owner is reported as skipped
+  rather than silently dropped.
+
+  Args:
+    pr_number: the number of the GitHub pull request
+    label: the component label the PR was triaged into
+
+  Returns:
+    The status of this request, with the assigned owner when successful.
+  """
+  owner = LABEL_TO_OWNER.get(label)
+  if not owner:
+    return error_response(f"Error: no owner mapped for label '{label}'.")
+  print(f"Attempting to assign owner '{owner}' to PR #{pr_number}")
+  if not is_assignable(owner):
+    return {
+        "status": "skipped",
+        "reason": f"'{owner}' is not assignable (needs repo access)",
+        "owner": owner,
+    }
+
+  # Pull Request is a special issue in GitHub, so we can use the issue url.
+  assignee_url = (
+      f"{GITHUB_BASE_URL}/repos/{OWNER}/{REPO}/issues/{pr_number}/assignees"
+  )
+  try:
+    response = post_request(assignee_url, {"assignees": [owner]})
+  except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
+    return error_response(f"Error: {e}")
+
+  return {
+      "status": "success",
+      "assigned_owner": owner,
+      "response": response,
+  }
+
+
+def add_comment_to_pr(pr_number: int, comment: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+  """Add the specified comment to the given PR number.
+
+  Args:
+    pr_number: the number of the GitHub pull request
+    comment: the comment to add
+
+  Returns:
+    The status of this request, with the applied comment when successful.
+  """
+  print(f"Attempting to add comment '{comment}' to issue #{pr_number}")
+
+  # Pull Request is a special issue in GitHub, so we can use issue url for PR.
+  url = f"{GITHUB_BASE_URL}/repos/{OWNER}/{REPO}/issues/{pr_number}/comments"
+  payload = {"body": comment}
+
+  try:
+    post_request(url, payload)
+  except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
+    return error_response(f"Error: {e}")
+  return {
+      "status": "success",
+      "added_comment": comment,
+  }
+
+
+def list_untriaged_pull_requests(pr_count: int) -> dict[str, Any]:
+  """List open pull requests that need triaging.
+
+  Returns pull requests that need triaging (i.e. do not have google-contributor
+  label and do not have any allowed triage category labels).
+
+  Args:
+    pr_count: number of pull requests to return
+
+  Returns:
+    The status of this request, with a list of pull requests when successful.
+  """
+  url = f"{GITHUB_BASE_URL}/search/issues"
+  query = f"repo:{OWNER}/{REPO} is:open is:pr"
+  params = {
+      "q": query,
+      "sort": "updated",
+      "order": "desc",
+      "per_page": 100,
+      "page": 1,
+  }
+
+  try:
+    response = get_request(url, params)
+  except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
+    return error_response(f"Error: {e}")
+
+  issues = response.get("items", [])
+  triage_labels = set(ALLOWED_LABELS)
+  untriaged_prs = []
+
+  for pr in issues:
+    pr_labels = {label["name"] for label in pr.get("labels", [])}
+    if "google-contributor" in pr_labels:
+      continue
+    # If it already has any of the ALLOWED_LABELS, skip it.
+    if pr_labels & triage_labels:
+      continue
+
+    untriaged_prs.append({
+        "number": pr["number"],
+        "title": pr["title"],
+    })
+
+    if len(untriaged_prs) >= pr_count:
+      break
+
+  return {"status": "success", "pull_requests": untriaged_prs}
+
+
+root_agent = Agent(
+    model="gemini-3.5-flash",
+    name="adk_pr_triaging_assistant",
+    description="Triage ADK pull requests.",
+    instruction=f"""
+      # 1. Identity
+      You are a Pull Request (PR) triaging bot for the GitHub {REPO} repo with the owner {OWNER}.
+
+      # 2. Responsibilities
+      Your core responsibility includes:
+      - Get the pull request details.
+      - Add a label to the pull request.
+      - Assign the component owner (the shepherd) to the pull request.
+      - Check if the pull request is following the contribution guidelines.
+      - Add a comment to the pull request if it's not following the guidelines.
+
+      **IMPORTANT: {APPROVAL_INSTRUCTION}**
+
+      # 3. Guidelines & Rules
+      Here are the rules for labeling:
+      - If the PR is about documentations, label it with "documentation".
+      - If it's about session, memory, artifacts services, label it with "services"
+      - If it's about UI/web, label it with "web"
+      - If it's related to tools, label it with "tools"
+      - If it's about agent evaluation, then label it with "eval".
+      - If it's about streaming/live, label it with "live".
+      - If it's about model support(non-Gemini, like Litellm, Ollama, OpenAI models), label it with "models".
+      - If it's about tracing, label it with "tracing".
+      - If it's agent orchestration, agent definition, label it with "core".
+      - If it's about Model Context Protocol (e.g. MCP tool, MCP toolset, MCP session management etc.), label it with "mcp".
+      - If you can't find an appropriate labels for the PR, follow the previous instruction that starts with "IMPORTANT:".
+
+      Here is the contribution guidelines:
+      `{CONTRIBUTING_MD}`
+
+      Here are the guidelines for checking if the PR is following the guidelines:
+      - The "statusCheckRollup" in the pull request details may help you to identify if the PR is following some of the guidelines (e.g. CLA compliance).
+
+      Here are the guidelines for the comment:
+      - **Be Polite and Helpful:** Start with a friendly tone.
+      - **Be Specific:** Clearly list only the sections from the contribution guidelines that are still missing.
+      - **Address the Author:** Mention the PR author by their username (e.g., `@username`).
+      - **Provide Context:** Explain *why* the information or action is needed.
+      - **Do not be repetitive:** If you have already commented on an PR asking for information, do not comment again unless new information has been added and it's still incomplete.
+      - **Identify yourself:** Include a bolded note (e.g. "Response from ADK Triaging Agent") in your comment to indicate this comment was added by an ADK Answering Agent.
+
+      **Example Comment for a PR:**
+      > **Response from ADK Triaging Agent**
+      >
+      > Hello @[pr-author-username], thank you for creating this PR!
+      >
+      > This PR is a bug fix, could you please associate the github issue with this PR? If there is no existing issue, could you please create one?
+      >
+      > In addition, could you please provide logs or screenshot after the fix is applied?
+      >
+      > This information will help reviewers to review your PR more efficiently. Thanks!
+
+      # 4. Steps
+      - If you are asked to find pull requests that need triaging, use `list_untriaged_pull_requests` first.
+      - For each pull request to be triaged:
+        - Call the `get_pull_request_details` tool to get the details of the PR.
+        - Skip the PR (i.e. do not label or comment) if any of the following is true:
+          - the PR is closed
+          - the PR is labeled with "google-contributor"
+          - the PR is already labelled with the above labels (e.g. "documentation", "services", "tools", etc.).
+        - Check if the PR is following the contribution guidelines.
+          - If it's not following the guidelines, recommend or add a comment to the PR that points to the contribution guidelines (https://github.com/google/adk-python/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md).
+          - If it's following the guidelines, recommend or add a label to the PR.
+        - After you add a component label, assign the component owner (the shepherd) to the PR:
+          - Call `assign_owner_to_pr` with the same label you applied.
+          - Skip assignment if the PR already has an assignee.
+          - If the tool reports the owner is not assignable, just note it; do not comment about it.
+
+      # 5. Output
+      Present the following in an easy to read format highlighting PR number and your label.
+      - The PR summary in a few sentence
+      - The label you recommended or added with the justification
+      - The owner you assigned (or why you did not)
+      - The comment you recommended or added to the PR with the justification
+    """,
+    tools=[
+        list_untriaged_pull_requests,
+        get_pull_request_details,
+        add_label_to_pr,
+        assign_owner_to_pr,
+        add_comment_to_pr,
+    ],
+)

contributing/samples/adk_team/adk_pr_triaging_agent/main.py

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+# Copyright 2026 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import asyncio
+import logging
+import time
+
+from adk_pr_triaging_agent import agent
+from adk_pr_triaging_agent.settings import OWNER
+from adk_pr_triaging_agent.settings import PR_COUNT_TO_PROCESS
+from adk_pr_triaging_agent.settings import PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER
+from adk_pr_triaging_agent.settings import REPO
+from adk_pr_triaging_agent.utils import call_agent_async
+from adk_pr_triaging_agent.utils import parse_number_string
+from google.adk.cli.utils import logs
+from google.adk.runners import InMemoryRunner
+
+APP_NAME = "adk_pr_triaging_app"
+USER_ID = "adk_pr_triaging_user"
+
+logs.setup_adk_logger(level=logging.DEBUG)
+
+
+async def main():
+  runner = InMemoryRunner(
+      agent=agent.root_agent,
+      app_name=APP_NAME,
+  )
+  session = await runner.session_service.create_session(
+      app_name=APP_NAME, user_id=USER_ID
+  )
+
+  pr_number = parse_number_string(PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER)
+  if pr_number:
+    prompt = f"Please triage pull request #{pr_number}!"
+  else:
+    pr_count = parse_number_string(PR_COUNT_TO_PROCESS, default_value=10)
+    print(
+        "No pull request number received. Operating in batch mode (limit:"
+        f" {pr_count})."
+    )
+    prompt = (
+        f"Please use 'list_untriaged_pull_requests' to find {pr_count} pull"
+        " requests that need triaging, then triage each one according to your"
+        " instructions."
+    )
+
+  response = await call_agent_async(runner, USER_ID, session.id, prompt)
+  print(f"<<<< Agent Final Output: {response}\n")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+  start_time = time.time()
+  print(
+      f"Start triaging {OWNER}/{REPO} pull request #{PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER} at"
+      f" {time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.gmtime(start_time))}"
+  )
+  print("-" * 80)
+  asyncio.run(main())
+  print("-" * 80)
+  end_time = time.time()
+  print(
+      "Triaging finished at"
+      f" {time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.gmtime(end_time))}",
+  )
+  print("Total script execution time:", f"{end_time - start_time:.2f} seconds")

contributing/samples/adk_team/adk_pr_triaging_agent/settings.py

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# Copyright 2026 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import os
+
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
+load_dotenv(override=True)
+
+GITHUB_BASE_URL = "https://api.github.com"
+GITHUB_GRAPHQL_URL = GITHUB_BASE_URL + "/graphql"
+
+GITHUB_TOKEN = os.getenv("GITHUB_TOKEN")
+if not GITHUB_TOKEN:
+  raise ValueError("GITHUB_TOKEN environment variable not set")
+
+OWNER = os.getenv("OWNER", "google")
+REPO = os.getenv("REPO", "adk-python")
+PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER = os.getenv("PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER")
+PR_COUNT_TO_PROCESS = os.getenv("PR_COUNT_TO_PROCESS", "10")
+
+IS_INTERACTIVE = os.environ.get("INTERACTIVE", "1").lower() in ["true", "1"]

contributing/samples/adk_team/adk_pr_triaging_agent/utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+# Copyright 2026 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import sys
+from typing import Any
+
+from adk_pr_triaging_agent.settings import GITHUB_BASE_URL
+from adk_pr_triaging_agent.settings import GITHUB_GRAPHQL_URL
+from adk_pr_triaging_agent.settings import GITHUB_TOKEN
+from adk_pr_triaging_agent.settings import OWNER
+from adk_pr_triaging_agent.settings import REPO
+from google.adk.agents.run_config import RunConfig
+from google.adk.runners import Runner
+from google.genai import types
+import requests
+
+headers = {
+    "Authorization": f"token {GITHUB_TOKEN}",
+    "Accept": "application/vnd.github.v3+json",
+}
+
+diff_headers = {
+    "Authorization": f"token {GITHUB_TOKEN}",
+    "Accept": "application/vnd.github.v3.diff",
+}
+
+
+def run_graphql_query(query: str, variables: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+  """Executes a GraphQL query."""
+  payload = {"query": query, "variables": variables}
+  response = requests.post(
+      GITHUB_GRAPHQL_URL, headers=headers, json=payload, timeout=60
+  )
+  response.raise_for_status()
+  return response.json()
+
+
+def get_request(url: str, params: dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> Any:
+  """Executes a GET request."""
+  if params is None:
+    params = {}
+  response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, params=params, timeout=60)
+  response.raise_for_status()
+  return response.json()
+
+
+def get_diff(url: str) -> str:
+  """Executes a GET request for a diff."""
+  response = requests.get(url, headers=diff_headers)
+  response.raise_for_status()
+  return response.text
+
+
+def post_request(url: str, payload: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
+  """Executes a POST request."""
+  response = requests.post(url, headers=headers, json=payload, timeout=60)
+  response.raise_for_status()
+  return response.json()
+
+
+def is_assignable(login: str) -> bool:
+  """Whether a GitHub user can be assigned to an issue/PR in this repo."""
+  # GitHub only allows assignees with repo write/triage access and silently
+  # drops others from an assignee POST; check first so callers can report the
+  # skip instead of a silent no-op.
+  url = f"{GITHUB_BASE_URL}/repos/{OWNER}/{REPO}/assignees/{login}"
+  response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, timeout=60)
+  return response.status_code == 204
+
+
+def error_response(error_message: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+  """Returns an error response."""
+  return {"status": "error", "error_message": error_message}
+
+
+def read_file(file_path: str) -> str:
+  """Read the content of the given file."""
+  try:
+    with open(file_path, "r") as f:
+      return f.read()
+  except FileNotFoundError:
+    print(f"Error: File not found: {file_path}.")
+    return ""
+
+
+def parse_number_string(number_str: str | None, default_value: int = 0) -> int:
+  """Parse a number from the given string."""
+  if not number_str:
+    return default_value
+
+  try:
+    return int(number_str)
+  except ValueError:
+    print(
+        f"Warning: Invalid number string: {number_str}. Defaulting to"
+        f" {default_value}.",
+        file=sys.stderr,
+    )
+    return default_value
+
+
+async def call_agent_async(
+    runner: Runner, user_id: str, session_id: str, prompt: str
+) -> str:
+  """Call the agent asynchronously with the user's prompt."""
+  content = types.Content(
+      role="user", parts=[types.Part.from_text(text=prompt)]
+  )
+
+  final_response_text = ""
+  async for event in runner.run_async(
+      user_id=user_id,
+      session_id=session_id,
+      new_message=content,
+      run_config=RunConfig(save_input_blobs_as_artifacts=False),
+  ):
+    if event.content and event.content.parts:
+      if text := "".join(part.text or "" for part in event.content.parts):
+        if event.author != "user":
+          final_response_text += text
+
+  return final_response_text