query: What is the effect of the LME Singapore Contract on trade dynamics?

pos:
The London Metal Exchange's, LME,
decision to introduce a dollar-denominated aluminium contract,
with the Port of Singapore listed as a delivery point, is a
positive move, physical traders and LME dealers said.
    Earlier this week the LME declared that a 99.70 pct minimum
purity aluminium contract would commence trading on June 1,
1987, alongside its long-established sterling-based 99.50 pct
contract.
    This is the LME's first dollar contract and non-European
delivery point, and the Board and Committee are looking at
Singapore as a delivery point for other contracts.
    Trade sources said the LME's new contract will conform with
existing industry practice, where 99.70 standard re-melt
material, priced in dollars, is most commonly traded.
    The location of a warehouse in Singapore is also a positive
move by the LME, given its ideal location for Australian and
Japanese traders, who would be able to place metal on to
warrant speedily and relatively inexpensively, they said.
    Hedging during the LME ring sessions becomes much simpler
with a dollar contract. At present pre-market trading is almost
exclusively dollar-based, but currency conversions have to be
done during the sterling rings, they added.
    LME ring dealers said the new contract would match more
closely trade requirements and possibly alleviate some of the
recent wide backwardations.
    Very little physical business is now done in 99.50 pct
purity metal, nearly all of which is produced in Eastern Bloc
countries, such as Romania.
    The Soviet Union also produces 99.50 pct, but has declined
as an exporter recently, they said.
    Some dealers said the new 99.70 contract may suffer from
liquidity problems initially, as business may continue to
centre on the present good ordinary brand (gob) contract, where
there are many holders of large short positions on the LME.
    But others said the new contract would soon attract trading
interest, given that much 99.70 metal has already been
attracted to the LME's warehouses by backwardations.
    The LME also has a much more viable liquidity base for a
new contract, compared to the Comex market in New York, where
high grade aluminium futures are not particularly active, they
said.
    Thus, it seems likely that the sterling contract will
eventually lose trading interest and volumes will decline. Like
standard zinc, which was superseded by a high grade contract,
gob aluminium will probably be replaced, although the process
in this case may take longer, they added.
    Forming a new contract and establishing a Singapore
warehouse are constructive moves by the LME but backwardations,
which make physical trading difficult, would not totally
disappear as a result, the trade sources said.
    These premiums for prompt metal have become a
semi-permanent feature over the last year, due to increased
business and volatility in traded options, and are presently
around 50 stg.
    Increasingly large granting of option positions has been
taking place. When some of these are declared and exercised at
the end of the relevant month, physical tightness and squeezes
around these dates are commonplace, they said.
    Listing Singapore as a delivery point allows Far Eastern
operators to deliver aluminium into a LME warehouse instead of
having to cover.
    But tightness and backwardations are seen continuing, even
though the LME's new option contracts widen the gap between the
declaration and prompt dates.
    These will be due on the first and third Wednesday of the
month, whereas at present most fall on the 20th and 25th.
    Backwardations will remain while operators continue to
grant options where potential tonnage to be delivered exceeds
aluminium stock levels, an LME option trader said.
 Reuter


query: Please provide the estimated quantity of the broad monetary aggregate designated as M-3, which encompasses the extensive range of financial assets held principally by households, as recorded in the month of February.

pos:
South African year-on-year broadly
defined M-3 money supply growth slowed to 8.62 pct in January
from 9.32 pct in December, Reserve Bank figures show.
    M-3 fell to 77.98 billion rand in January from 79.31
billion in December, while preliminary February figures show
M-3 at 79.42 billion rand for a year-on-year rise of 10.63 pct.
    M-2 showed a rise of 5.09 pct for January at 55.68 billion
rand after 4.30 pct in December, M-1 16.72 pct at 5.12 billion
after 12.80 pct and M-1A 22.79 pct at 14.30 billion rand after
20.54 pct.
 REUTER


query: When did Reagan impose tariffs?

pos:
The White House issued a
list of Japanese exports to covered by the 100 pct tariffs
imposed by President Reagan.
    - Automatic data processing machines (1986 imports worth
180 mln dlrs), including certain desk and lap models with
microprocessor-based calculating mechanism capable of handling
words of at least 16-bits off the microprocessor;
    - Complete color television sets, with 18, 19 or 20 inch
screens (1986 imports 90 mln dlrs);
    - Power tools, including certain drills, percussion
hammers, sanders, polishers, grinders.
 Reuter