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// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
// DeepSpeed Team
#include <cstdio>
#include "dequantization_utils.h"
#include "ds_kernel_utils.h"
#include "memory_access_utils.h"
#include "quantization_utils.h"
#include "reduction_utils.h"
using rop = reduce::ROpType;
/*
TODO(cmikeh2): Add implementation that better handles larger nodes. It would like make sense
to leverage some parallel reductions here to improve performance.
*/
template <int numBits, int numTensors, int totalChunks, quantize::Type quantType>
__global__ void __launch_bounds__(1024) dequant_reduce(int8_t* reduced_data,
float* reduced_scales,
const int8_t* input_data,
const float* input_scales,
int elems_per_out_group,
int elems_per_in_tensor,
int groups_per_in_tensor,
int elems_per_in_group,
int num_tensors)
{
cg::thread_block tb = cg::this_thread_block();
cg::thread_block_tile<hw_warp_size> warp = cg::tiled_partition<hw_warp_size>(tb);
// NOTE(cmikeh2): This probably could be hardcoded to a larger number,
// but that means even stronger restrictions on the number of elements per group
// A performance analysis here might be beneficial
constexpr int mem_granularity = (numBits == 8) ? 8 : 4;
constexpr int elems_per_load = mem_granularity / sizeof(int8_t); // div by 1
constexpr int storage_values = 16 / sizeof(__half2);
const int block_offset = tb.group_index().x * elems_per_out_group;
const int elem_offset = tb.thread_index().x * elems_per_load;
const int base_offset = block_offset + elem_offset;
const int stride = tb.group_dim().x * elems_per_load;
__half2 local_buffer[totalChunks * storage_values];
quantize::GroupStats<quantType> stats;
#pragma unroll
for (int i = 0; i < totalChunks; i++) {
__half2* iteration_buffer = local_buffer + i * storage_values;
#pragma unroll
for (int j = 0; j < storage_values; j++) {
iteration_buffer[j] = reduce::init<rop::Add, __half2>();
}
const int iter_offset = i * stride + base_offset;
const int iter_scale_idx = iter_offset / elems_per_in_group;
bool do_loads = i * stride + elem_offset < elems_per_out_group;
if (numTensors > 0) {
#pragma unroll
for (int j = 0; j < numTensors; j++) {
if (do_loads) {
int8_t load_buffer[elems_per_load];
mem_access::load_global<mem_granularity>(
load_buffer, input_data + j * elems_per_in_tensor + iter_offset);
quantize::Params<quantType, numBits> params(
input_scales + j * groups_per_in_tensor, iter_scale_idx);
__half2 dequant_buffer[storage_values];
dequantize::chunk<numBits, quantType>(dequant_buffer, load_buffer, params);
#pragma unroll
for (int k = 0; k < storage_values; k++) {
iteration_buffer[k] =
reduce::element<rop::Add>(iteration_buffer[k], dequant_buffer[k]);
}
}
}
} else {
#pragma unroll 4
for (int j = 0; j < num_tensors; j++) {
if (do_loads) {
int8_t load_buffer[elems_per_load];
mem_access::load_global<mem_granularity>(
load_buffer, input_data + j * elems_per_in_tensor + iter_offset);
quantize::Params<quantType, numBits> params(
input_scales + j * groups_per_in_tensor, iter_scale_idx);
__half2 dequant_buffer[storage_values];
dequantize::chunk<numBits, quantType>(dequant_buffer, load_buffer, params);
#pragma unroll
for (int k = 0; k < storage_values; k++) {
iteration_buffer[k] =
reduce::element<rop::Add>(iteration_buffer[k], dequant_buffer[k]);
}
}
}
}
#pragma unroll
for (int j = 0; j < storage_values; j++) { stats.update(iteration_buffer[j]); }
}
auto params = stats.template get_params<numBits, 1024>(tb, warp);
if (tb.thread_index().x == 0) { params.store(reduced_scales, tb.group_index().x); }
#pragma unroll
for (int i = 0; i < totalChunks; i++) {
const int iter_offset = i * stride + base_offset;
if (i * stride + elem_offset < elems_per_out_group) {
int8_t local_output[elems_per_load];
quantize::_chunk<numBits, quantType>(
local_output, local_buffer + i * storage_values, params);
mem_access::store_global<mem_granularity>(reduced_data + iter_offset, local_output);
}
}
}
template <int Power>
int32_t pow2_round(int32_t raw_value)
{
return (((raw_value - 1) >> Power) + 1) << Power;
}
#define LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE(num_chunks) \
dequant_reduce<numBits, numTensors, num_chunks, quantType> \
<<<grid, block, 0, stream>>>(reduced_data, \
reduced_scales, \
input_data, \
input_scales, \
elems_per_out_group, \
elems_per_in_tensor, \
groups_per_in_tensor, \
elems_per_in_group, \
num_tensors);
template <int numBits, int numTensors, quantize::Type quantType>
void launch_dequant_reduce_impl(int8_t* reduced_data,
float* reduced_scales,
const int8_t* input_data,
const float* input_scales,
int out_groups,
int elems_per_out_group,
int elems_per_in_tensor,
int groups_per_in_tensor,
int elems_per_in_group,
int num_tensors,
cudaStream_t stream)
{
// This is a coincidence. This is derived by 8 halves per 16 bytes with 2-way packing for int4
constexpr int elems_per_thread = numBits;
const int one_step_threads =
next_pow2((elems_per_out_group + elems_per_thread - 1) / (elems_per_thread));
// TODO(cmikeh2): Tune this
const int threads = (one_step_threads < 1024) ? one_step_threads : 1024;
dim3 block(threads);
dim3 grid(out_groups);
const int elems_per_step = threads * elems_per_thread;
const int unroll_raw = (elems_per_out_group + elems_per_step - 1) / elems_per_step;
const int unroll = (unroll_raw >= 4) ? pow2_round<1>(unroll_raw) : unroll_raw;
if (unroll == 1) {
// 0-4096 elems
LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE(1);
} else if (unroll == 2) {
// 4097-8192 etc...
LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE(2);
} else if (unroll == 3) {
LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE(3);
} else if (unroll == 4) {
LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE(4);
} else if (unroll == 6) {
LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE(6);
} else if (unroll == 8) {
LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE(8);
} else if (unroll == 10) {
LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE(10);
} else if (unroll == 12) {
// 48k limit
LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE(12);
} else {
assert(false);
}
}
#define LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(NUM_BITS, NUM_GPUS, QUANT_TYPE) \
launch_dequant_reduce_impl<NUM_BITS, NUM_GPUS, QUANT_TYPE>(reduced_data, \
reduced_scales, \
input_data, \
input_scales, \
out_groups, \
elems_per_out_group, \
elems_per_in_tensor, \
groups_per_in_tensor, \
elems_per_in_group, \
num_gpus, \
stream);
void launch_dequant_reduce(int8_t* reduced_data,
float* reduced_scales,
const int8_t* input_data,
const float* input_scales,
int num_gpus,
int num_bits,
quantize::Type quant_type,
int out_groups,
int elems_per_out_group,
int elems_per_in_tensor,
int groups_per_in_tensor,
int elems_per_in_group,
cudaStream_t stream)
{
if (quant_type == quantize::Type::Symmetric) {
if (num_bits == 4) {
if (num_gpus == 8) {
LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(4, 8, quantize::Type::Symmetric);
} else if (num_gpus == 16) {
LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(4, 16, quantize::Type::Symmetric);
} else {
LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(4, -1, quantize::Type::Symmetric);
}
} else if (num_bits == 8) {
if (num_gpus == 8) {
LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(8, 8, quantize::Type::Symmetric);
} else if (num_gpus == 16) {
LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(8, 16, quantize::Type::Symmetric);
} else {
LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(8, -1, quantize::Type::Symmetric);
}
}
} else if (quant_type == quantize::Type::Asymmetric) {
if (num_bits == 4) {
if (num_gpus == 8) {
LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(4, 8, quantize::Type::Asymmetric);
} else if (num_gpus == 16) {
LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(4, 16, quantize::Type::Asymmetric);
} else {
LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(4, -1, quantize::Type::Asymmetric);
}
} else if (num_bits == 8) {
if (num_gpus == 8) {
LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(8, 8, quantize::Type::Asymmetric);
} else if (num_gpus == 16) {
LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(8, 16, quantize::Type::Asymmetric);
} else {
LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(8, -1, quantize::Type::Asymmetric);
}
}
}
}
/*
Modified loco_dequant_reduce function that performs dequantization and reduction,
and incorporates error-feedback by updating the error_feedback tensor in-place.
*/
template <int numBits, int numTensors, int totalChunks, quantize::Type quantType>
__global__ void __launch_bounds__(1024) loco_dequant_reduce(int8_t* reduced_data,
float* reduced_scales,
const int8_t* input_data,
const float* input_scales,
int elems_per_out_group,
int elems_per_in_tensor,
int groups_per_in_tensor,
int elems_per_in_group,
int num_tensors,
__half2* error_feedback,
const float err_beta)
{
cg::thread_block tb = cg::this_thread_block();
cg::thread_block_tile<hw_warp_size> warp = cg::tiled_partition<hw_warp_size>(tb);
constexpr int mem_granularity = (numBits == 8) ? 8 : 4;
constexpr int elems_per_load = mem_granularity / sizeof(int8_t);
constexpr int storage_values = 16 / sizeof(__half2);
const int block_offset = tb.group_index().x * elems_per_out_group;
const int elem_offset = tb.thread_index().x * elems_per_load;
const int base_offset = block_offset + elem_offset;
const int stride = tb.group_dim().x * elems_per_load;
constexpr int scaling_factor = elems_per_load / storage_values;
const int block_offset_err = block_offset / scaling_factor;
const int elem_offset_err = tb.thread_index().x * storage_values;
const int base_offset_err = block_offset_err + elem_offset_err;
const int stride_err = tb.group_dim().x * storage_values;
__half2 local_buffer[totalChunks * storage_values];
__half2 err_buffer[totalChunks * storage_values];
quantize::GroupStats<quantType> stats;
#pragma unroll
for (int i = 0; i < totalChunks; i++) {
__half2* iteration_buffer = local_buffer + i * storage_values;
__half2* iter_err_buffer = err_buffer + i * storage_values;
#pragma unroll
for (int j = 0; j < storage_values; j++) {
iteration_buffer[j] = reduce::init<rop::Add, __half2>();
}
const int iter_offset = i * stride + base_offset;
const int iter_offset_err = i * stride_err + base_offset_err;
const int iter_scale_idx = iter_offset / elems_per_in_group;
bool do_loads = i * stride + elem_offset < elems_per_out_group;
if (numTensors > 0) {
#pragma unroll
for (int j = 0; j < numTensors; j++) {
if (do_loads) {
int8_t load_buffer[elems_per_load];
mem_access::load_global<mem_granularity>(
load_buffer, input_data + j * elems_per_in_tensor + iter_offset);
quantize::Params<quantType, numBits> params(
input_scales + j * groups_per_in_tensor, iter_scale_idx);
__half2 dequant_buffer[storage_values];
dequantize::chunk<numBits, quantType>(dequant_buffer, load_buffer, params);
#pragma unroll
for (int k = 0; k < storage_values; k++) {
iteration_buffer[k] =
reduce::element<rop::Add>(iteration_buffer[k], dequant_buffer[k]);
}
}
}
} else {
#pragma unroll 4
for (int j = 0; j < num_tensors; j++) {
if (do_loads) {
int8_t load_buffer[elems_per_load];
mem_access::load_global<mem_granularity>(
load_buffer, input_data + j * elems_per_in_tensor + iter_offset);
quantize::Params<quantType, numBits> params(
input_scales + j * groups_per_in_tensor, iter_scale_idx);
__half2 dequant_buffer[storage_values];
dequantize::chunk<numBits, quantType>(dequant_buffer, load_buffer, params);
#pragma unroll
for (int k = 0; k < storage_values; k++) {
iteration_buffer[k] =
reduce::element<rop::Add>(iteration_buffer[k], dequant_buffer[k]);
}
}
}
}
mem_access::load_global<quantize::granularity>(
iter_err_buffer, error_feedback + iter_offset_err, do_loads);
#pragma unroll
for (int k = 0; k < storage_values; k++) {
iteration_buffer[k] = __hadd2(iteration_buffer[k], iter_err_buffer[k]);
stats.update(iteration_buffer[k]);
}
}
auto params = stats.template get_params<numBits, 1024>(tb, warp);
// Initialize dequantization parameters based on params
auto de_params = params;
de_params.scale = 1.0f / params.scale;
if constexpr (quantType == quantize::Type::Asymmetric) { de_params.offset = params.offset; }
if (tb.thread_index().x == 0) { params.store(reduced_scales, tb.group_index().x); }
#pragma unroll
for (int i = 0; i < totalChunks; i++) {
const int iter_offset = i * stride + base_offset;
const int iter_offset_err = i * stride_err + base_offset_err;
__half2* iteration_buffer = local_buffer + i * storage_values;
__half2* iter_err_buffer = err_buffer + i * storage_values;
if (i * stride + elem_offset < elems_per_out_group) {
// ----------- Begin Error-Feedback Modification -----------
int8_t local_output[elems_per_load];
quantize::_chunk<numBits, quantType>(local_output, iteration_buffer, params);
mem_access::store_global<mem_granularity>(reduced_data + iter_offset, local_output);
// Dequantize the quantized output to compute the dequantized value
__half2 dequant_buffer[storage_values];
dequantize::chunk<numBits, quantType>(dequant_buffer, local_output, de_params);
#pragma unroll
for (int k = 0; k < storage_values; k++) {
// __half2 to float2
float2 iter_buf_f = __half22float2(iteration_buffer[k]);
float2 dequant_buf_f = __half22float2(dequant_buffer[k]);
// Update within float precision
float2 new_error_f;
new_error_f.x = iter_buf_f.x - dequant_buf_f.x;
new_error_f.y = iter_buf_f.y - dequant_buf_f.y;
float2 iter_err_buf_f = __half22float2(iter_err_buffer[k]);
iter_err_buf_f.x = err_beta * iter_err_buf_f.x + (1.0f - err_beta) * new_error_f.x;
iter_err_buf_f.y = err_beta * iter_err_buf_f.y + (1.0f - err_beta) * new_error_f.y;
// float2 back to __half2
iter_err_buffer[k] = __float22half2_rn(iter_err_buf_f);
}
mem_access::store_global<quantize::granularity>(error_feedback + iter_offset_err,
iter_err_buffer);
}
}
}
#define LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE(num_chunks) \
loco_dequant_reduce<numBits, numTensors, num_chunks, quantType> \
<<<grid, block, 0, stream>>>(reduced_data, \
reduced_scales, \
input_data, \
input_scales, \
elems_per_out_group, \
elems_per_in_tensor, \
groups_per_in_tensor, \
elems_per_in_group, \
num_tensors, \
error_feedback, \
err_beta);
template <int numBits, int numTensors, quantize::Type quantType>
void launch_loco_dequant_reduce_impl(int8_t* reduced_data,
float* reduced_scales,
const int8_t* input_data,
const float* input_scales,
int out_groups,
int elems_per_out_group,
int elems_per_in_tensor,
int groups_per_in_tensor,
int elems_per_in_group,
int num_tensors,
__half2* error_feedback,
const float err_beta,
cudaStream_t stream)
{
constexpr int elems_per_thread = numBits;
const int one_step_threads =
next_pow2((elems_per_out_group + elems_per_thread - 1) / (elems_per_thread));
const int threads = (one_step_threads < 1024) ? one_step_threads : 1024;
dim3 block(threads);
dim3 grid(out_groups);
const int elems_per_step = threads * elems_per_thread;
const int unroll_raw = (elems_per_out_group + elems_per_step - 1) / elems_per_step;
const int unroll = (unroll_raw >= 4) ? pow2_round<1>(unroll_raw) : unroll_raw;
if (unroll == 1) {
LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE(1);
} else if (unroll == 2) {
LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE(2);
} else if (unroll == 3) {
LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE(3);
} else if (unroll == 4) {
LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE(4);
} else if (unroll == 6) {
LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE(6);
} else if (unroll == 8) {
LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE(8);
} else if (unroll == 10) {
LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE(10);
} else if (unroll == 12) {
LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE(12);
} else {
assert(false);
}
}
#define LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(NUM_BITS, NUM_GPUS, QUANT_TYPE) \
launch_loco_dequant_reduce_impl<NUM_BITS, NUM_GPUS, QUANT_TYPE>(reduced_data, \
reduced_scales, \
input_data, \
input_scales, \
out_groups, \
elems_per_out_group, \
elems_per_in_tensor, \
groups_per_in_tensor, \
elems_per_in_group, \
num_gpus, \
error_feedback, \
err_beta, \
stream);
void launch_loco_dequant_reduce(int8_t* reduced_data,
float* reduced_scales,
const int8_t* input_data,
const float* input_scales,
int num_gpus,
int num_bits,
quantize::Type quant_type,
int out_groups,
int elems_per_out_group,
int elems_per_in_tensor,
int groups_per_in_tensor,
int elems_per_in_group,
__half2* error_feedback,
const float err_beta,
cudaStream_t stream)
{
if (quant_type == quantize::Type::Symmetric) {
if (num_bits == 4) {
if (num_gpus == 8) {
LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(4, 8, quantize::Type::Symmetric);
} else if (num_gpus == 16) {
LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(4, 16, quantize::Type::Symmetric);
} else {
LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(4, -1, quantize::Type::Symmetric);
}
} else if (num_bits == 8) {
if (num_gpus == 8) {
LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(8, 8, quantize::Type::Symmetric);
} else if (num_gpus == 16) {
LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(8, 16, quantize::Type::Symmetric);
} else {
LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(8, -1, quantize::Type::Symmetric);
}
}
} else if (quant_type == quantize::Type::Asymmetric) {
if (num_bits == 4) {
if (num_gpus == 8) {
LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(4, 8, quantize::Type::Asymmetric);
} else if (num_gpus == 16) {
LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(4, 16, quantize::Type::Asymmetric);
} else {
LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(4, -1, quantize::Type::Asymmetric);
}
} else if (num_bits == 8) {
if (num_gpus == 8) {
LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(8, 8, quantize::Type::Asymmetric);
} else if (num_gpus == 16) {
LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(8, 16, quantize::Type::Asymmetric);
} else {
LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(8, -1, quantize::Type::Asymmetric);
}
}
}
}