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deeplearning4j--deeplearning4j/libnd4j/include/ops/declarable/generic/loss/hingeLoss.cpp
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2026-07-13 12:47:05 +08:00

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/* ******************************************************************************
*
*
* This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
* terms of the Apache License, Version 2.0 which is available at
* https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
*
* See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional
* information regarding copyright ownership.
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*
* SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
******************************************************************************/
//
// @author Yurii Shyrma (iuriish@yahoo.com), created on 23.11.2017
//
#include <system/op_boilerplate.h>
#if NOT_EXCLUDED(OP_hinge_loss)
#include <ops/declarable/CustomOperations.h>
namespace sd {
namespace ops {
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
CUSTOM_OP_IMPL(hinge_loss, 3, 1, false, 0, 1) {
auto logits = INPUT_VARIABLE(0);
auto weights = INPUT_VARIABLE(1);
auto labels = INPUT_VARIABLE(2);
auto output = OUTPUT_VARIABLE(0);
int reductionMode =
INT_ARG(0); // 0 - "none"; 1 - "weighted_sum"; 2 - "weighted_mean"; 3 - "weighted_sum_by_nonzero_weights"
// input validation
REQUIRE_TRUE(labels->isSameShape(logits), 0,
"HINGE_LOSS OP: labels and logits arrays must have the same shapes, but got %s and %s correspondingly !",
ShapeUtils::shapeAsString(labels).c_str(), ShapeUtils::shapeAsString(logits).c_str());
// weights array can be single scalar or has the same rank as labels, and must be broadcastable to labels
REQUIRE_TRUE(weights->isScalar() || weights->rankOf() == labels->rankOf(), 0,
"HINGE_LOSS OP: weights array should be scalar or have the same rank as labels array, but "
"got %i and %i correspondingly!",
weights->rankOf(), labels->rankOf());
// check whether broadcast operation is possible for weights array
REQUIRE_TRUE(weights->isScalar() || ShapeUtils::areShapesBroadcastable(*weights, *labels), 0,
"HINGE_LOSS OP: shapes of weights and labels arrays should be broadcastable, but got "
"weights = %s and labels = %s instead!",
ShapeUtils::shapeAsString(weights).c_str(), ShapeUtils::shapeAsString(labels).c_str());
// only 4 possible reduction modes exist
REQUIRE_TRUE(
reductionMode == 0 || reductionMode == 1 || reductionMode == 2 || reductionMode == 3, 0,
"HINGE_LOSS OP: reduction mode value is not acceptable, possible values are 0, 1, 2, 3, "
"but got %i instead!",
reductionMode);
// perform weights broadcasting/tile to logits if needed
auto weightsBroad = weights;
if (!weights->isScalar() && !weights->isSameShape(logits))
weightsBroad = new NDArray(weights->tileToShape(logits->shapeInfo()));
// We first need to convert binary labels to -1/1 labels (as floats)
NDArray* labelsScaled = (*labels) * 2.f;
NDArray* labelsTransformed = (*labelsScaled) - 1.f;
delete labelsScaled;
NDArray* logitsScaled = (*labelsTransformed) * (*logits);
delete labelsTransformed;
NDArray* E = 1.f - (*logitsScaled);
delete logitsScaled;
E->applyScalar(scalar::RELU, 0.0f, E);
// multiply E on weights
NDArray* EWeighted = (*E) * (*weightsBroad);
switch (reductionMode) {
case 0: { // 0 - "none", un-reduced weighted losses with the same shape as labels.
output->assign(EWeighted);
break;
}
case 1: { // 1 - "weighted_sum", output is scalar and equal to sum of all elements of E array
auto* sumResult = EWeighted->reduceNumber(reduce::Sum);
output->assign(sumResult);
delete sumResult;
break;
}
case 2: { // 2 - "weighted_mean", output is scalar and equal to sum of all elements of E array divided by sum of
// all elements of weightsBroad array
NDArray* sum;
if (weights->isScalar()) {
sum = (*weights) * EWeighted->lengthOf();
} else {
sum = weightsBroad->reduceNumber(reduce::Sum);
}
if (sum->e<double>(0) == 0.) {
*output = 0.;
} else {
auto* sumE = EWeighted->reduceNumber(reduce::Sum);
auto* result = (*sumE) / (*sum);
output->assign(result);
delete result;
delete sumE;
}
delete sum;
break;
}
case 3: { // 3 - "weighted_sum_by_nonzero_weights", output is scalar and equal to scalar sum of all elements of E
// array divided by number of non-zero weights
LongType numOfNonZeroWeights = 0;
if (weights->isScalar()) {
if (weights->e<double>(0) != 0.) numOfNonZeroWeights = EWeighted->lengthOf();
} else {
auto* countResult = weightsBroad->reduceNumber(reduce::CountNonZero);
numOfNonZeroWeights = countResult->e<LongType>(0);
delete countResult;
}
if (numOfNonZeroWeights == 0) {
(*output) = 0.;
} else {
auto* sumE = EWeighted->reduceNumber(reduce::Sum);
auto* result = (*sumE) / numOfNonZeroWeights;
output->assign(result);
delete result;
delete sumE;
}
break;
}
}
delete EWeighted;
delete E;
if (weightsBroad != weights) delete weightsBroad;
return Status::OK;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
DECLARE_TYPES(hinge_loss) {
getOpDescriptor()->setAllowedInputTypes(ANY)->setAllowedOutputTypes({ALL_FLOATS});
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
DECLARE_SHAPE_FN(hinge_loss) {
auto logitsShapeInfo = inputShape->at(0);
auto weightsShapeInfo = inputShape->at(1);
auto labelsShapeInfo = inputShape->at(2);
// labels and predictions must have the same shapes
REQUIRE_TRUE(
shape::shapeEquals(labelsShapeInfo, logitsShapeInfo), 0,
"HINGE_LOSS OP: labels and predictions arrays must have the same shapes, but got %s and %s correspondingly !",
ShapeUtils::shapeAsString(labelsShapeInfo).c_str(), ShapeUtils::shapeAsString(logitsShapeInfo).c_str());
// weights array can be single scalar or has the same rank as labels, and must be broadcastable to labels
REQUIRE_TRUE(shape::isScalar(weightsShapeInfo) || shape::rank(weightsShapeInfo) == shape::rank(labelsShapeInfo), 0,
"HINGE_LOSS OP: weights array should be scalar or have the same rank as labels array, but got %i and %i "
"correspondingly!",
shape::rank(weightsShapeInfo), shape::rank(labelsShapeInfo));
// check whether broadcast operation is possible for weights array
REQUIRE_TRUE(
shape::isScalar(weightsShapeInfo) || ShapeUtils::areShapesBroadcastable(weightsShapeInfo, labelsShapeInfo), 0,
"HINGE_LOSS OP: shapes of weights and labels arrays should be broadcastable, but got weights = %s and labels = "
"%s instead!",
ShapeUtils::shapeAsString(weightsShapeInfo).c_str(), ShapeUtils::shapeAsString(labelsShapeInfo).c_str());
DataType outType = DataTypeUtils::pickFloatingType(ArrayOptions::dataType(logitsShapeInfo));
LongType *outShapeInfo = nullptr;
if (INT_ARG(0) != 0) // in this case output is scalar
outShapeInfo = ConstantShapeHelper::getInstance().scalarShapeInfo(outType);
else { // in this case output has the same shape as labels and predictions
outShapeInfo = ConstantShapeHelper::getInstance().bufferForShapeInfo(outType, shape::order(labelsShapeInfo),
shape::rank(labelsShapeInfo),
shape::shapeOf(labelsShapeInfo))->primary();
}
return SHAPELIST(outShapeInfo);
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
CUSTOM_OP_IMPL(hinge_loss_grad, 3, 3, false, 0, 1) {
auto logits = INPUT_VARIABLE(0);
auto weights = INPUT_VARIABLE(1);
auto labels = INPUT_VARIABLE(2);
auto dLdp = OUTPUT_VARIABLE(0); // dL/dpredictions
auto dLdw = OUTPUT_VARIABLE(1); // dL/dweights
auto dLdl = OUTPUT_VARIABLE(2); // dL/dlabels
int reductionMode =
INT_ARG(0); // 0 - "none"; 1 - "weighted_sum"; 2 - "weighted_mean"; 3 - "weighted_sum_by_nonzero_weights"
// take into account Alex's proposition to treat "none" the same as "weighted_sum" mode when calculating gradients
if (reductionMode == 0) reductionMode = 1;
// inputs validation
REQUIRE_TRUE(
labels->isSameShape(logits), 0,
"HINGE_LOSS_GRAD OP: labels and logits arrays must have the same shapes, but got %s and %s correspondingly !",
ShapeUtils::shapeAsString(labels).c_str(), ShapeUtils::shapeAsString(logits).c_str());
// weights array can be single scalar or has the same rank as labels, and must be broadcastable to labels
REQUIRE_TRUE(weights->isScalar() || weights->rankOf() == labels->rankOf(), 0,
"HINGE_LOSS_GRAD OP: weights array should be scalar or have the same rank as labels array, but got %i "
"and %i correspondingly!",
weights->rankOf(), labels->rankOf());
// check whether broadcast operation is possible for weights array
REQUIRE_TRUE(weights->isScalar() || ShapeUtils::areShapesBroadcastable(*weights, *labels), 0,
"HINGE_LOSS_GRAD OP: shapes of weights and labels arrays should be broadcastable, but got weights = %s "
"and labels = %s instead!",
ShapeUtils::shapeAsString(weights).c_str(), ShapeUtils::shapeAsString(labels).c_str());
// only 4 possible reduction modes exist
REQUIRE_TRUE(
reductionMode == 0 || reductionMode == 1 || reductionMode == 2 || reductionMode == 3, 0,
"HINGE_LOSS_GRAD OP: reduction mode value is not acceptable, possible values are 0, 1, 2, 3, but got %i instead!",
reductionMode);
// perform weights broadcasting/tile to labels if needed
auto weightsBroad = weights;
if (!weights->isScalar() && !weights->isSameShape(logits))
weightsBroad = new NDArray(weights->tileToShape(logits->shapeInfo()));
// We first need to convert binary labels to -1/1 labels (as floats)
NDArray* labelsScaled = (*labels) * 2.f;
NDArray* z = (*labelsScaled) - 1.f;
delete labelsScaled;
NDArray* logitsScaled = (*z) * (*logits);
NDArray* E = 1.f - (*logitsScaled);
delete logitsScaled;
E->applyScalar(scalar::RELU, 0.0f, E);
// turn E into gradient mask
NDArray gradientMask(E->shapeInfo(), block.getWorkspace());
E->applyTransform(transform::Sign, &gradientMask);
// For dLdp
NDArray negZ = -(*z);
NDArray* dLdpTemp = negZ * gradientMask;
dLdp->assign(dLdpTemp);
delete dLdpTemp;
// For dLdl
NDArray* logitsScaled2 = (*logits) * 2.f;
NDArray* dLdlTemp = (*logitsScaled2) * gradientMask;
delete logitsScaled2;
NDArray dLdlNeg = -(*dLdlTemp);
dLdl->assign(&dLdlNeg);
delete dLdlTemp;
switch (reductionMode) {
case 1: { // 1 - "none" and "weighted_sum", output is scalar and equal to sum of all elements of E array
NDArray* dLdpWeighted = (*dLdp) * (*weightsBroad);
dLdp->assign(dLdpWeighted);
delete dLdpWeighted;
NDArray* dLdlWeighted = (*dLdl) * (*weightsBroad);
dLdl->assign(dLdlWeighted);
delete dLdlWeighted;
if (weights->isScalar()) {
auto* sumE = E->reduceNumber(reduce::Sum);
dLdw->assign(sumE);
delete sumE;
} else if (weights != weightsBroad) {
std::vector<LongType> axesToReduceAlong =
ShapeUtils::evalBroadcastBackwardAxis(weights->shapeInfo(), weightsBroad->shapeInfo());
E->reduceAlongDimension(reduce::Sum, dLdw, &axesToReduceAlong, true);
} else
dLdw->assign(E);
break;
}
case 2: { // 2 - "weighted_mean", output is scalar and equal to sum of all elements of E array divided by sum of
// all elements of weightsBroad array
NDArray* sum;
if (weights->isScalar()) {
sum = (*weights) * E->lengthOf();
} else {
sum = weightsBroad->reduceNumber(reduce::Sum);
}
if (sum->e<double>(0) == 0.) {
*dLdp = 0.;
*dLdl = 0.;
*dLdw = 0.;
} else {
NDArray* weightsDivSum = (*weightsBroad) / (*sum);
NDArray* dLdpResult = (*dLdp) * (*weightsDivSum);
dLdp->assign(dLdpResult);
delete dLdpResult;
NDArray* dLdlResult = (*dLdl) * (*weightsDivSum);
dLdl->assign(dLdlResult);
delete dLdlResult;
delete weightsDivSum;
if (weights->isScalar()) {
*dLdw = 0.;
} else if (weights != weightsBroad) {
std::vector<LongType> axesToReduceAlong =
ShapeUtils::evalBroadcastBackwardAxis(weights->shapeInfo(), weightsBroad->shapeInfo());
NDArray* EWeighted = (*E) * (*weightsBroad);
NDArray* EWeightedSum = EWeighted->reduceNumber(reduce::Sum);
delete EWeighted;
NDArray* ESum = (*E) * (*sum);
NDArray* numerator = (*ESum) - (*EWeightedSum);
delete ESum;
delete EWeightedSum;
NDArray* sumSquared = (*sum) * (*sum);
NDArray* gradTemp = (*numerator) / (*sumSquared);
delete numerator;
delete sumSquared;
gradTemp->reduceAlongDimension(reduce::Sum, dLdw, &axesToReduceAlong, true);
delete gradTemp;
} else {
NDArray* EWeighted = (*E) * (*weightsBroad);
NDArray* EWeightedSum = EWeighted->reduceNumber(reduce::Sum);
delete EWeighted;
NDArray* ESum = (*E) * (*sum);
NDArray* numerator = (*ESum) - (*EWeightedSum);
delete ESum;
delete EWeightedSum;
NDArray* sumSquared = (*sum) * (*sum);
NDArray* gradTemp = (*numerator) / (*sumSquared);
delete numerator;
delete sumSquared;
dLdw->assign(gradTemp);
delete gradTemp;
}
}
delete sum;
break;
}
case 3: { // 3 - "weighted_sum_by_nonzero_weights", output is scalar and equal to scalar sum of all elements of E
// array divided by number of non-zero weights
LongType numOfNonZeroWeights = 0;
if (weights->isScalar()) {
if (weights->e<double>(0) != 0.) numOfNonZeroWeights = E->lengthOf();
} else {
auto* countResult = weightsBroad->reduceNumber(reduce::CountNonZero);
numOfNonZeroWeights = countResult->e<LongType>(0);
delete countResult;
}
if (numOfNonZeroWeights == 0) {
*dLdp = 0.;
*dLdl = 0.;
*dLdw = 0.;
} else {
auto* numOfNonZeroWeightsScalar =
NDArrayFactory::create(dLdw->dataType(), numOfNonZeroWeights, block.launchContext());
if (weights->isScalar()) {
auto* sumE = E->reduceNumber(reduce::Sum);
auto* result = (*sumE) / double(numOfNonZeroWeights);
dLdw->assign(result);
delete result;
delete sumE;
} else if (weights != weightsBroad) {
std::vector<LongType> axesToReduceAlong =
ShapeUtils::evalBroadcastBackwardAxis(weights->shapeInfo(), weightsBroad->shapeInfo());
E->reduceAlongDimension(reduce::Sum, dLdw, &axesToReduceAlong, true);
NDArray* dLdwResult = (*dLdw) / (*numOfNonZeroWeightsScalar);
dLdw->assign(dLdwResult);
delete dLdwResult;
} else {
auto* result = (*E) / (*numOfNonZeroWeightsScalar);
dLdw->assign(result);
delete result;
}
NDArray* temp = (*weightsBroad) / (*numOfNonZeroWeightsScalar);
NDArray* dLdpResult = (*dLdp) * (*temp);
dLdp->assign(dLdpResult);
delete dLdpResult;
NDArray* dLdlResult = (*dLdl) * (*temp);
dLdl->assign(dLdlResult);
delete dLdlResult;
delete temp;
delete numOfNonZeroWeightsScalar;
}
break;
}
}
delete E;
delete z;
if (weightsBroad != weights) delete weightsBroad;
return Status::OK;
}
DECLARE_TYPES(hinge_loss_grad) {
getOpDescriptor()->setAllowedInputTypes(ANY)->setAllowedOutputTypes({ALL_FLOATS});
}
DECLARE_SHAPE_FN(hinge_loss_grad) {
auto predictionsShapeInfo = inputShape->at(0);
auto weightsShapeInfo = inputShape->at(1);
auto labelsShapeInfo = inputShape->at(2);
// labels and predictions must have the same shapes
REQUIRE_TRUE(shape::shapeEquals(labelsShapeInfo, predictionsShapeInfo), 0,
"HINGE_LOSS_GRAD OP: labels and predictions arrays must have the same shapes, but got %s and %s "
"correspondingly !",
ShapeUtils::shapeAsString(labelsShapeInfo).c_str(),
ShapeUtils::shapeAsString(predictionsShapeInfo).c_str());
// weights array can be single scalar or has the same rank as labels, and must be broadcastable to labels
REQUIRE_TRUE(shape::isScalar(weightsShapeInfo) || shape::rank(weightsShapeInfo) == shape::rank(labelsShapeInfo), 0,
"HINGE_LOSS_GRAD OP: weights array should be scalar or have the same rank as labels array, but got %i "
"and %i correspondingly!",
shape::rank(weightsShapeInfo), shape::rank(labelsShapeInfo));
// check whether broadcast operation is possible for weights array
REQUIRE_TRUE(
shape::isScalar(weightsShapeInfo) || ShapeUtils::areShapesBroadcastable(weightsShapeInfo, labelsShapeInfo), 0,
"HINGE_LOSS_GRAD OP: shapes of weights and labels arrays should be broadcastable, but got weights = %s and "
"labels = %s instead!",
ShapeUtils::shapeAsString(weightsShapeInfo).c_str(), ShapeUtils::shapeAsString(labelsShapeInfo).c_str());
DataType outType = DataTypeUtils::pickFloatingType(ArrayOptions::dataType(predictionsShapeInfo));
LongType *dLdpShapeInfo =
ShapeBuilders::copyShapeInfoAndType(predictionsShapeInfo, outType, false, block.getWorkspace());
LongType *dLdwShapeInfo = ShapeBuilders::copyShapeInfoAndType(weightsShapeInfo, outType, false, block.getWorkspace());
LongType *dLdlShapeInfo =
ShapeBuilders::copyShapeInfoAndType(labelsShapeInfo, outType, false, block.getWorkspace());
return SHAPELIST(dLdpShapeInfo, dLdwShapeInfo, dLdlShapeInfo);
}
} // namespace ops
} // namespace sd
#endif