chore: import upstream snapshot with attribution
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wehub-resource-sync
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# CopilotKit Architecture Guide
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CopilotKit lets you add AI agents to your app. You write hooks (React/Angular) or use the core API (vanilla JS), CopilotKit handles the rest — connecting your UI to any AI agent framework.
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---
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## The 30-Second Version
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```mermaid
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graph TB
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subgraph Your App
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A[React / Angular / Vanilla JS]
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end
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subgraph Your Server
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B[CopilotKit Runtime]
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end
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subgraph Any Agent Framework
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C[LangGraph / CrewAI / Mastra / Custom]
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end
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A -->|HTTP POST| B
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B -->|AG-UI Events| C
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C -->|AG-UI Events| B
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B -->|SSE Stream| A
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```
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That's it. Your app talks to a runtime on your server. The runtime talks to an AI agent. They communicate using **AG-UI** — an event-based protocol (think: "text is streaming", "agent wants to call a tool", "state changed").
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---
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## The Three Layers
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### Layer 1: Frontend (your app)
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You use hooks/services to wire up your app — registering tools agents can call, providing context, and getting agent instances.
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### Layer 2: Runtime (your server)
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A few lines create the backend that receives requests from the frontend, runs agents, and streams events back.
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### Layer 3: Agent (any framework)
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The agent is anything that speaks AG-UI protocol. CopilotKit has integrations for 13+ frameworks, or you build your own.
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---
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## How a Message Flows Through the System
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```mermaid
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sequenceDiagram
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participant User
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participant App as Your App
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participant Core as CopilotKitCore
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participant Runtime as CopilotRuntime
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participant Agent as AI Agent
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Note over App: Setup (on mount)
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App->>Core: Provider creates Core
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Core->>Runtime: GET /info (fetch agent list)
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Runtime-->>Core: [{ name, description }]
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App->>Core: Hooks register tools + context
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Note over User: User sends message
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User->>App: Types message, hits send
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App->>Core: Gets agent instance
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Core->>Runtime: POST /agent/{id}/run
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Runtime->>Agent: AgentRunner.run()
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Note over Agent: Events stream back
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Agent-->>Runtime: TEXT_MESSAGE_START
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Agent-->>Runtime: TEXT_MESSAGE_CONTENT (streaming)
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Agent-->>Runtime: TEXT_MESSAGE_END
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Runtime-->>Core: SSE event stream
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Core-->>App: Subscribers fire, UI re-renders
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App-->>User: Chat shows streaming response
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Note over Agent: Tool call (optional)
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Agent-->>Runtime: TOOL_CALL_START + ARGS
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Runtime-->>Core: SSE events
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Core->>Core: Execute frontend tool
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Core-->>Runtime: TOOL_CALL_RESULT
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Runtime->>Agent: Agent continues
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Agent-->>Runtime: RUN_FINISHED
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```
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---
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## Guides
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| Guide | What you'll learn |
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| ------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------- |
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| [React Setup](setup-react.md) | Provider, hooks, chat UI — full React integration |
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| [Angular Setup](setup-angular.md) | DI tokens, services, signals — full Angular integration |
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| [Vanilla JS Setup](setup-vanilla.md) | CopilotKitCore API without any framework |
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| [Runtime / Backend](setup-runtime.md) | Express/Hono endpoints, agents, runners, middleware |
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| [Multi-Agent Patterns](multi-agent.md) | Multiple agents, routing, agent-specific tools |
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| [Pluggable Architecture](plugin-points.md) | Every optional extension point with diagrams |
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---
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## Package Dependency Map
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```mermaid
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graph BT
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subgraph AG-UI Protocol
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core["@ag-ui/core<br/><i>Types + Event schemas</i>"]
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client["@ag-ui/client<br/><i>AbstractAgent, HttpAgent, Middleware</i>"]
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encoder["@ag-ui/encoder<br/><i>SSE / Binary / Protobuf encoding</i>"]
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client --> core
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encoder --> core
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end
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subgraph CopilotKit Packages
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shared["@copilotkit/shared<br/><i>Utils, types, constants</i>"]
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core["@copilotkit/core<br/><i>CopilotKitCore orchestrator</i>"]
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reactcore["@copilotkit/react-core<br/><i>Provider + hooks</i>"]
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reactui["@copilotkit/react-ui<br/><i>Chat, Popup, Sidebar</i>"]
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reacttextarea["@copilotkit/react-textarea<br/><i>AI text editing</i>"]
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gql["@copilotkit/runtime-client-gql<br/><i>urql GraphQL client</i>"]
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runtime["@copilotkit/runtime<br/><i>Express/Hono server + AgentRunner + Built-in agent</i>"]
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core --> shared
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reactcore --> core
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reactcore --> gql
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reactui --> reactcore
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reacttextarea --> reactcore
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runtime --> shared
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reactcore -.-> client
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gql --> shared
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end
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```
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---
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## AG-UI Protocol at a Glance
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AG-UI is the communication contract between agents and UIs. Everything is an **event** streamed over SSE.
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```mermaid
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graph LR
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subgraph Lifecycle
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RS[RUN_STARTED] --> SS[STEP_STARTED]
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SF[STEP_FINISHED] --> RF[RUN_FINISHED]
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end
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subgraph Text
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TMS[TEXT_MESSAGE_START] --> TMC[TEXT_MESSAGE_CONTENT]
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TMC --> TME[TEXT_MESSAGE_END]
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end
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subgraph Tools
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TCS[TOOL_CALL_START] --> TCA[TOOL_CALL_ARGS]
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TCA --> TCE[TOOL_CALL_END]
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TCE --> TCR[TOOL_CALL_RESULT]
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end
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subgraph State
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SNP[STATE_SNAPSHOT]
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SD[STATE_DELTA]
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end
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SS --> TMS
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TME --> TCS
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TCR --> SF
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```
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| Package | Role | Key exports |
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| ---------------- | ---------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| `@ag-ui/core` | The contract — event types + data shapes | `EventType` enum, Zod schemas, `RunAgentInput`, `Message`, `Tool` |
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| `@ag-ui/client` | Client-side agent abstraction | `AbstractAgent`, `HttpAgent`, `Middleware`, re-exports core |
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| `@ag-ui/encoder` | Serializes events for transport | `EventEncoder` (SSE, binary, protobuf) |
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| `@ag-ui/proto` | Protobuf binary transport | `encode()`, `decode()` |
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13+ framework integrations at `ag-ui/integrations/`: LangGraph, CrewAI, Mastra, Vercel AI SDK, Agno, AWS Strands, LlamaIndex, and more.
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---
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## Quick Reference
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**"I want to..."** — here's where to look:
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### Setup & Configuration
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| Goal | Package | Key file / API |
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| -------------------------------- | ------------------------ | -------------------------------------------- |
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| Set up a React app | `@copilotkit/react-core` | `<CopilotKit runtimeUrl="...">` provider |
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| Set up an Angular app | `@copilotkit/angular` | `provideCopilotKit({ runtimeUrl })` DI token |
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| Set up vanilla JS | `@copilotkit/core` | `new CopilotKitCore({ runtimeUrl })` |
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| Set up the backend (Express) | `@copilotkit/runtime` | `createCopilotEndpointExpress({ runtime })` |
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| Set up the backend (Hono) | `@copilotkit/runtime` | `createCopilotEndpointHono({ runtime })` |
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| Configure authentication headers | Provider / Core config | `headers: { Authorization: "Bearer ..." }` |
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| Forward cookies to runtime | Provider / Core config | `credentials: "include"` |
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### Agent Communication
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| Goal | Package | Key file / API |
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| ------------------------------- | ------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------- |
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| Get an agent instance (React) | `@copilotkit/react-core` | `useAgent({ agentId })` |
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| Get an agent instance (Angular) | `@copilotkit/angular` | `AgentStore` with signals |
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| Get an agent instance (vanilla) | `@copilotkit/core` | `copilotkit.getAgent(id)` |
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| Run an agent | Core / hooks | `copilotkit.runAgent({ agent })` |
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| Use multiple agents | Runtime config | `agents: { research: agent1, coding: agent2 }` |
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| Agent-specific tools | `useFrontendTool` | `{ name, agentId: "specific-agent", handler }` |
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| Shared context for all agents | `useAgentContext` | `useAgentContext("desc", value)` |
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### Tools & Interactivity
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| Goal | Package | Key file / API |
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| ------------------------------- | ------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------ |
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| Register a tool agents can call | `react-core` or `react` | `useFrontendTool({ name, parameters, handler })` |
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| Give agents context data | `react-core` or `react` | `useCopilotReadable()` / `useAgentContext()` |
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| Share state with an agent (V1) | `@copilotkit/react-core` | `useCoAgent({ name, initialState })` |
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| Custom UI for tool execution | Provider or hook | `renderToolCalls` / `useRenderToolCall()` |
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| Require human approval | Provider or hook | `humanInTheLoop` / `useHumanInTheLoop()` |
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| Auto-generate suggestions | Hook | `useConfigureSuggestions({ instructions })` |
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| Inject system instructions (V1) | `@copilotkit/react-core` | `useCopilotAdditionalInstructions()` |
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### UI Components
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| Goal | Package | Component |
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| ---------------------- | ---------------------------- | ------------------- |
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| Full chat interface | `@copilotkit/react-ui` | `<CopilotChat>` |
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| Floating popup chat | `@copilotkit/react-ui` | `<CopilotPopup>` |
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| Side panel chat | `@copilotkit/react-ui` | `<CopilotSidebar>` |
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| Inline panel chat | `@copilotkit/react-ui` | `<CopilotPanel>` |
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| AI text autocompletion | `@copilotkit/react-textarea` | `<CopilotTextarea>` |
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### Backend & Runtime
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| Goal | Package | Key file / API |
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| ---------------------------- | --------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- |
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| Custom agent runner | `@copilotkit/runtime` | Extend `AgentRunner` abstract class |
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| Persistent agent state | `@copilotkit/sqlite-runner` | `SQLiteAgentRunner` |
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| Request/response middleware | `CopilotRuntime` options | `beforeRequestMiddleware` / `afterRequestMiddleware` |
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| Audio transcription | `CopilotRuntime` options | `transcriptionService` |
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| Voice (speech-to-text / TTS) | `@copilotkit/voice` | Voice services |
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| Build a custom agent | `@copilotkit/sdk-js` | LangGraph / LangChain helpers |
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### Debugging & Internals
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| Goal | Package | Key file / API |
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| -------------------------------- | --------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| Understand event types | `@ag-ui/core` | `src/events.ts` — `EventType` enum |
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| Understand the agent abstraction | `@ag-ui/client` | `src/agent/agent.ts` — `AbstractAgent` |
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| See how an integration works | `ag-ui/integrations/{framework}/` | Each extends `AbstractAgent` |
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| Understand the core orchestrator | `@copilotkit/core` | `src/core/core.ts` — `CopilotKitCore` |
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| Debug agent interactions | `@copilotkit/web-inspector` | Lit web component, enabled via `showDevConsole` |
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| Subscribe to lifecycle events | Core API | `copilotkit.subscribe({ onError, onToolExecutionStart, ... })` |
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---
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## Monorepo Structure
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```
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cpk/
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├── ag-ui/ # AG-UI Protocol (open standard)
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│ ├── sdks/typescript/packages/
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│ │ ├── core/ # @ag-ui/core — types + events
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│ │ ├── client/ # @ag-ui/client — AbstractAgent, HttpAgent
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│ │ ├── encoder/ # @ag-ui/encoder — SSE/binary encoding
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│ │ └── proto/ # @ag-ui/proto — protobuf
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│ └── integrations/ # 13+ framework adapters
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│ ├── langgraph/
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│ ├── crewai/
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│ ├── mastra/
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│ └── ...
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│
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└── CopilotKit/ # CopilotKit Product
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└── packages/ # All packages flat under @copilotkit/ scope
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├── shared/ # @copilotkit/shared — utils, types, constants
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├── core/ # @copilotkit/core — CopilotKitCore orchestrator
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├── react-core/ # @copilotkit/react-core — provider + hooks
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├── react-ui/ # @copilotkit/react-ui — chat components
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├── react-textarea/ # @copilotkit/react-textarea — AI text editing
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├── runtime/ # @copilotkit/runtime — Express/Hono server + AgentRunner + Built-in agent
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├── runtime-client-gql/ # @copilotkit/runtime-client-gql — urql GraphQL client
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├── angular/ # @copilotkit/angular — Angular integration
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├── voice/ # @copilotkit/voice — voice support
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├── web-inspector/ # @copilotkit/web-inspector — debug console
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├── sqlite-runner/ # @copilotkit/sqlite-runner — persistent AgentRunner
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└── sdk-js/ # @copilotkit/sdk-js — LangGraph/LangChain helpers
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```
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