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Swift パターン
このファイルは common/patterns.md を Swift 固有のコンテンツで拡張します。
プロトコル指向設計
小さく焦点を絞ったプロトコルを定義する。共有デフォルトにはプロトコル拡張を使用する:
protocol Repository: Sendable {
associatedtype Item: Identifiable & Sendable
func find(by id: Item.ID) async throws -> Item?
func save(_ item: Item) async throws
}
値型
- データ転送オブジェクトとモデルには構造体を使用する
- 異なる状態をモデリングするには関連値付きの列挙型を使用する:
enum LoadState<T: Sendable>: Sendable {
case idle
case loading
case loaded(T)
case failed(Error)
}
アクターパターン
ロックやディスパッチキューの代わりに、共有ミュータブル状態にはアクターを使用する:
actor Cache<Key: Hashable & Sendable, Value: Sendable> {
private var storage: [Key: Value] = [:]
func get(_ key: Key) -> Value? { storage[key] }
func set(_ key: Key, value: Value) { storage[key] = value }
}
依存性注入
デフォルトパラメータ付きでプロトコルを注入する — 本番ではデフォルトを使用し、テストではモックを注入する:
struct UserService {
private let repository: any UserRepository
init(repository: any UserRepository = DefaultUserRepository()) {
self.repository = repository
}
}
参考
アクターベースの永続化パターンについてはスキル: swift-actor-persistence を参照。
プロトコルベースの DI とテストについてはスキル: swift-protocol-di-testing を参照。