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paths
paths
**/*.cpp
**/*.hpp
**/*.cc
**/*.hh
**/*.cxx
**/*.h
**/CMakeLists.txt

C++ 模式

本文档基于 common/patterns.md 扩展了 C++ 特定内容。

RAII(资源获取即初始化)

将资源生命周期与对象生命周期绑定:

class FileHandle {
public:
    explicit FileHandle(const std::string& path) : file_(std::fopen(path.c_str(), "r")) {}
    ~FileHandle() { if (file_) std::fclose(file_); }
    FileHandle(const FileHandle&) = delete;
    FileHandle& operator=(const FileHandle&) = delete;
private:
    std::FILE* file_;
};

三五法则/零法则

  • 零法则:优先使用不需要自定义析构函数、拷贝/移动构造函数或赋值运算符的类。
  • 五法则:如果你定义了析构函数、拷贝构造函数、拷贝赋值运算符、移动构造函数或移动赋值运算符中的任何一个,那么就需要定义全部五个。

值语义

  • 按值传递小型/平凡类型。
  • const& 传递大型类型。
  • 按值返回(依赖 RVO/NRVO)。
  • 对于接收后即被消耗的参数,使用移动语义。

错误处理

  • 使用异常处理异常情况。
  • 对于可能不存在的值,使用 std::optional
  • 对于预期的失败,使用 std::expectedC++23)或结果类型。

参考

有关全面的 C++ 模式和反模式,请参阅技能:cpp-coding-standards