chore: import upstream snapshot with attribution

skills/tinystruct-patterns/references/architecture.md

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+# tinystruct Architecture and Configuration
+
+## When to Use
+
+Choose **tinystruct** when you need a lightweight, high-performance Java framework that treats CLI and HTTP as equal citizens. Ideal for microservices, CLI utilities, and data-driven applications with a small footprint and zero-dependency JSON handling.
+
+## How It Works
+
+### Core Architecture
+
+The framework operates on a singleton `ActionRegistry` that maps URL patterns (or command strings) to `Action` objects. When a request arrives, the system resolves the path and invokes the corresponding method handle.
+
+#### Key Abstractions
+
+| Class/Interface | Role |
+|---|---|
+| `AbstractApplication` | Base class for all tinystruct applications. Extend this. |
+| `@Action` annotation | Maps a method to a URI path (web) or command name (CLI). The single routing primitive. |
+| `ActionRegistry` | Singleton that maps URL patterns to `Action` objects via regex. Never instantiate directly. |
+| `Action` | Wraps a `MethodHandle` + regex pattern + priority + `Mode` for dispatch. |
+| `Context` | Per-request state store. Access via `getContext()`. Holds CLI args and HTTP request/response. |
+| `Dispatcher` | CLI entry point (`bin/dispatcher`). Reads `--import` to load applications. |
+| `HttpServer` | Built-in HTTP server. Start with `bin/dispatcher start --import org.tinystruct.system.HttpServer`. |
+
+### Package Map
+
+```
+org.tinystruct/
+├── AbstractApplication.java      ← extend this
+├── Application.java              ← interface
+├── ApplicationException.java     ← checked exception
+├── ApplicationRuntimeException.java ← unchecked exception
+├── application/
+│   ├── Action.java               ← runtime action wrapper
+│   ├── ActionRegistry.java       ← singleton route registry
+│   └── Context.java              ← request context
+├── system/
+│   ├── annotation/Action.java    ← @Action annotation + Mode enum
+│   ├── Dispatcher.java           ← CLI dispatcher
+│   ├── HttpServer.java           ← built-in HTTP server
+│   ├── EventDispatcher.java      ← event bus
+│   └── Settings.java             ← reads application.properties
+├── data/
+│   ├── component/Builder.java    ← JSON object (use instead of Gson/Jackson)
+│   ├── component/Builders.java   ← JSON array
+│   ├── component/AbstractData.java ← base POJO for DB persistence
+│   ├── component/Condition.java  ← fluent SQL query builder
+│   ├── component/FieldType.java  ← SQL-to-Java type mappings
+│   ├── Mapping.java              ← reads .map.xml metadata
+│   ├── DatabaseOperator.java     ← low-level JDBC wrapper
+│   └── FileEntity.java           ← file upload representation
+├── http/                         ← Request, Response, Constants
+│   └── SSEPushManager.java       ← Server-Sent Events management
+└── net/                          ← URLRequest, HTTPHandler (outbound HTTP)
+```
+
+### Template Behavior and Dispatch Flow
+
+By default, the framework assumes a view template is required. If `templateRequired` is `true`, `toString()` looks for a `.view` file in `src/main/resources/themes/<ClassName>.view`. Use `setVariable("name", value)` to pass data to templates, which use `{%name%}` for interpolation.
+
+## Examples
+
+### Minimal Application Initialization
+```java
+@Override
+public void init() {
+    this.setTemplateRequired(false); // Skip .view template lookup for data-only apps
+    // Do NOT call setAction() here — use @Action annotation instead
+}
+```
+
+### Action Definition and CLI Invocation
+```java
+@Action("hello")
+public String hello() {
+    return "Hello, tinystruct!";
+}
+```
+**Execution via Dispatcher:**
+```bash
+bin/dispatcher hello
+bin/dispatcher greet/James
+bin/dispatcher echo --words "Hello" --import com.example.HelloApp
+```
+
+### Configuration Access
+Located at `src/main/resources/application.properties`:
+```java
+String port = this.getConfiguration("server.port");
+```

skills/tinystruct-patterns/references/data-handling.md

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+# tinystruct Data Handling (JSON)
+
+## When to Use
+
+Prefer `org.tinystruct.data.component.Builder` and `Builders` for lightweight, zero-dependency JSON. Use `Builder` for JSON objects (`{}`), `Builders` for JSON arrays (`[]`). **Always use `Builders` instead of `List<Builder>`** to avoid generic type erasure issues.
+
+## How It Works
+
+`Builder` provides a key-value interface for creating and reading JSON objects. `Builders` provides an indexed list for JSON arrays. Both integrate directly with `AbstractApplication` result handling.
+
+### Why Builder/Builders?
+- **Zero External Dependencies** — lean and fast
+- **Native Integration** — works with framework result handling
+- **Type Safety** — `Builders` serializes properly to `[]`; `List<Builder>` can cause casting issues
+
+## Examples
+
+### Serialize a Single Object
+```java
+import org.tinystruct.data.component.Builder;
+
+Builder response = new Builder();
+response.put("status", "success");
+response.put("count", 42);
+return response.toString(); // {"status":"success","count":42}
+```
+
+### Serialize a List using Builders
+```java
+import org.tinystruct.data.component.Builder;
+import org.tinystruct.data.component.Builders;
+
+Builders dataList = new Builders();
+for (MyModel item : myCollection) {
+    Builder b = new Builder();
+    b.put("id", item.getId());
+    b.put("name", item.getName());
+    dataList.add(b);
+}
+Builder response = new Builder();
+response.put("data", dataList);
+return response.toString(); // {"data":[{"id":1,"name":"X"}]}
+```
+
+### Parse a JSON Object
+```java
+Builder parsed = new Builder();
+parsed.parse(jsonString);
+String status = parsed.get("status").toString();
+```
+
+### Parse a JSON Array
+```java
+Builders parsedArray = new Builders();
+parsedArray.parse(jsonArrayString);
+for (int i = 0; i < parsedArray.size(); i++) {
+    Builder item = parsedArray.get(i);
+    System.out.println(item.get("name"));
+}
+```

skills/tinystruct-patterns/references/database.md

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+# tinystruct Database Persistence
+
+## When to Use
+
+Use the built-in ORM-like data layer for database operations. It provides a lightweight alternative to JPA/Hibernate using POJOs extending `AbstractData` and XML mapping files.
+
+## How It Works
+
+### Architecture
+
+Each table is represented by:
+1. **Java POJO**: Extends `AbstractData`, provides getters/setters and `setData(Row)`.
+2. **Mapping XML**: `ClassName.map.xml` in resources, binding Java fields to DB columns.
+
+#### Key Base Class: `AbstractData`
+Provides CRUD methods:
+- `append()` / `appendAndGetId()`
+- `update()`
+- `delete()`
+- `findAll()` / `findOneById()` / `findOneByKey(key, value)`
+- `findWith(where, params)`
+- `find(SQL, params)`
+
+### POJO Generation (CLI)
+
+Introspect a live database table to produce the POJO and mapping file.
+
+#### Configuration
+`application.properties`:
+```properties
+driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
+database.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb
+database.user=root
+database.password=secret
+```
+
+#### Command
+```bash
+# Interactive mode
+bin/dispatcher generate
+
+# Specify table
+bin/dispatcher generate --tables users
+```
+
+## Examples
+
+### CRUD Operations
+```java
+// CREATE
+User user = new User();
+user.setUsername("james");
+user.append();
+
+// READ
+User user = new User();
+user.setId(42);
+user.findOneById();
+
+// UPDATE
+user.setEmail("new@example.com");
+user.update();
+
+// DELETE
+user.delete();
+```
+
+### Querying with Conditions
+```java
+User user = new User();
+Table results = user.findWith("username LIKE ?", new Object[]{"%jam%"});
+
+// Fluent Condition Builder
+Condition condition = new Condition();
+condition.setRequestFields("id,username");
+Table filtered = user.find(
+    condition.select("`users`").and("email LIKE ?").orderBy("id DESC"),
+    new Object[]{"%@example.com"}
+);
+```
+
+### Mapping XML Structure
+`User.map.xml`:
+```xml
+<mapping>
+  <class name="User" table="users">
+    <id name="Id" column="id" increment="true" generate="false" length="11" type="int"/>
+    <property name="username" column="username" length="50" type="varchar"/>
+    <property name="email" column="email" length="100" type="varchar"/>
+  </class>
+</mapping>
+```
+
+## Important Rules
+
+1. **File Placement**: The mapping XML **must** mirror the POJO's package path under `src/main/resources/`.
+2. **Naming**: Table names are singularized for class names (`users` → `User`). Underscored columns become camelCase fields (`created_at` → `createdAt`).
+3. **Setters**: Use `setFieldAsXxx` methods (e.g., `setFieldAsString`) in setters to sync state with the internal field map.
+4. **Id Field**: The primary key field in Java is always named `Id` (inherited from `AbstractData`).

skills/tinystruct-patterns/references/routing.md

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+# tinystruct @Action Routing Reference
+
+## When to Use
+
+Use the `@Action` annotation in your applications to define routes for both CLI commands and HTTP endpoints. It is appropriate whenever you need to map logic to a specific path, handle parameterized requests, or restrict execution to specific HTTP methods while maintaining a consistent command structure across environments.
+
+## How It Works
+
+The `ActionRegistry` parses `@Action` annotations to build a routing table. For parameterized methods, the framework automatically maps Java parameter types to corresponding regex segments.
+
+### Regex Generation Rules
+- `getUser(int id)` → pattern: `^/?user/(-?\d+)$`
+- `search(String query)` → pattern: `^/?search/([^/]+)$`
+
+Supported parameter types: `String`, `int/Integer`, `long/Long`, `float/Float`, `double/Double`, `boolean/Boolean`, `char/Character`, `short/Short`, `byte/Byte`, `Date` (parsed as `yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss`).
+
+### Mode Values
+
+| Mode | When it triggers |
+|---|---|
+| `DEFAULT` | Both CLI and HTTP (GET, POST, etc.) |
+| `CLI` | CLI dispatcher only |
+| `HTTP_GET` | HTTP GET only |
+| `HTTP_POST` | HTTP POST only |
+| `HTTP_PUT` | HTTP PUT only |
+| `HTTP_DELETE` | HTTP DELETE only |
+| `HTTP_PATCH` | HTTP PATCH only |
+
+> **Note:** You can map HTTP method names to `Mode` using `Action.Mode.fromName(String methodName)`. Unknown or null values return `Mode.DEFAULT`.
+
+## Examples
+
+### Basic Action Declaration
+```java
+@Action(
+    value = "path/subpath",          // required: URI segment or CLI command
+    description = "What it does",    // shown in --help output
+    mode = Mode.DEFAULT,             // default: Mode.DEFAULT
+    example = "bin/dispatcher path/subpath/42"
+)
+public String myAction(int id) { ... }
+```
+
+### Parameterized Paths
+```java
+@Action("user/{id}")
+public String getUser(int id) { ... }
+// → CLI: bin/dispatcher user/42
+// → HTTP: /?q=user/42
+```
+
+### Dependency Injection
+`ActionRegistry` automatically injects `Request` and/or `Response` from `Context` if they are parameters:
+
+```java
+@Action(value = "upload", mode = Mode.HTTP_POST)
+public String upload(Request<?, ?> req, Response<?, ?> res) throws ApplicationException {
+    // Access raw request/response if needed
+    return "ok";
+}
+```
+
+### Path Matching Priority
+If two methods share the same path, the framework uses the first match in the `ActionRegistry`. Use explicit `Mode` values to disambiguate (e.g., separating a GET for a form and a POST for submission).

skills/tinystruct-patterns/references/system-usage.md

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+# tinystruct System and Usage Reference
+
+## When to Use
+
+Use these patterns to handle request state, manage web sessions, implement Server-Sent Events (SSE), handle file uploads, or perform outbound HTTP networking.
+
+## How It Works
+
+### Context and CLI Arguments
+`Context` is the primary data store for request-specific state. CLI flags passed as `--key value` are stored in `Context` as `"--key"`.
+
+### Session Management
+Pluggable architecture. Default is `MemorySessionRepository`. Configure Redis in `application.properties`:
+```properties
+default.session.repository=org.tinystruct.http.RedisSessionRepository
+redis.host=127.0.0.1
+redis.port=6379
+```
+
+### Server-Sent Events (SSE)
+Built-in support for real-time push. The `HttpServer` automatically handles the SSE lifecycle when it detects the `Accept: text/event-stream` header. Connections are tracked by session ID in `SSEPushManager`.
+
+### Outbound Networking
+Use `URLRequest` and `HTTPHandler` for making HTTP requests to external services.
+
+## Examples
+
+### Context and CLI Arguments
+```java
+@Action("echo")
+public String echo() {
+    // CLI: bin/dispatcher echo --words "Hello World"
+    Object words = getContext().getAttribute("--words");
+    if (words != null) return words.toString();
+    return "No words provided";
+}
+```
+
+### Session Management
+```java
+@Action(value = "login", mode = Mode.HTTP_POST)
+public String login(Request<?, ?> request) {
+    request.getSession().setAttribute("userId", "42");
+    return "Logged in";
+}
+```
+
+### Server-Sent Events (SSE)
+```java
+@Action("sse/connect")
+public String connect() {
+    return "{\"type\":\"connect\",\"message\":\"Connected\"}";
+}
+
+// In another method or event handler:
+String sessionId = getContext().getId();
+SSEPushManager.getInstance().push(sessionId, new Builder().put("msg", "hello"));
+```
+
+### File Uploads
+```java
+import org.tinystruct.data.FileEntity;
+
+@Action(value = "upload", mode = Mode.HTTP_POST)
+public String upload(Request<?, ?> request) throws ApplicationException {
+    List<FileEntity> files = request.getAttachments();
+    if (files != null) {
+        for (FileEntity file : files) {
+            // file.getFilename(), file.getContent()
+        }
+    }
+    return "Uploaded";
+}
+```
+
+### Outbound HTTP
+```java
+import org.tinystruct.net.URLRequest;
+import org.tinystruct.net.handlers.HTTPHandler;
+
+URLRequest request = new URLRequest(new URL("https://api.example.com"));
+request.setMethod("POST").setBody("{\"data\":\"val\"}");
+
+HTTPHandler handler = new HTTPHandler();
+var response = handler.handleRequest(request);
+if (response.getStatusCode() == 200) {
+    String body = response.getBody();
+}
+```
+
+### Event System
+Register handlers in `init()` for asynchronous task execution.
+```java
+EventDispatcher.getInstance().registerHandler(MyEvent.class, event -> {
+    CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> doHeavyWork(event.getPayload()));
+});
+```

skills/tinystruct-patterns/references/testing.md

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+# tinystruct Testing Patterns
+
+## When to Use
+
+Use these patterns when writing unit tests for your applications with **JUnit 5**. Essential for verifying action logic, routing registration, and HTTP mode behavior.
+
+## How It Works
+
+### Unit Testing Applications
+ActionRegistry is a singleton. To test an application:
+1. Instantiate the application.
+2. Provide a `Settings` object (triggers `init()` and annotation processing).
+3. Use `app.invoke(path, args)` to test logic directly.
+
+### HTTP Integration Testing
+For tests involving the built-in HTTP server:
+1. Start `HttpServer` in a background thread.
+2. Use `ApplicationManager.call("start", context, Action.Mode.CLI)` to boot.
+3. Wait for the port to be open using a `Socket`.
+4. Use `URLRequest` and `HTTPHandler` to perform actual requests.
+
+## Examples
+
+### Unit Test
+```java
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.*;
+import org.tinystruct.system.Settings;
+
+class MyAppTest {
+    private MyApp app;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void setUp() {
+        app = new MyApp();
+        app.setConfiguration(new Settings());
+        app.init(); // triggers @Action annotation processing and registers all actions
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testHello() throws Exception {
+        Object result = app.invoke("hello");
+        Assertions.assertEquals("Hello!", result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testGreet() throws Exception {
+        Object result = app.invoke("greet", new Object[]{"James"});
+        Assertions.assertEquals("Hello, James!", result);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### ActionRegistry Match Testing
+```java
+@Test
+void testRouting() {
+    ActionRegistry registry = ActionRegistry.getInstance();
+    Action action = registry.getAction("greet/James");
+    Assertions.assertNotNull(action);
+}
+```
+
+### HTTP Integration Pattern
+Reference: `src/test/java/org/tinystruct/system/HttpServerHttpModeTest.java`
+
+```java
+// Pattern:
+// 1. Start server in thread
+// 2. Poll for port availability
+// 3. Send HTTP request via HTTPHandler
+// 4. Assert response body/status
+```