chore: import upstream snapshot with attribution
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This commit is contained in:
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
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---
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paths:
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- "**/*.cpp"
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- "**/*.hpp"
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- "**/*.cc"
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- "**/*.hh"
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- "**/*.cxx"
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- "**/*.h"
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- "**/CMakeLists.txt"
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---
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# C++ 模式
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> 本文档基于 [common/patterns.md](../common/patterns.md) 扩展了 C++ 特定内容。
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## RAII(资源获取即初始化)
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将资源生命周期与对象生命周期绑定:
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```cpp
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class FileHandle {
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public:
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explicit FileHandle(const std::string& path) : file_(std::fopen(path.c_str(), "r")) {}
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~FileHandle() { if (file_) std::fclose(file_); }
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FileHandle(const FileHandle&) = delete;
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FileHandle& operator=(const FileHandle&) = delete;
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private:
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std::FILE* file_;
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};
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```
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## 三五法则/零法则
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* **零法则**:优先使用不需要自定义析构函数、拷贝/移动构造函数或赋值运算符的类。
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* **五法则**:如果你定义了析构函数、拷贝构造函数、拷贝赋值运算符、移动构造函数或移动赋值运算符中的任何一个,那么就需要定义全部五个。
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## 值语义
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* 按值传递小型/平凡类型。
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* 按 `const&` 传递大型类型。
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* 按值返回(依赖 RVO/NRVO)。
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* 对于接收后即被消耗的参数,使用移动语义。
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## 错误处理
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* 使用异常处理异常情况。
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* 对于可能不存在的值,使用 `std::optional`。
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* 对于预期的失败,使用 `std::expected`(C++23)或结果类型。
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## 参考
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有关全面的 C++ 模式和反模式,请参阅技能:`cpp-coding-standards`。
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