chore: import upstream snapshot with attribution
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@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
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---
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paths:
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- "**/*.cpp"
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- "**/*.hpp"
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- "**/*.cc"
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- "**/*.hh"
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- "**/*.cxx"
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- "**/*.h"
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- "**/CMakeLists.txt"
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---
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# C++ パターン
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> このファイルは [common/patterns.md](../common/patterns.md) を C++ 固有のコンテンツで拡張します。
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## RAII(Resource Acquisition Is Initialization)
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リソースのライフタイムをオブジェクトのライフタイムに結びつける:
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```cpp
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class FileHandle {
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public:
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explicit FileHandle(const std::string& path) : file_(std::fopen(path.c_str(), "r")) {}
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~FileHandle() { if (file_) std::fclose(file_); }
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FileHandle(const FileHandle&) = delete;
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FileHandle& operator=(const FileHandle&) = delete;
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private:
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std::FILE* file_;
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};
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```
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## 5の法則/0の法則
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- **0の法則**: カスタムデストラクタ、コピー/ムーブコンストラクタ、代入が不要なクラスを優先する
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- **5の法則**: デストラクタ/コピーコンストラクタ/コピー代入/ムーブコンストラクタ/ムーブ代入のいずれかを定義する場合、5つすべてを定義する
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## 値セマンティクス
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- 小さい/トリビアルな型は値渡しにする
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- 大きな型は `const&` で渡す
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- 値で返す(RVO/NRVO に依存する)
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- シンクパラメータにはムーブセマンティクスを使用する
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## エラーハンドリング
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- 例外的な状況には例外を使用する
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- 存在しない可能性のある値には `std::optional` を使用する
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- 想定される失敗には `std::expected`(C++23)または結果型を使用する
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## 参考
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包括的な C++ パターンとアンチパターンについてはスキル: `cpp-coding-standards` を参照。
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